K.D. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C.L. Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identication of interesting publications. In Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, USA (1998).  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   TOC   Related Articles   Check

....evolves and grows, web search has come to provide an interface between the human users and the vast information of the web in people s daily life. There have been a number of popular and successful general purpose or meta search engines such as AltaVista[i] Yahoo [2] Google [3] MetaCrawler [4], Dogpile [5] and Inference Find [6] Many of the existing engines support personalization (or customization) with the help of predefined user profiles or a collection of customizable parameters such as suggestions about keywords to include or exclude, language choices, document locations, etc. ....

....on web communities [17, 13, 7] has used a short list of hits returned by a search engine as a starting set for further expansion of search. There have been considerable efforts applying machine learning to web search related applications, for example, scientific article locating and user profiling [4, 5, 18], focused crawling [23] collaborative filtering [22, 3] and user preference boosting [12] An adaptive real time search algorithm without an index, which is basically a focused search starting at some given url and crawling within some neighboring documents, is given in [15] FEATURES is part ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116-113, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

....turns to its meta search component to receive the matched documents through AltaVista [a] and then performs the learning process locally. There have been considerable efforts applying machine learning to web search related applications, for example, scientific article locating and user profiling [3, 4, 15], focused crawling [20] and collaborative filtering [19] The remaining part of this paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we examine the similarity between on line learning and web search, and discuss what properties a learning algorithm should have in order to be applicable to web ....

K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. L. Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--113, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

....Apart from the Dublin Core and the Adobe XMP namespaces, hardly any other non W3C vocabulary is used by many di#erent authors. Specifically Adobe s support of RDF is a very promising sign, however. Nevertheless, we believe that RDF has a lot of potential. The popularity of the NEC CiteSeer [3] research index for example, is a clear indication that there is a need for metadata and better, more targeted search on the web. This application extracts the information which other papers are cited by a certain publication. The number of citations is used as an indication for the quality ....

K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. L. Giles. CiteSeer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In K. P. Sycara and M. Wooldridge, editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--123, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

....access to many scholarly documents by making available copies of papers, technical reports etc. in digital libraries and on individuals home pages. Reasonable keyword access is provided by Web search engines. Access via citations is available using tools such as Research Index (Citeseer) [1], and research to extend this approach to eprint servers is ongoing [2] However, there are few tools to track debate and analyse ideas in a domain. The Semantic Web [3] approach of augmenting Web documents with machine understandable information offers a potential means of addressing this need. ....

Bollacker,K.D., Lawrence, S., Giles, C.L.: CiteSeer: an autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, MN (1998) 116-123

....such as title, abstract, keywords, references. Also, common citations can be used as a parameter [33] The ParaSite system [34] uses the nearness of links to referenced web pages in the HTML structure of a referencing web page as an indicator of relatedness of the referenced pages. CiteSeer [35] is a computer science research paper finder that uses several methods for document similarity measurement. CiteSeer uses the LikeIt string distance to measure the edit distance between the headers of document. It uses common authors, institutions, or words in the title of documents to reduce the ....

K.D. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles, CiteSeer: An Autonomous web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications, 2 nd International ACM Conference on Autonomous Agents, pp. 116-123, 1998.

....the time of the talk. Some more sophisticated interactions might take place at this time; for example, the Calendar and User agents may decide to alter Jim s schedule, and request more information about the speaker and the event by contacting other agents or web sites, such as CiteSeer based agent [4, 22, 5], to obtain more information necessary to make a decision. Finally, after making this decision, the User Agent will send a notification back to the ITTALKS agent indicating that Jim will will not plan to attend. The ITTALKS agent will make the appropriate adjustments at the ITTALKS site, and ....

Kurt D. Bollacker, Steve Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents '98). ACM Press, Minneapolis, 1998.

....manually and that there is no concept of using existing information from a variety of sources already providing this service. In other projects like CiteSeer and the Open Journal project attempts have been made to automatically discover citation information. The CiteSeer system as described in [BLG98, LGB99] provides a universal database that is build from extracted metadata from scientific publications found on the World Wide Web using standard search engines and specific heuristics. During the CiteSeer project various approaches to identifying same objects in this scenario were ....

....key sufficient to identify the abstract representation of a work in a global scope (in most cases probably title and authors) is extracted and matched against an existing table of these cached information. This can be done using techniques from statistics and data mining, like described in [BLG98] and [Nei98] If we find a match, we can add the key and link the newly found local identifier to the match found as another manifestation, thereby establishing a structure similar to DOI nesting. In this case, we can discard the now duplicate data required to identify the object. If we fail to ....

