A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster (Eds.). 1989. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....way that suits the user s preferences. The user profile can hold information explicitly given by the user and information retrieved from the awareness agent, for example on documents that the user read or published. More detailed recommendations on how user profiles can be designed can be found in [14] and [9] Information retrieval services All the above services rely on information retrieval services. We consider information retrieval of any kind as a transfer of information between separate organizational memories (OM) 1] The consequence is loss of context. This loss of context is not a ....

A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster, editors. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer Verlag, London, 1989.

.... reduce the word error rate of a speaker independent system to about half, until the error rate of comparable recognizers that are trained in a speaker dependent fashion is matched [4] Outside the acoustic domain, other relatively static characteristics of users can be reflected in user models [5] that can lead to adaptation of dialogs or user interfaces. Such user models collect data on: knowledge of the user, to influence the amount of guidance provided; abilities of the user, to influence the choice of more or less complex input patterns by the system; misunderstandings exhibited by the ....

A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster, Eds., User Models in Dialog Systems, Springer, Berlin, 1989.

.... capabilities, expertise with computers, goals, intentions and expectations (Schneider Hufschmidt et al. 1993) This knowledge source is a user model and its appropriateness is crucial for user acceptance of the adaptive system as it represents the information that is the basis for adaptation (Kobsa and Wahlster, 1989). In most of the research prototypes illustrating different adaptive systems (Schneider Hufschmidt et al. 1993) Kobsa and Wahlster, 1989) Oppermann, 1994) a user model is built by classifying the user s expertise on the basis of his behavior and action patterns with the computer system for ....

.... a user model and its appropriateness is crucial for user acceptance of the adaptive system as it represents the information that is the basis for adaptation (Kobsa and Wahlster, 1989) In most of the research prototypes illustrating different adaptive systems (Schneider Hufschmidt et al. 1993) (Kobsa and Wahlster, 1989), Oppermann, 1994) a user model is built by classifying the user s expertise on the basis of his behavior and action patterns with the computer system for a particular task, or by querying the user. These user models are application domain specific and focus on providing adaptivity in various ....

Kobsa, A. and Wahlster, W., editors (1989). User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.

....is also a large variety of commercial interface building products available. Here too possibilities for flexible design are extremely limited. User modeling. User modeling is concerned with the acquisition and the use of user characteristics. It is a basic technology for many adaptive systems [15, 16]. Above all, user models are applied for the retrieval of appropriate information and for individual presentation [10] Tutoring, information systems and hypertext systems. Intelligent tutoring and information retrieval have contributed a large deal to methods of choosing dialog content and ....

A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster, editors. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer, New York, 1989.

....It is also important to consider the differences in users of VE applications when evaluating performance. This can be a significant factor in the performance of various techniques, because the designers of techniques often assume something implicitly about users. Work in the field of user modeling (Kobsa Wahlster, 1989) is quite relevant to this part of our framework. We are considering, among others, the following user characteristics: Age . Gender . Visual acuity . Height . Reach . Ability to fuse stereo images . Experience with VEs . Experience with computers . Technical non technical background ....

Kobsa, A. and Wahlster, W. (Eds.) (1989). User Models in Dialog Systems. Berlin, Springer.

....important to dialog processing, such as quantification, presuppositions, ellipsis, anaphoric reference, and user model. Examples of these dialog systems include [4] 6] 7] 10] 13] 14] 15] 16] 25] and [26] General issues in user modeling are discussed in the collections [17] and [18]. Developing a theory on the role or purpose of language has interested many researchers. As summarized in Allen [3] speech act theory was developed based on the realization that statements can do more than just make assertions about the world. The notion of speech acts was first introduced by ....

A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster, editors. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.

....been achieved. When the theorem prover notifies the dialog controller that the proof cannot be completed due to the absence of a required axiom, the dialog controller uses language to acquire the missing axiom. Dialog flexibility based on user knowledge is achieved by maintaining a user model (see [6]) that consists of axioms about the user that are available during the theorem proving process. The dialog controller uses language to acquire the missing axiom by computing a specification of the required utterance needed to get the user to verbally supply the missing axiom. For example, the ....

A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster, editors. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.

