| Goldman, Maurice, Quantum Description of HighResolution NMR in Liquids, Clarendon Press (1988). |
.... rotational averaging, which reduces dipole dipole coupling to a second order effect[4] This fact enables us to work with a reduced density matrix D of size 2 n , where n is the number of spin 1=2 nuclei in the molecule, rather than 2 N where N is the total number of such spins in the sample[5]. It is also customary in NMR spectroscopy to shift the reduced density matrix by subtraction of 2 Gamman times the trace of the equilibrium reduced density matrix, since only the traceless part undergoes unitary evolution, and to scale it to have integral elements[6] In the next paragraph, we ....
Goldman, Maurice, Quantum Description of HighResolution NMR in Liquids, Clarendon Press (1988).
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