N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer generated keyframe animation. Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, pages 149--153, March 1971.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....2 describes the related work in the field. Section 3 puts 2.5D modelling and animation in its context and details our multi level approach. We show some results in section 4 while conclusions and topics for future research are given in section 5. 2. Related work Already in the early seventies, [3] reported on the use of computers in the generation of keyframed animation. Catmull [5] was among the first to discuss the issues underlying computer assisted animation, indicating that the main problem is to be found in the lack of explicit 3D information in 2D hand drawn cartoon pictures, making ....

N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer-generated key-frame animation. Journal of the Society Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 8(3):149--153, 1971.

....of the animated objects at various points in time is specified by the animator and the computer generates the in between frames using linear or other forms of interpolation. In early systems, specification of keyframes required the animator to 6 directly manipulate the DOFs of an object [Mez68, BW71, Csu71, KB84, Stu84, MTT85b, SB85, Las87]. Later systems allowed the animator to specify the position of specific points on the objects being animated (such as a hand or foot ) and used inverse kinematics to determine the appropriate values for the creature s internal DOFs [KB82] GM85] BMW87] Procedural descriptions of motion, often ....

N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer generated keyframe animation. Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 80(3):149-153, March 1971.

....the final version is produced and transferred to celluloid. This method of animation is called key framing and has since been used in computer animation systems. Already in 1968 animation of 3D models was known, and the idea of using computers for key frame animation was used in 1971 [Burtnyk Wein, 1971]. Computers are natural replacements for the in betweeners. Given two key frames, the frames in between can be generated by interpolation. Admittedly there are several problems with this approach: 1 ffl A translation between two key frames can easily be obtained by simple linear interpolation. ....

Nester Burtnyk & Marceli Wein. Computer generated keyframe animation. SMPTE, (80):149--153, March 1971.

....pairs G i and G i 1 ; then a smooth animation is obtained by generating the geometry at time t 2 [t i ; t i 1 ] on the fly by interpolating between key geometries G i and G i 1 . Any geometry mesh can be used in a keyframe animation if there exists an interpolation method, see Burtnyk and Wein [4], 5] for general shape interpolation techniques. In the simplest case, all key geometries have the same combinatorial mesh and differ only in their vertices. In this case the interpolation object at time t uses the same topological mesh and has vertices v j (t) 2 R 3 , j 2 f1; mg. They are ....

N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer generated key-frame animation. J. Soc. Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 80, 1971.

....pairs G i and G i 1 ; then a smooth animation is obtained by generating the geometry at time t 2 #t ;t i 1 # on the fly by interpolating between key geometries G i and G i 1 . Any geometry mesh can be used in a keyframe animation if there exists an interpolation method, see Burtnyk and Wein [4], 5] for general shape interpolation techniques. In the simplest case, all key geometries have the same combinatorial mesh and differ only in their vertices. In this case the interpolation object at time t uses the same topological mesh and has vertices v j #t# 2 R 3 , j 2f1; mg. They are ....

N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer generated key-frame animation. J. Soc. Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 80, 1971.

.... use the key frame drawings as a guide for the intermediate frames (doing a kind of human powered interpolation of the poses) Similar techniques were used in early 2 D computer assisted animation, where an animator would draw character outlines at key frames, which the computer would interpolate (Burtnyk and Wein, 1971; Catmull, 1978) These techniques were 19 extended into the realm of 3 D computer animation by specifying and interpolating positions and joint angles of the characters ( Stern, 1983; Gomez, 1985) and many others) For 3 D keyframing, the instantaneous state of a character is described by a ....

Burtnyk, N. and Wein, M. (1971). Computer generated key frame animation. Journal of the SMPTE, 80:149--153.

....Keyframes are frames of the animation where the positions of the characters are completely specified. The remaining frames of the animation are created by inbetweening, which 2 involves interpolating for the characters positions between those shown in the keyframes, as first described in [17]. Using physically based modelling, the same task of determining character motions is accomplished in several steps. The first step is to create a suitable physical and geometrical model of the characters. The physical model supplies all the parameters necessary to perform a mechanical simulation ....

