Houston, I. and King, S. 1991. CICS Project Report: Experiences and Results from the use of Z. In Proceedings of VDM'91, Vol. 551. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer-Verlag.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....of application areas in industry, although still in very few projects overall [8] Formal methods have been used to improve the qualityof software in a number of non safety critical areas. They have been shown to have the potential to both reduce the development cost (e.g. the IBM CICS project [67] where a saving of 9 in costs which runs into millions has been claimed) and to reduce the time to market (e.g. the inmos T800 transputer floating point unit [97] where a saving of 12 months development time is claimed) A notable example of the application of formal methods to a number ....

HOUSTON, I., and KING, S.: `CICS project report: experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM' in PREHN, S., and TOETENEL, W.J. (Eds.): `VDM '91, Formal Software Development Methods' (Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1991) 551,

....Keywords: Formal specification, natural language, tool support. TOOL SUPPORT FOR PRODUCTION USE OF FORMAL TECHNIQUES 1 Introduction The application of formal techniques offers many benefits, and there are certainly examples of the use of formal techniques in production development [2, 9, 11, 15, 21]. Yet, despite their popularity in academia and the claimed benefits, formal techniques are still not as widely used as they might be in commercial software development. Industrial authors have expressed frustration when trying to incorporate formal technologies into practical software ....

I. Houston and S. King. CICS Project Report: Experiences and Results from The Use Of Z In IBM. VDM '91. Formal Software Development Methods, Vol. 1: Conference Contribution. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 552, Springer Verlag, 588--596.

....of application areas in industry, although still in very few projects overall [6] Formal methods have been used to improve the qualityof software in a number of non safety critical areas. They have been shown to have the potential to both reduce the development cost (e.g. the IBM CICS project [59] where a saving of 9 in costs which runs into millions has been claimed) and to reduce the time to market (e.g. the inmos T800 transputer floating point unit [82] where a saving of 12 months development time is claimed) A notable example of the application of formal methods to a number ....

HOUSTON, I., and KING, S.: `CICS project report: experiences and results from the use ofZinIBM'in PREHN, S., and TOETENEL, W.J. (Eds.): `VDM '91, Formal Software Development Methods' (Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1991) 551,

....relevance. For instance, they have only small teams of highly trained research staff working on selected critical aspects of systems. What are the reasons for the failure of formal methods to achieve broader acceptance From our own experience and from our analysis of experience reports ([6, 14, 19], for instance) we believe that one major reason is that presently formal methods come with too broad a goal. Often, they aim at a superior and uncompromising methodological framework for the development of perfectly correct systems. They often presuppose idealized circumstances, and they have ....

I. Houston and S. King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In S. Prehn and W.J. Toetenel, editors, VDM'91 Formal Software Development Methods, volume 551 of LNCS, pages 588--596. Springer, 1991.

....Jonathan Bowen PRG TR 10 92 Delta Oxford University Computing Laboratory 11 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QD Select Z Bibliography Jonathan Bowen Abstract This document gives an up to date list of Z references. A version of this bibliography is due appear in the Proceedings of the Z User Workshop, York 1991, edited by John Nicholls, in the Springer Verlag Workshops in Computing series. Further copies of this Technical Report may be obtained from the Librarian, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Programming Research Group, 11 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, England (Telephone: 44 865 273837, ....

Iain S.C. Houston and Steve King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In S. Prehn and W.J. Toetenel, editors, VDM'91: Formal Software Development Methods, volume 551 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 588--596. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

....at IBM and elsewhere. The results were striking: very low levels of defects in the products, with no net loss and often a net gain in productivity [8] 3] IBM had just finished a substantial development project at Hursley using Z, in collaboration with its developers at Oxford University [5]. The project was a major new release of the CICS transaction processing system: 268,000 lines of new and modified code, of which 37,000 lines were specified and designed using Z and another 11,000 lines were partially specified in Z. For the parts produced using Z, IBM reported a higher ....

Iain Houston and Steve King. "CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM." In VDM '91: Formal Software Development Methods, pp. 588--596. Berlin: SpringerVerlag, 1991.

