O. G. Johnson, "Three-dimensional wave equation computations on vector computers, " Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 72, 1984.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....aggregation. In Swift, sets of storage servers work concurrently to satisfy the requests made by clients. Several concurrent I O architectures, such as Imprimis ArrayMaster [4] DataVault [5] CFS [6] RADD [7] and RAID [3, 8] are based on this observation. Mainframes [9, 10] and super computers [11] have also exploited this approach. Swift is a client server system made up of independently replaceable components. Clients are connected to sets of storage servers through an interconnection medium. Both the storage servers and the interconnection medium can be upgraded independently. The ....

....read 100 write Figure 10: Data rate with 16 kilobyte blocks varying read to write ratio. 18 5 Related Research The notion of disk striping was formally introduced by Salem and Garcia Molina [2] The technique, however, has been in use for many years in the I O subsystems of super computers [11] and high performance mainframe systems [9] Disk striping has also been used in some versions of the UNIX operating system as a means of improving swapping performance [2] To our knowledge, Swift is the first to use disk striping in a distributed environment, striping files over multiple servers ....

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O. G. Johnson, "Three-dimensional wave equation computations on vector computers," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 72, Jan. 1984.

....many (slow) storage devices into a faster logical service, making all applications unaware of this aggregation. Several concurrent I O architectures, such as Imprimis ArrayMaster [4] DataVault [5] CFS [6, 7] and Raid [3, 8] are based on this observation. Mainframes [9, 10] and super computers [11] have also exploited this approach. 1 Unix is a trademark of AT T Bell Laboratories 2 Distribution Agent . Storage Agents Storage Mediator Client Interconnection Medium Figure 1: Components of the Swift Architecture Swift is a distributed architecture made up of independently ....

....load. Simulation parameters: client request = 128 kilobytes, disk transfer unit = 4 kilobytes. 6 Related Research The notion of disk striping was formally introduced by Salem and Garcia Molina [2] The technique, however, has been in use for many years in the I O subsystems of super computers [11] and high performance mainframe systems [9] Disk striping has also been used in some versions of the Unix operating system as a means of improving swapping performance [2] To our knowledge, Swift is the first to use disk striping in a distributed environment, striping files over multiple ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

O. G. Johnson, "Three-dimensional wave equation computations on vector computers," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 72, Jan. 1984.

....spinning at 3600 RPM, with average rotational latency of 8.3ms, and average seek time of 12ms. 2 UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX Systems Laboratories Incorporated. 6 2. 2 RAID Overview File striping is an idea that has been used successfully in the supercomputing arena for several years [13] and has been formally discussed since 1986 [29] RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks) 27, 26, 14, 9] is a hardware solution to the high data rate problem accomplishing high data rates by striping data across multiple disk devices on a common bus architecture. RAID systems are simply ....

O. G. Johnson, "Three-dimensional wave equation computations on vector computers, " Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 72, 1984.

....once per simulated month. The most significant weakness in the distributed memory implementation is the treatment of I O, due to] file system maturity. ffl [BC93] A substantial part of this structural analysis application was involved in I O, moving substructures in and out of RAM. ffl [Joh84] A paper about three dimensional wave equation computations in seismic modeling. They describe their need for large memory and fast paging and I O in out ofcore solutions. They used 4 way parallel I O. They needed to transfer a 3 d matrix in and out of memory by rows, columns, and vertical ....

Olin G. Johnson. Three-dimensional wave equation computations on vector computers. Proceedings of the IEEE, 72(1):90--95, January 1984.

....processor speed, memory speed, and memory size have grown exponentially over the past few years [Bell84, Joy85, Moore75, Myers86] However, disk speeds have improved at a far slower rate. As a result, many applications are now limited by the speed of their disks rather than the power of their CPUs [Agrawal84, Johnson84]. As improvements in processor and memory speeds continue to outstrip improvements in disk speeds, more and more applications will become I O limited. One way to increase the data rate (bytes transferred per second) and the I O rate (I O requests per second) from a file system is by distributing, ....

....but supports less concurrency in the workload; a large striping unit causes little parallelism but supports more concurrency in the workload. 3. Previous Work Disk striping is not a new concept Cray Research has been striping files over multiple disks for many years to increase data rate [Johnson84]. However, with the proliferation of smaller diameter disk drives, striping over many disk drives could provide order of magnitude benefits in performance cost, capacity cost, power, and volume [Patterson88] As a result, disk striping research has increased dramatically over the past few years. ....

O.G. Johnson, "Three-dimensional wave equation computations on vector computers," Proc. IEEE, vol. 72, January 1984.

....devices into a faster logical storage service, making all applications unaware of this aggregation. Several concurrent I O architectures, such as Imprimis ArrayMaster [4] DataVault [5] CFS [6,7] RADD [8] and RAID [3,9] are based on this observation. Mainframes [10,11] and super computers [12] have also exploited this approach. Swift is a client server distributed architecture made up of independently replaceable components. The advantage of this modular approach is that any component that limits the performance can either be replaced by a faster component when it becomes available or ....

....100 write Figure 8: 200 MIPS: Fraction of processor used with 16384 byte blocks. spare capacity. 6 Related Research The notion of disk striping was formally introduced by Salem and Garcia Molina [2] The technique, however, has been in use for many years in the I O subsystems of super computers [12] and high performance mainframe systems [10] Disk striping has also been used in some versions of the UNIX operating system as a means of improving swapping performance [2] To our knowledge, Swift is the first to use disk striping in a distributed environment, striping files over multiple ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

O. G. Johnson, "Three-dimensional wave equation computations on vector computers," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 72, Jan. 1984.

....larger, more expensive predecessors. The trend toward smaller, less expensive disks creates an opportunity to combine many of these disk into a parallel storage system known as a disk array. The concept of constructing an array of multiple disks has been used for many years for special purposes [Johnson84] but is only now becoming popular for general use. The list of companies developing or marketing disk arrays is quite long: Array Technology, Auspex, Ciprico, Compaq, Cray, Datamax, Hewlett Packard, IBM, Imprimis, Intel Scientific, Intellistor, Maximum Strategy, Pacstor, SF2, Storage Concepts, ....

O. G. Johnson, "Three-Dimensional Wave Equation Computations on Vector Computers", Proceedings of the IEEE 72, 1 (January 1984).

....file system. The idea of using striping to improve data transfer bandwidth is not a new one. It s often used to improve the performance of disk subsystems by striping data across multiple disks attached to the same computer. Mainframes and supercomputers have used striped disks for quite a while [Johnson84]. The term disk striping was first defined by Salem and Garcia Molina in 1986 [Salem86] More recently there has been lots of interest in arrays of many small disks, originating with the paper by Patterson et al. in 1988 [Patterson88] All of this work focuses on aggregating several relatively ....

O. G. Johnson, "Three-dimensional wave equation computations on vector computers", Proceedings of the IEEE 72 (January 1984).

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O. G. Johnson, "Three-dimensional wave equation computations on vector computers, " Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 72, 1984.

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