....by looking at the progression of animation research and how it has made use of results from other fields along the way. The purpose of this section is to give a sense of the history of the motion control problem in the context of animation. Computer assisted animation dates back to the early 1970s [17] [27] and is firmly founded upon the use of keyframing. Keyframing is a technique used in traditional cel based animation. The animator specifies the position of the figure to be animated at key instances in time. These positions are called keyframes. The position of the figure at all instances in ....

N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer generated keyframe animation. Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 80(3), 149-153, March 1971.

....[40, 14, 47] Its advantage is that the user can create the animation in a more structured manner so that they do not have to worry about the low level implementations. 3.2. 2 Keyframe Animation Keyframe animation is one of the oldest computer animation techniques; since it was first introduced [11] it has become one of the most popular types of creating animations with a computer [44, 30, 25] The concept is an extension of how animation is traditionally done in 2D, for instance, in an animated cartoon. Here, a figure is hand drawn on a transparency by the master animator only at key points ....

Burtnyk, N., and Wein, M. Computer Generated Key Frame Animation. Journal of the SMPTE 80 (1971), 149--153. TR93-016 Computer and Information Sciences, University of Florida 22

....and Magnenat Thalmann 1985) Although different in implementation, they are all basically graphical programming languages that encapsulate the following format: From t 1 to t 2 do action with object. The next type of animation system to be developed was the keyframe system, as described in (Burtnyk and Wein 1971; Kochaneck 1982; Gomez 1985) The keyframe technique is an extension of how traditional cell animation (White 1988) is done in 2D animation. In cell animation, the most talented artists draw the figures at key positions (i.e. start and finish) TR91 005 Computer and Information Sciences, ....

Burtnyk, N. and Wein, W. 1971. Computer Generated Key Frame Animation. Journal of the SMPTE 80, pages 149 -- 143.

.... (shown as shaded blocks in Table 1) If the destination state and time are rigidly described (and so the audience cannot effect the animation) then we may let the author define the animation in advance, using any form of motion synthesis technique he or she finds useful (such as keyframing [4], spacetime [17] or procedural control [14] If both the destination time geometry are unspecified, then the author may use any form of pure forward dynamic simulation [16] or even use a null arc which causes no movement) If the geometry is unspecified, but the time range is either ....

....these interactive presentations is performed. 6.1 Keyframe Control for Multimedia In describing the role of the geometry in the states (in section 4) we noted that they are similar to keyframes in conventional computer animation. In the classification scheme in 5. 1 we included keyframe control [4], but showed that it could only be used in cases where the end time geometry were completely fixed. In this section we present an adaptation of keyframing which drives the collection of bodies to a fixed geometry in a range of time, and also allows the end state to be interactively moved by the ....

N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer-Generated Key-Frame Animation. Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 80:149-153, 1971.

.... systems were intended primarily for use by conventional cel artists, who could employ the processing power of computers to handle many of the laborious jobs common to the animation industry, such as in betweening (drawing hundreds of similar frames) and colouring of acetate sheets (or cels) [4]. These simple, though extremely useful, tasks are still employed in commercial animation production [22] and require limited processing power. However, once it became possible to animate and render three dimensional spaces, the traditional animation techniques became cumbersome to use, and the ....

N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer--Generated Key-Frame Animation. Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 80:149-- 153, 1971.

....Canada built a mouse out of wood patterned after Engelbart s and used it with a keyframe animation system to draw all the frames of a movie. A subsequent movie, Hunger in 1971 won a number of awards, and was drawn using a tablet instead of the mouse (funding by the National Film Board of Canada) [3] . William Newman s Markup (1975) was the first drawing program for Xerox PARC s Alto, followed shortly by Patrick Baudelaire s Draw which added handling of lines and curves [10, p. 326] The first computer painting program was probably Dick Shoup s Superpaint at PARC (1974 75) Text Editing: ....

Burtnyk, N. and Wein, M., "Computer Generated Key Frame Animation ." Journal Of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers , 1971. 8(3): pp. 149-153.

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N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer generated keyframe animation. Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, pages 149--153, March 1971.

No context found.

N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer generated keyframe animation. Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, pages 149--153, March 1971.

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N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. "Computer generated keyframe animation," Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 80(3):149-53, March 1971.

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N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer generated keyframe animation. Journal of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, pages 149--153, March 1971.

No context found.

N. Burtnyk and M. Wein. Computer generated key-frame animation. J. Soc. Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 80:149153, 1971.

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