....relevance. For instance, they have only small teams of highly trained research staff working on selected critical aspects of systems. What are the reasons for the failure of formal methods to achieve broader acceptance From our own experience and from our analysis of experience reports ([4, 9, 13], for instance) we believe that one major reason is that presently formal methods come with too broad a goal. Often, they aim at a superior and uncompromising methodological framework for the development of perfectly correct systems. They often presuppose idealized circumstances, and they have ....

I. Houston and S. King. CICS Project Report: Experiences and Results from the Use of Z in IBM. In S.Prehn and W.J.Toetenel, editors, VDM'91 Formal Software Development Methods, volume 551 of LNCS, pages 588--596. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

....formal methods. Up until quite recently it has widely been considered infeasible to use formal techniques to verify software in an industrial setting. Now that a number of case studies and examples of real use are available, formal methods are becoming more acceptable in some industrial circles [19, 22, 24]. Some of the most notable of these are mentioned in [9] particularly those where a quantitative indication of the benefits gained have been published. 2.2 Modes of use Formal methods may be characterized at a number of levels of usage and these provide different levels of assurance for the ....

....be noted that despite the mathematical basis of formal methods, errors are still possible because of the fallibility of humans and, for mechanical verification, computers. However formal methods have been demonstrated to reduce errors (and even costs and time to market) if used appropriately [24, 30]. In general though, formal development does increase costs [10] For example, at the 1992 Z Users Meeting Andrew Bradley of British Aerospace reported the following typical productivity figures for different development approaches in terms of lines of code (LOC) per man year: Non safety critical ....

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Houston, I., King, S: CICS project report: experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In Prehn, S., Toetenel, W.J. (eds.): VDM '91, Formal Software Development Methods (Springer-Verlag, LNCS 551, 1991) pp. 588--603

.... [JGW85] In the VDM community the only work which is somewhat related is the specification of library components in a programming language [FKS94] However, there is a large number of industrial applications of formal methods, where only a part of the system has been formally specified (e.g. HK91] which could benefit from the approach presented in this paper. The idea about enabling tools to be dynamically extending the functionality has already been used in the programming language community [WS92] This concept is naturally a powerful feature which is desirable from a tool point of ....

Iain Houston and Steve King. CICS Project Report: Experiences and Results from the use of Z in IBM. In S. Prehn and W.J. Toetenel, editors, VDM'91 -- Formal Software Development Methods, pages 588--696. SpringerVerlag, October 1991.

.... [20] Another work in the VDM community which is somewhat related is the specification of library components in a programming language [11] However, there is a large number of industrial applications of formal methods, where only a part of the system has been formally specified (e.g. [15]) which could benefit from the approach presented in this paper. The idea of dynamically extending the functionality of a tool has already been used in the programming language community [24] This concept is naturally a powerful feature which is desirable from a tool point of view. 7 Concluding ....

Iain Houston and Steve King. CICS Project Report: Experiences and Results from the Use of Z in IBM. In S. Prehn and W.J. Toetenel, editors, VDM'91 -- Formal Software Development Methods, pages 588--696. Springer-Verlag, October 1991.

....Formal methods are beginning to be used in practice for industrial scale production. The success of huge and safety critical projects is proof of the applicability of formal methods in an industrial setting (see, e.g. INMOS T800 floating point chip [20] and IBM customer information control system [16] which won the Queen s Award for Technological Achievement, and also Darlinghton nuclear facility, Tektronix oscilloscopes, Hewlett Packard medical instruments, Airbus A330 340 cabin communication system) The survey [8] reports that the application of formal methods requires neither ....

I.S.C. Houston and S. King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In S. Prehn and W.J. Toetenel, editors, Proceedings of VDM'91:Formal Software Development Methods, LNCS 551, pages 588--596. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

....but at a higher level of description. Notable Examples CICS. Oxford University and IBM Hursley Laboratories collaborated in the 1980s on using Z to formalize part of IBM s Customer Information Control System, an on line transaction processing system with thousands of installations worldwide [Houston and King 1991]. Measurements taken by IBM throughout the development process indicated an overall improvement in the quality of the product, a reduction in the number of errors discovered, and earlier detection of errors found in the process. IBM also estimated a 9 reduction in the total development cost of ....

Houston, I. and King, S. 1991. CICS project report: Experiences and results from using Z. In Proc. of VDM'91: Formal Development Methods , Volume 551 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science (1991). Springer-Verlag.