K. D. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications. In K. P. Sycara and M. Wooldridge, editors, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents'98), pages 116--123, New York, May 9--13, 1998. ACM Press.

....for example, the Calendar and User agents may decide to alter Jim s schedule, and proceed to contact the User agent of some other individual. Or, the User agent might request more information about the speaker and the event by contacting other agents or web sites, such as CiteSeer based agent [3], to obtain more information necessary to make a decision. Finally, after making a decision, the User Agent will send a notification back to the ITTALKS agent indicating that Jim will will not plan to attend. The ITTALKS agent will make the appropriate adjustments to the ITTALKS database. In a ....

Kurt D. Bollacker, Steve Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents '98). ACM Press, Minneapolis, 1998.

....as evinced by their attempts to use cataloguing information such as title or author in their keyword searches. We should be working towards capitalizing on this familiarity by focussing on soft parsing or heuristic techniques for extracting bibliographic information from uncatalogued documents [1]. ....

Bollacker, K.D,, Lawrence, S.,, Giles, C.L.: CiteSeer: an Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications. Proceedings of the Second International Conrerence on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, St. Paul, May 913, (1998).

....from web pages, such as in Web KB [8] Web KB takes manually labelled examples of domain concepts and applies machine learning techniques to classify new web pages. Both systems do not, however, capture dynamic information such as user interests. Also of relevance are systems such as CiteSeer [6], which use content based similarity matching to help search for interesting research papers within a digital library. 5. THE QUICKSTEP RECOMMENDER SYSTEM Quickstep [18] is a hybrid recommender system, addressing the real world problem of recommending on line research papers to researchers. ....

Bollacker, K.D., Lawrence, S., and Giles, C.L. CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis MN, USA, 1998

....they browse post publication texts, we can 13 See, for example, Hitchcock et al. 14] 15] and Harnad Carr [13] describing their work on OpCit, a system for citation linking in e print archives. Other notable examples are the ResearchIndex (formerly the CiteSeer) developed by Bollacker et al. [3] and CrossRef, started by a consortium of journal publishers but is today an independent initiative. suggest that they are. The texts they produce, however, are not trails of links forming new books, but metatextual subject indexes covering specific topics or disciplines. Notably, linking ....

Bollacker, K.D. et al. (1998) "CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications" in Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous Agents, pp. 116-123.

....which links are worth following from the current web page by recommending page links most similar to the users profile. News filtering agents such as NewsWeeder [12] and News Dude [3] recommend news stories based on content similarity to previously rated examples. Systems such as CiteSeer [4] use content based similarity matching to help search for interesting research papers within a digital library. Ontologies are also used to improve content based search, as seen in OntoSeek [8] Mladenic [15] provides a good survey of text learning and agent systems, including content based and ....

Bollacker, K.D. Lawrence, S. Giles, C.L. CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis MN, USA, 1998

....that users consistently find the tasks of formulating the right query and managing or filtering the results quite difficult. In recent years these factors have prompted researchers to design more intelligent tools for information retrieval, such as intelligent Web agents (Boley, et al. 1999; Bollacker, et al. 1998; Craven, et al. 2000; Joachims, et al. 1997; Lieberman 1997) and mechanisms for incrementally refining users queries (Allan 1996; Eguchi 2000) Traditional approaches to query reformulation (also called query expansion) generally perform one or both of two tasks: re weighting the terms in the ....

Bollacker, K., Lawrence, S., Lee Giles, C. (1998), "CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications". In Proceeding of the 2 nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp. 116-123, ACM Press.

....keywords: Web agents, internet auctions, online learning 1 Introduction Intelligent agents for electronic commerce are a popular research topic. We have seen shopping agents that collect price information for users [3] and information filtering agents that collect interesting publications[1]. We are interested in designing agents for market environments where multiple buyers and sellers interact with each other. Such interactions can repeat over time, leading to dynamic changes of the systems. The interesting research issue for us is how an agent takes advantage of the information ....

Kurt Bollacker, Steve Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--120, Minneapolis, May 1998. ACM Press.

