Kurlander, D. Graphical Editing by Example, Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, Department of Computer Science, July 1993.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....task is performed by giving a demonstration. Then the system generalizes the data and flow of control implied in the demonstration so that it can be applied for future repetitive tasks. PBD techniques have been explored in customizing single user graphics editors by researchers such as Kurlander [21]. Such research results have shown great promise in achieving deep customization without recoding the original tools [5, 29] However, to the best of our knowledge, PBD has largely not been considered in customizing groupware tools such as shared whiteboards. End user customization by ....

....In graphics editors (e.g. Adobe Illustrator) object relationships have been traditionally limited to identical changes , i.e. objects grouped together react the same way to operations such as translation, rotation, delete, recolor, and resize. Researchers, e.g. Borning et al. 3] Kurlander[21], Igarashi et al. 20] explored constraint based techniques in graph drawing systems for the purposes, among others, of beatification. For example, two lines the distance between which is within a threshold are automatically connected. Demonstrational approaches have been explored to allow for ....

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D. J. Kurlander. Graphical Editing by Example. PhD thesis, Columbia University, Computer Science Department, July 1993.

....the program . This solution is not acceptable considering that the intended users of SILK are user interface designers who generally do not have programming experience. We may be able to solve this problem by combining PBD techniques with visual languages as in the Pursuit [13] and Chimera [11] systems. We are especially interested in using a visual notation that is made directly on the interface whose behavior is being described. Marks or symbols layered on top of the interface are used for feedback indicating graphical constraints in Briar [5] and Rockit [10] In Rockit, the marks ....

Kurlander, D. Graphical Editing by Example, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, July 1993.

....what macros were designed to avoid. The users would appreciate a tool for editing a 6 macro which would not require them to look at the code representing their actions or the details of the implementation of the macro. A new methodology for editing a macro, using editable graphical histories [Kurlander 93] provides a way to modify a macro without exposing the user to its code. A graphical history, or storyboard, is a collection of snapshots of the screen after each step of the user s definition of a macro. The storyboard is therefore a visual, rather than textual, representation of the user s ....

....comfortable with the visual transformations of objects on the screen than with code manipulations, the user may perform the desired editing quicker and with fewer mistakes. Presently, research is conducted on implementing the editable graphical histories. For example, Chimera, by David Kurlander [Kurlander 93] allows partial editing of the storyboards. In this thesis, I will outline the issues and complications of designing and implementing editable storyboards. I will also describe two features for editing storyboards that I have implemented for Henry Lieberman s graphical editor Mondrian [Lieberman ....

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Kurlander, David. Graphical Editing By Example. PhD thesis, Columbia University, April, 1993.

....objects, or geoms: distance between a point and a point, line, or plane; distance between a line and a circle; and angle between a pair of vectors. These constraints are tied to the geometric degrees of freedom analysis performed in Kramer s underlying solver (see Section 2.4. 5) Chimera [91, 93] not only supports drawing constrained figures, but also provides a constraint inference engine. Kurlander s system permits the constraints shown in Table 2.2. Like GCE, the constraints supported by Chimera are directly related to a solving technique characterized by reasoning about ....

....system [81] all provide one way constraint solvers for relating the components in a widget hierarchy. Bramble [54] is the toolkit with which the Briar (see Section 2.3.1) drawing editor is implemented. Other constraint based interactive systems have been used for graphical search and replace [92, 93], curve manipulation independent of representation [46] and color management for windowing interfaces [96] 2.3.6 Summary of application domains As Table 2.1 shows, the kinds of constraints supported by different systems within an application domain vary widely. The similarities that do exist ....

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David Joshua Kurlander. Graphical Editing by Example. PhD thesis, Columbia University, July 1993. http://www.research.microsoft.com/djk/chimera/ chimera.htm.

....space is to only show relevant changes to the screens, instead of the entire screens. In the rotation example (see Figure 4 1) the second storyboard screen might only show the rotated rectangle without the palette, window, or button. This is similar to some of the techniques used in Chimera [Kurlander 1993] and systems based on graphical rewrite rules. Another way to conserve storyboard space is to try to compress multiple changes into a single screen. The Pursuit [Modugno 1995] system uses such techniques. Something similar could be implemented in SILK if arrows were drawn not just to the next ....

....1995] More complete surveys of visual languages can be found in [Chang 1986; Chang 1987; Shu 1988; Myers 1990b] 7.7. BEHAVIORAL SPECIFICATIONS 127 7.7 Behavioral Specifications SILK s storyboarding mechanism is based on specifying screen shots from before and after an end user action. Chimera [Kurlander 1993] and Pursuit [Modugno 1993; Modugno 1995] are both based on the before and after cartoon strip metaphor. SILK differs in that it allows the designer to specify what these actions are, rather than trying to infer this information from examples, as is done in Chimera and Pursuit. These systems are ....

David Kurlander. Graphical Editing by Example. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, NewYork. 1993.

....inferencing, we encounters two major problems: 1. it requires a more abstract graphical vocabulary than the cases themselves; and 2. it requires the user to abstract and generalize a case so that the demonstration applies to other cases also. Concerning problem (1) David J. Kurlander writes in [4], p. 168: If the number of generalizations known by the system is large, then the graphical vocabulary must also be large. Unless the same graphical conventions are used by the system during normal editing, the user would need to learn a new visual language in order to define macros. For this ....

....by the system is large, then the graphical vocabulary must also be large. Unless the same graphical conventions are used by the system during normal editing, the user would need to learn a new visual language in order to define macros. For this reason, many systems such as Kurlander s Chimera [4] and Halbert s SmallStar [3] depict generalizations by using textual annotations along with the particular case demonstrated by the user. However, such a solution still requires the user to interpret a more complicated textual graphical vocabulary. Concerning problem (2) David C. Smith writes in ....

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D. J. Kurlander. Graphical Editing by Example. PhD thesis, Columbia University, July 1993.

....space is to only show relevant changes to the screens, instead of the entire screens. In the rotation example (see Figure 1) the second storyboard screen might only show the rotated rectangle without the palette, window, or button. This is similar to some of the techniques used in Chimera [11] and systems based on graphical rewrite rules. Another way to conserve storyboard space is to try to compress multiple changes into a single screen. The Pursuit [13] system uses similar techniques. We could do that with our system if arrows were drawn not just to the next screen, but to the object ....

....Briar [6] and Rockit [9] In Rockit, the marks kept the user informed of the current inference of the system. SILK differs in that the designer makes the marks, rather than the system. Our storyboarding mechanism is based on specifying screen shots from before and after an enduser action. Chimera [11] and Pursuit [13] are both based on the before and after cartoon strip metaphor. SILK differs in that it allows the designer to specify what these actions are, rather than trying to infer this information from examples, as is done in Chimera and Pursuit. These systems are successful doing ....

Kurlander, D. Graphical Editing by Example, Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, July 1993.

....own to take advantage of certain features of the problem domain and to make learning from multiple examples a feasible approach to geometric constraint specification. We have implemented this technique as part of Chimera, a multi modal editor with support for editing graphics, interfaces, and text [Kurlander93]. Constraints can be inferred on both graphical and interface primitives. Our initial experience suggests that the snapshot approach, like declarative constraint specification, has its own set of strengths and weaknesses. These will be discussed later in the paper. In Section 2, we illustrate the ....

Kurlander, David. Graphical Editing by Example. Ph.D. Thesis. Columbia University. Computer Science. July 1993.

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Kurlander, D. Graphical Editing by Example, Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, Department of Computer Science, July 1993.

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