....In many cases, they have only small teams of highly trained research staff working on selected critical aspects of systems. What are the reasons for the failure of formal methods to achieve mainstream acceptance From our own experience and from our analysis of experience reports [CGR93, HK91, SOF94] we are led to conclude that one major reasons is that the goals striven for are simply too ambitious. Very often, formal methods are designed to provide a complete and superior methodological framework for the development of correct systems from A to Z. They often presuppose ideal ....

I. Houston and S. King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In S. Prehn and W. J. Toetenel, editors, VDM'91 Formal Software Development Methods, volume 551 of LNCS, pages 588--596. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

.... algebraic techniques [49] In the second case an estimated 9 was saved in the development costs for part of the very large IBM CICS transaction processing system by using the Z notation to respecify the software, resulting in a reduction of errors and an increase in quality of the code produced [44, 56]. The fact that a number of formal methods projects have come in over budget is not evidence that they are more expensive, but rather that we are, as yet, inexperienced in estimating costs [13] A number of models have been produced for project cost and project development time estimation. By and ....

....who is already expert in the use of formal techniques. It appears to be very difficult to learn to use formal methods successfully without such help until sufficient local expertise has been built up to make this unnecessary. Examples where this has been the case include the IBM CICS project [44] and the Inmos T800 floating point unit for the Transputer [49] In the case of IBM, the formal methods experts spent months at a time on site. Training courses were set up and gradually a significant number of people at IBM became fluent in the application of formal techniques. Eventually a ....

Houston, I.S.C. & King, S.: CICS Project Report: Experiences and Results from the Use of Z in IBM. In Prehn S. & Toetenel, W.J. (eds.), VDM'91: Formal Software Development Methods, Springer-Verlag, LNCS 551, 1991, pp 588--596.

....are now a large number of projects that have been completed using this approach, and some reports published of the advantages and disadvantages of their use. One of the earliest, and best well known is the IBM CICS project, based on VDM (Collins, Nicholls and Sorenson, 1987; Nix and Collins, 1988; Houston and King, 1991). A book describing the results from a number of other projects is about to be published(Hinchley and Bowen) Since the 1980 s, more projects tend to use Z rather than VDM, and where distributed systems and concurrency are required, as for example in the communications industry, then they are more ....

Houston, I. and King, S. 1991. CICS Project Report: Experiences and Results from the use of Z. In Proceedings of VDM'91, Vol. 551. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer-Verlag.

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Houston, I. and King, S. 1991. CICS Project Report: Experiences and Results from the use of Z. In Proceedings of VDM'91, Vol. 551. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer-Verlag.

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I. S. C. Houston and S. King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In S. Prehn and W. J. Toetenel, editors, Formal software development methods (VDM '91) LNCS 551, pages 588--596, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Oct 1991. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

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I. S. C. Houston and S. King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In S. Prehn and W. J. Toetenel, editors, Formal software development methods (VDM '91) LNCS 551, pages 588--596, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Oct 1991. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

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Iain Houston and Steve King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In Prehn and Toetenel [PT91], pages 588--596.

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I. S. C. Houston and S. King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In Prehn and Toetenel [293], pages 588--596. Volume 1: Conference Contributions. Papers with relevance to Z include [13,29, 88, 108,132,174, 378, 385, 412]. See also [294].

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I.S.C. Houston and S. King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In S. Prehn and W.J. Toetenel, editors, Notes in Computer Science, pages 588--596. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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Houston, I.; and King, S.: CICS project report: Experiences and Results From the Use Of Z in IBM. In VDM '91, Formal Software Development Methods, vol. LNCS 551, pp. 558--603. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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I. Houston and S. King, "CICS project Report: Experiences and Results from the use of Z", VDM'91: Formal Software Development Methods", Vol. 551, pp. 588-96, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, December 1991.

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I. S. C. Houston and S. King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In Prehn and Toetenel [293], pages 588--596. Volume 1: Conference Contributions. Papers with relevance to Z include [13, 29, 88, 108, 132, 174, 378, 385, 412]. See also [294].

No context found.

I.S.C. Houston and S. King. CICS project report: Experiences and results from the use of Z in IBM. In S. Prehn and W.J. Toetenel, editors, VDM'91: Formal Software Development Methods, volume 551 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 588--596. Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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