....and searching problems have been widely studied for many years (resulting in solutions such as TFIDF [4] the explosion of Web use has provided new forums for their use. Several systems have demonstrated the viability of TFIDF for Webbased tasks such as citation indexing and information surfing [1,3]. However, often the standard solutions must be augmented to meet the needs of a specific situation such as classroom information management. We address these problems with an information management tool called SCOUT. SCOUT (Searching Course Objects Using TFIDF) allows the user to stay aware of ....

K. Bollacker et al. CiteSeer: An autonomous Web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of Agents '98, pages 116-123, 1998.

....information. Tools like Yahoo (www.yahoo.com) and Alta Vista (www.altavista.com) traverse thousands of pages a day and provide several methods for accessing the information. Software agents perform more specific tasks; for example, CiteSeer retrieves and identifies publications from the Web [1]. CWIC uses many of the same techniques as the crawlers and agents to identify and collect information from the Web, but we believe that alternative visual communication methods will broaden people s understanding of the Web. In so doing, we have tried to push the envelope and provide new ways to ....

K. D. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. L. Giles. CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications. In Proceedings of the 1998 Autonomous Agents Conference (Agents '98), pages 116-123, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1998.

....turns to its meta search component to receive the matched documents through AltaVista [a] and then performs the learning process locally. There have been considerable efforts applying machine learning to web search related applications, for example, scientific article locating and user profiling [3, 4, 15], focused crawling [20] and collaborative filtering [19] The remaining part of this paper is organized as follows. In section 2, we examine the similarity between on line learning and web search, and discuss what properties a learning algorithm should have in order to be applicable to web ....

K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. L. Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--113, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

....evolves and grows, web search has come to provide an interface between the human users and the vast information of the web in people s daily life. There have been a number of popular and successful general purpose or meta search engines such as AltaVista[1] Yahoo [2] Google [3] MetaCrawler [4], Dogpile [5] and Inference Find [6] Many of the existing engines support personalization (or customization) with the help of predefined user profiles or a collection of customizable parameters such as suggestions about keywords to include or exclude, language choices, document locations, etc. ....

....on web communities [17, 13, 7] has used a short list of hits returned by a search engine as a starting set for further expansion of search. There have been considerable efforts applying machine learning to web search related applications, for example, scientific article locating and user profiling [4, 5, 18], focused crawling [23] collaborative filtering [22, 3] and user preference boosting [12] An adaptive real time search algorithm without an index, which is basically a focused search starting at some given url and crawling within some neighboring documents, is given in [15] Features is part ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--113, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

.... Raghavan 1998; Chakrabarti et al. 1998) has used a short list of hits returned by a search engine as a starting set for further expansion. There have been great efforts on applying machine learning on web search related applications, for example, scientific article locating and user profiling (Bollacker, Lawrence, Giles 1998; 1999; Lawrence, Bollacker, Giles 1999) and focused crawling (Rennie McCallum 1999) Yarrow is our first step toward building an intelligent deep meta search engine. Currently, Yarrow can query eight of the most popular general purpose search engines and is able to perform document parsing ....

Bollacker, K.; Lawrence, S.; and Giles, C. L. 1998. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, 116--113. New York: ACM Press.

....as evinced by their attempts to use cataloguing information such as title or author in their keyword searches. We should be working towards capitalizing on this familiarity by focussing on soft parsing or heuristic techniques for extracting bibliographic information from uncatalogued documents [1]. As we stated in the introduction to this paper, transaction logs provide detailed descriptions of user actions for a particular system over a specific period of time. We have presented a study which has characterised more than a years use of a digital library collection of technical reports, and ....

# Bollacker, K.D, Lawrence, S. and Giles, C.L. CiteSeer: an autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, St.Paul, May 9-13, 1998. ACM New York, pp 116-123, 1998. 30

....Keywords. Information Systems, Heterogeneous Databases, Information Integration, Context Free Grammars, Feature Grammars, Multimedia Indexing. 1. INTRODUCTION In the database literature, the problem of integrating information from heterogeneous sources has received a lot of attention (see [6, 5, 3, 16, 18, 12] for examples) Current approaches to the problem imply either explicit or implicit three tier architectures: wrappers provide access to source data, knowledge based mediators provide a global schema [13] or reference schema [15] whose instances are then queried as semi structured views [2] ....

K. D. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. L. Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--123. ACM Press, May 1998.

