Sproull, Lee and Sara Kiesler. (1986). "Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication." Management Science, 32: 11,1492-1512.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....cognition (for a more detailed overview on KM technologies see [13] According to these organizational aspects centralized KM architectures must: create and enable communication within formal and informal groups and communities. On line interaction processes in terms of social contextual cues [26] are en abled by a large variety of tools. Indeed also through virtual communities and group ware applications individuals interact among each others and produce their raw peripheral knowledge; collect raw peripheral knowledge through workers participation. They can contribute to create ....

L. Sproull and S. Kiesler. Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication. Irene Greif (Eds.), Computer Supported Cooperative Work: A Book of Readings, San Mateo CA, Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 1988.

....in the group. Because CMC is text based, it cannot transfer this kind of information within the social interaction and therefore impression formation is retarded. As a result, it is not likely that social relationships will emerge. This, in turn, hampers the creation of a social space [19] [20] [21] 22] Furthermore, if individuating impressions cannot be developed, the resulting communication behavior may negatively influence communication activities. Indeed, past research has characterized CMC as impersonal, unfriendly, task oriented, anonymous and sometimes even leading to ....

Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication. Management Science, 32, 1492- 1512.

.... Media difference research argues that asynchronous communication differs from face to face communication in ways that follow directly from the absence of non verbal information afforded by gaze and gesture, so that asynchronous conversations are more ambiguous [5] less socially inhibited [28], and show different grounding processes [4] By emphasising media differences, such work tended to ignore other crucial aspects of asynchronous communication such as the fact that communications are permanent: that they extend across time [16,31] and that they are multi threaded [9] One aim of ....

Sproull, L. and Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing social context cues: electronic mail in organizational communication. Management Science, 32, 1492-1512.

....with e mails due to the misuse of cc facility. They argued that weak social cues did not provide sufficient context for senders to regulate their behaviour properly. Social context influences information exchange through perception, cognitive interpretation and communication behaviour (Sproull and Kiesler, 1988). Senders and receivers must first perceive the social context of the communication, through both static (e.g. peoples appearance) and dynamic cues (e.g. non verbal behaviour such as gestures and facial expressions) Social barriers such as status difference will not constrain communication if ....

Sproull, L. and Kiesler, S., (1988) 'Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication', in Greif, I. (ed.), Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: A Book of Readings, Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc., San Mateo, CA, pp. 683-712.

....virtual contact . These different modes of interaction and the different representations of people and artefacts may have a significant impact on experiences within the information space. Modalities afforded by wearable computers offer other possibilities (Rahlff, et al. this volume) Some e.g. [14, 15] suggest that textual or audio communication, because it lacks the cues of the real world, will be depersonalised and antagonistic compared to co present communication. Whereas others put more emphasis on places and their influence on our behaviour, and the ways in which different virtual ....

Sproull, L. and S. Kiesler, Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organisational Communication, in Computer Supported Co-operative Work: a Book of Readings. 1988, Morgan Kaufmann: San Mateo, California.

....(Lea and Spears 1995) 15 The Net s relative lack of social richness can foster contact with more diverse others. The lack of social and physical cues on line makes it difficult to find out if another Net member has similar social characteristics or attractive physical characteristics (Sproull and Kiesler 1986), and Net norms discourage asking outright if someone is high or low status, handsome or ugly. As one pooch in a New Yorker cartoon says to another, On the Internet, nobody knows if you re a dog. Thus the Net s lack of in person involvement can give participants more control over the timing and ....

Sproull, Lee and Sara Kiesler. 1986. Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication. Management Science 32: 1492-1512.

....conversations are the richest medium and thus easily accommodate equivocal messages while written messages are more rigid and convey less information. Thirdly, the media reduce social context cues, such as the place and time of the communications and the name, age, sex and title of the partners [24]. In case of electronic mail, people often send messages to those they do not know. Because of this, individuals tend to push their ideas in a stronger manner than they necessarily would in a face toface scenario. Owing to the characteristics of electronic media, communications can sometimes ....

....some criteria to decide something, right The criterion that everyone understands is finally only technologically good or bad. The characteristics of electronic media, in turn, favor the rational decision making. The reduction of social context cues by electronic media equalizes participants [24]: Even a CEO and a high school student can have the same presence. The authority does not work in this situation. In addition, computer mediated communication is inherently impersonal and prompts task oriented and focused exchanges [11] Accordingly emotional or authoritative factors are precluded ....

Sproull, L. S. and Kiesler, S. Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication, Management Science, 32(11), 1986, 1492-1512

....to all group members. The provision of anonymity in the intergroup communications allows members to submit ideas without revealing their identity, and, as the literature has shown, this increases not only the task focus of the meeting (Poole et al. 1991) but also the equality of participation (Sproull and Kiesler, 1986). When, on the other hand, the culture is group oriented, the use of a GSS that incorporates anonymous communications can have dysfunctional effects, as illustrated by a study undertaken in Singapore and the USA (Watson et al. 1994) In this study, it was found that some features of GSS were not ....

Sproull, L. and Kiesler, S. (1986) Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organisational Communication, Management Science, 32, 11, 1492-1512.

