A. Wills. Capsules and Types in Fresco _ Program Verification in Smalltalk. Conf. Proc. ECOOP '91, Geneva, Switzerland. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 512, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. July 1991.

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Import is Not Inheritance - Why We Need Both: Modules and Classes - Szyperski (1992)   (33 citations)  (Correct)

....functions like Gamma within some library module and therefore by using import instead of inheritance. This does not solve the problem if one really wants to add a new feature to an existing class. For this kind of incremental modification a different concept, like the Capsules concept of Fresco [Wil91] is required. cf. section 4. Modula 90 [Ode90] mixes the concepts of modules and classes by having a single construct for both, but providing for two different relations among such class modules: Import and inheritance. While this solves the problems mentioned above, it adds a certain amount of ....

....on languages with static checking: Languages like Self [US87] or CLOS [DG87] delegate checks to run time and are not considered. However, even for Smalltalk, an untyped language geared towards rapid prototyping, the attempt has been made to add modules [WW88] or other additional structuring means [Wil91] Still, the message that modules are an orthogonal and quite useful construct in an object oriented language apparently has not yet reached sufficient audience. 4.1 Modules Modula 2 is perhaps the most popular language (almost by name) with a fully developed modularization concept. However, ....

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A. Wills. Capsules and Types in Fresco _ Program Verification in Smalltalk. Conf. Proc. ECOOP '91, Geneva, Switzerland. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 512, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. July 1991.

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