....be said to support this potentially useful activity. The citation model and the. 32) text mining model: A bot could go through the on line resources of a particular field and generate a citation index for the literature therein. ResearchIndex exemplifies this (Bollacker et al. 1998 [3]) 33) query model: the CD based version of Science Citation Index [18] allows query based exploration. 34) composition model: since hyperlinks are a kind of citation, see 28) The reuse model and the. 35) text mining model: have a Web bot mine for passages (e.g. sentences) ....

Bollacker, K., Lawrence, S., and Giles, C.L. CiteSeer: An autonomous Web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International ACM Conference on Autonomous Agents, ACM Press, 1998. (Cited in Sec. 4 item 32)

....rule based trees from typical thesauri. Experiments performed on small collections with a domain specific thesaurus show that the automatically constructed rules are more effective than hand made rules in terms of precision. 1. Introduction Many intelligent retrieval systems have been studied [2, 3, 8, 9, 12, 13]. However, only a few systems have been used in the real domains. There are several reasons why these systems are not really being used in the world. One of the main reasons is that some intelligent retrieval systems ignore much of the conceptual information that human beings have acquired by ....

Bollacker, K. D. Lawrence, S., and Giles, C. L. "CiteSeer: an autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications", In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, (Minneapolis, St. Paul, May 9-13, 1998), ACM New York, 116123.

....information. Tools like Yahoo (www.yahoo.com) and Alta Vista (www.altavista.com) traverse thousands of pages a day and provide several methods for accessing the information. Software agents perform more specific tasks; for example, CiteSeer retrieves and identifies publications from the Web [BLG98]. CWIC uses many of the same techniques as the crawlers and agents to identify and collect information from the Web, but we believe that alternative visual communication methods will broaden people s understanding of the Web. As such, we have tried to push the envelope and provide new ways to ....

K. D. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. L. Giles. CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications. In Proceedings of the 1998 Autonomous Agents Conference (Agents 98), pages 116-123, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1998.

.... to retrieve documents written by Johnson (since for the majority of computer science technical reports, the first page contains little more than author, title, date, and institution details) A more principled approach to extracting bibliographic information is embodied in the CiteSeer tool [1]. This software parses raw, unfielded academic documents and attempts to identify such indexing information as author, title, reference list, etc. Obviously such a tool cannot attain 100 accuracy over a heterogenous document collection, but in practice it appears useful in that it can make a good ....

Bollacker, K.D., S. Lawrence, and C.L.Giles, CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Minneapolis/St. Paul, May 9-13), 1998.

....as evinced by their attempts to use cataloguing information such as title or author in their keyword searches. We should be working towards capitalizing on this familiarity by focussing on soft parsing or heuristic techniques for extracting bibliographic information from uncatalogued documents [1]. ....

Bollacker, K.D,, Lawrence, S.,, Giles, C.L.: CiteSeer: an Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications. Proceedings of the Second International Conrerence on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, St. Paul, May 913, (1998).

....Amsterdam Frank.van.Harmelen cs.vu. nl The Semantic Web as the new habitat for agents Currently, the Web is the largest available environment for the deployment of agents, and much work in agent research is driven by Web based applications ( Luke et al. 1997, Joachims et al. 1997, Bollacker et al. 1998, Doorenbos et al. 1997] are just some examples; see also the May 2000 special issue of the Artificial Intelligence Journal on Intelligent Internet Systems, vol. 118, no 1 2) However, such applications of agent technology are hampered by the fact that the Web is not geared towards agent use, ....

Bollacker, K., Lawrence, S., and Giles, C. L. (1998). CiteSeer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Sycara, K. P. and Wooldridge, M., editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--123, New York. ACM Press.

....links between the literature that can be used for a number of purposes including literature search, evaluation, and the analysis of research trends. We are developing an autonomous citation indexing system that autonomously indexes the citations found in electronically available research papers [1]. Citations to a given paper can be presented in many different formats. The ability to recognize different forms of citations to the same paper, a task that is currently performed with manual assistance by human experts, is important to a citation indexing system. For example, the ability allows ....

....the citations. A critical component of an autonomous citation indexing system is the ability to recognize variant forms of citations. Details of machine learning techniques for this problem are de scribed in this paper. For an overview and details of the rest of our citation indexing system, see [1, 5]. 3 The Problem Citations to a given article can be made in significantly different formats. For example, the following citations, extracted from machine learning publications, are all to the same article: Rosenblatt F. 1961) Principles of Neurodynamics: Perceptrons and the Theory of Brain ....