....to all group members. The provision of anonymity in the intergroup communications allows members to submit ideas without revealing their identity, but, as the literature has shown, this increases not only the task focus of the meeting (Poole et al. 1991) but also the equality of participation (Sproull and Kiesler, 1986). When, on the other hand, the culture is group oriented, the use of a GSS that incorporates anonymous communications can have dysfunctional effects, as illustrated by a study undertaken in Singapore and the USA (Watson et al. 1994) In this study, it was found that some features of GSS were not ....

Sproull, L. and Kiesler, S. (1986) Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organisational Communication, Management Science, 32, 11, 1492-1512.

.... 1976) Ten years later, the American sociologists Sproull and Kiesler carried this idea a stage further by stating that CMC lacks the specifically relational features (social cues) which enable interactors to identify correctly the kind of interpersonal situations they find themselves in (Sproull Kiesler, 1986). Sproull and Kiesler concluded from this that CMC occurs in a social vacuum where the personal identities of subjects tend to fade and vanish (Sproull Kiesler, 1991) The most important consequences of this are that: CMC subjects tend to express themselves more openly and freely: People ....

Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 37, 157-187.

....them to make decisions and operate autonomously. Other researchers emphasize the effect of new technology on the organization. For example, Barley (1986) showed how the introduction of identical CT scanners resulted in different organizational structures in two Radiology departments. Studies by Sproull and Kiesler (1986) and Eveland and Bikson (1988) both found that the introduction of electronic mail changed the nature of communication within the organization, affecting both the organizational structure and the actual information conveyed. These studies analyze human behavior at the organizational level: Some ....

Sproull, L. & Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication. Management Science, 32(11), 1492-1512.

....structure and culture. Previous studies of the use of e mail in organizations indicates that e mail not only speeds up communication within organizations, it also changes the distribution of information, expanding the size and scope of organizational networks (McKenney, 1986; Rice, 1982; Sproull Kiesler, 1986). Similar effects are expected in organizations using the Internet and or an intranet. Expanding electronic networks have impacts beyond changing organizational information flows and gathering procedures. Zmud (1990) suggests that changing information processing behaviours will lead to real ....

Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. (1986). "Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication." Management Science, 32 (11), 1492-1512.

....from the political and social contexts with which they interact. This approach is rooted in an interpretative framework and is reflected in work such as that of Weick and Meader (1993) who suggest that organizations are enacted and that information is selected and retained to construct meaning. Sproull and Kiesler (1986) made some progress in 13 developing a model (Figure 4) which highlights the importance of perception and interpretation in the communication process. However, the model still lacks the interactions needed to express the mutual influences of context, communication and outcome. Moreover, its ....

Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication. Management Science, 32(11), 1492-1512.

.... Communication Problems Electronic mail provides a rich source of data about the effects of group support systems, partially because its use is now so widespread. Because of its simplicity, many users overlook the radical changes it can bring to organisational behaviour. However, various studies [5 9] have revealed the extent of these effects. It is from such studies that we draw our analysis. 2.1. Advantages of Email Email has a number of obvious advantages over other forms of communication: message delivery is fast, even compared to the telephone, as there is no need for both parties to ....

....conflict than other forms of communication. 2.2. Conflictual features of email There are a number of important features of email that contribute to miscommunication: lack of status cues: email messages do not convey the status of the sender, nor the social context in which the message is sent [5]. isolation from audience: Kiesler et al. 11] point out that email fails to provide individuating details about people that might be embodied in their dress, location, demeanour, and expressiveness . Worse still, mailing lists give no indication of the range or number of people on them. ....

L. Sproull and S. Kiesler, Reducing social context cues: electronic mail in organizational communication. Management Science, 1986. 32: p. 1492-1512.

....communication. As yet, there is little detailed understanding of the individual factors involved, nor any proven ways for overcoming CMC s deficiencies in practice. Some of the shortcomings have been attributed to the absence of familiar contextual cues, and the general lack of social presence (Sproull Kiesler, 1986). Other possible factors cited include the extra cognitive load imposed by the use of technology (Kiesler, Zubrow, Moses Geller, 1985) The form of communication available to the group is an important influence on usability in synchronous computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) Face to face ....

Sproull, L. & Kiesler, S. (1986), "Reducing social context cues: electronic mail in organisational communication", Management Science, 32(11), pp. 1492-1512.

No context found.

Sproull, Lee and Sara Kiesler. (1986). "Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication." Management Science, 32: 11,1492-1512.

No context found.

Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication. Management Science, 32, 1492-- 1512.

No context found.

L. Sproull and S. Kiesler. Reducing social context cues: electronic mail in organizational communication. Manage. Sci., 32(11):1492--1512, 1986.

No context found.

Sproull, L. and Kiesler, S. Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication, Management Science, 32, 11, (November 1986), 1492- 1512.

No context found.

Sproull, L. & Kiesler, S. 1986. Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication . Management Science. 32, 1492-1513.

No context found.

Sproull L. and Kiesler S. (1986) Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organisational communication, Management Science, 32(11), 1492-1512.

No context found.

Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S. (1986). Reducing Social Context Cues: Electronic Mail in Organizational Communication. Management Science, 32, 1492-1512.

No context found.

L. Sproull and S. Kiesler, Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 37 (1986) 157-187.

No context found.

L. Sproull and S. Kiesler, Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication, Management Science 32 (1986) 1492-1512.

No context found.

Sproull, L., & Kiesler, S., Reducing social context cues: Electronic mail in organizational communication. Management Science, 32, 1986, 1492-1512.

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