Kurt Bollacker, Steve Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. CiteSeer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Katia P. Sycara and Michael Wooldridge, editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--123, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

....simply a classification into something kin to similar not similar or desirable not desirable class pairs, where similar (desirable) samples are retrieved. This method of query has found many uses in such applications as multi media database search [56] and scientific publication retrieval [14, 31]. 106 If the database is very large and extremely dynamic (e.g. the World Wide Web) then similarity based query is particularly useful. In this context, large amounts of new information are constantly entering and leaving the database, and so the groups of items classified into desirable and ....

Kurt D. Bollacker, Steve Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. CiteSeer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval andidentification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--123, May 1998. 138

....the web, called CiteSeer, along with several features that improve access to scientific literature. The purpose of this paper is to outline the CiteSeer project, to provide details of several aspects of the project not contained in the previous papers that focus on the citation indexing component [3, 13], and to encourage work on the CiteSeer project or related projects (the software and data from CiteSeer is available at no cost for non commercial use) 2 Related Work There are many freely available indices of scientific literature on the web, examples include the LANL e Print archive, NCSTRL, ....

....the distribution of references. We found that only 19.7 of references were to journal papers, while 30.3 were to conference papers, 18.0 were to books, and 32.0 were to technical reports, theses, and web pages. For details of the citation matching and citation indexing in CiteSeer see [3, 13]. For related research, see the Open Journal Project [15] and Cameron s [9] proposal of a universal, Internet based, bibliographic and citation database linking every scholarly work ever written . Note that CiteSeer has a general philosophy of investigating word insensitive algorithms before ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Kurt Bollacker, Steve Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. CiteSeer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Katia P. Sycara and Michael Wooldridge, editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--123, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

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K.D. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C.L. Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identication of interesting publications. In Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, USA (1998).

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BOLLACKER, K. D., LAWRENCE, S. and GILES, C. L. 1998. CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications. In Proceedings of 2nd International ACM Conference on Autonomous Agents. 116-123.

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K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. L. Giles. CiteSeer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--123, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

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Kurt Bollacker, Steve Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. CiteSeer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Katia P. Sycara and Michael Wooldridge, editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116-- 123, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

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Bollacker, K.D., Lawrence, S. and Giles, C.L. CiteSeer: an autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. in Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Minneapolis, MN, 1998), ACM Press, 116-123.

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K.D. Bollacker, S. Lawrence and C.L. Giles. "CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications," In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 116-123, 1998.

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Bollacker, K.D., Lawrence, S., and Giles, C.L. CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Minneapolis, MN, 1998.

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K.D. Bollacker, S. Lawrence and C.L. Giles. "CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications," In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 116-123, 1998.

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Bollacker, K.D., Lawrence, S., & Giles, C.L. (1998). CiteSeer: An Autonomous Web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, MN, 116-123.

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Bollacker, K. D., Lawrence, S., and Giles, C. L. CiteSeer: an autonomous Web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second Int'l Conference on Autonomous Agents, ACM New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, 116-123, May 9--13, 1998.

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K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, MN, 1998.

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K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. L. Giles. CiteSeer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identi cation of interesting publications. In K. P. Sycara and M. Wooldridge, editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116-123, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

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# Bollacker, K., S.Lawrence and L.Giles, CiteSeer: An autonomous Web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications, 2 nd International ACM conference on autonomous agents, ACM Press, 1998, 116-123

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K. D. Bollacker, S. L., and C. Lee Giles. CiteSeer: An Autonomous web Agent for Automatic Retrieval and Identification of Interesting Publications. in 2nd International ACM Conference on Autonomous Agents. 1998.

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K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. Giles. CiteSeer: An autonomous Web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In K. Sycara and M. Wooldridge, editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--123, New York, NY, USA, 1998. ACM Press.

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K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. L. Giles. CiteSeer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In K. P. Sycara and M. Wooldridge, editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--123, New York, 1998. ACM Press.

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Bollacker, K., S.Lawrence and L.Giles, CiteSeer: An autonomous Web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications, 2 nd International ACM conference on autonomous agents, ACM Press, 1998, 116-123

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Kurt Bollacker, Steve Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. CiteSeer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Katia P. Sycara and Michael Wooldridge, editors, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pages 116--123, New York, New York, USA, 1998. ACM Press.

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K.D. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C.L. Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identication of interesting publications. In Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, USA (1998).

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K. Bollacker, S. Lawrence, and C. Lee Giles. Citeseer: An autonomous web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Minneapolis, MN, 1998.

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