....could be easily transferred for an ontology implementation. In (Gruber 1993) a number of design principles for ontologies are introduced. We consider the shared ontology and the user agency the parts of our architecture, where most research still has to be done. The user agency Kobsa presents in (Kobsa Wahlster 1989) and in (Fink, Kobsa, Nill 1996) how user profiles can be designed and what possible applications are. We propose a user profile that is based on a stereotype. The stereotype is established in an initial user interview. From then on, the user profile is dynamically extended through observation ....

Kobsa, A., and Wahlster, W., eds. 1989. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer Verlag, London.

....It is also important to consider the differences in users of VE applications when evaluating performance. This can be a significant factor in the performance of various techniques, because the designers of techniques often assume something implicitly about users. Work in the field of user modeling (Kobsa Wahlster, 1989) is quite relevant to this part of our framework. We are considering, among others, the following user characteristics: Age Gender Visual acuity Height Reach Ability to fuse stereo images Experience with VEs Experience with computers Technical non technical background Spatial ....

Kobsa, A., Wahlster, W. (Eds.) (1989). User Models in Dialog Systems. Berlin, Springer.

....Similarly, the system can prune the why question about the method (e.g. Why are you prescribing Elavil ) because the answer to this question (e.g. to reduce the frequency of migraine attacks) has already been presented. The third factor used by the system in pruning questions is the user model [6]. In our patient education system, a model of the patient is constructed by a history taking module, which the patient interacts with before seeing the doctor. This model contains information about the patient s medical history and lifestyle, and this information is used to prune the candidate set ....

Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster. User Models in Dialog Systems. In Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors, User Models in Dialog Systems,pages 4--34. Springer-Verlag, Symbolic Computation Series, Berlin, 1989.

....the opportunity to view the system s user model and to directly propose changes to that model. Typically, user models have either been acquired implicitly (by inference) or explicitly (from some kind of interview process) and have changed on the basis of observation of the user (as discussed in Kobsa and Wahlster, 1989). The style of interaction which we have developed allows the user a more active role in the ongoing maintenance of the user model. Providing users with this role as an option, carefully administered so as not to overburden, is the best method of engaging the user, in our opinion. Other work ....

Kobsa, A., and Wahlster, W., eds. (1989). User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer-Verlag.

....system. The other, complementary way stems from the realization that until now, it has been the user that does all of the explicit modelling, and that perhaps we have reached a stage where the computer can be made to bear at least part of the burden of representation. Research in User Modelling [115, 116] takes this approach; the system should be able to acquire and exploit a model of the user. This dissertation focusses on the second approach. User guided theorem proving systems and diagnostic expert systems are obvious examples of tasks in which humans and computers collaborate to achieve a ....

Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

....until the necessary subgoals have been solved for an overall success. Accounting for user knowledge and abilities. Cooperative problem solving involves maintaining a dynamic profile of user knowledge, termed a user model. This concept is described for example in [ Kobsa and Wahlster, 1988 ] and [ Kobsa and Wahlster, 1989 ] Chin, 1989 ] Cohen and Jones, 1989 ] Finin, 1989 ] Lehman and Carbonell, 1989 ] Morik, 1989 ] and [ Paris, 1988 ] The user model specifies information needed for efficient interaction with the conversational partner. Its purpose is to indicate what needs to be said to ....

A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster, editors. User Models in Dialog Systems. SpringerVerlag, New York, 1989.

....linguistics community there has been much recent work on dialogue systems and on text generation. In both, user modelling issues have been shown to be important, allowing texts and dialogues to be tailored to the individual knowledge and goals. Many important papers in this area are included in [ Kobsa and Wahlster, 1989 ] Overlapping with this work, there has been much work on the development of intelligent help and advisory systems (often with an explanation component) where again user models have had an important role (e.g. Chin, 1989; Breuker et al. 1987; Chappel and Cahour, 1991; Hartley and Smith, ....

A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster, editors. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1989.

....with the system. If the user modelling system is not activated, the query will be sent directly to the database and output will be delivered to the user in a default format. The database retrieval system is the second system component. A user modelling component similar to that described in [Kobsa and Wahlster, 1989] will be the third component. When activated the user modelling component will be responsible for several basic functions. These functions start with getting input from the user. This input stimuli will be passed on to the database system but may be changed by the user modelling component in such ....

Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster (Eds). User Models in Dialog Systems, SpringerVerlag, Berlin, 1989

....System Intelligent Interface Parser for Multimodal Input Semantic and Pragmatic Evaluation Generator for Multimodal Output NL and Pointing Knowledge Base User Model Discourse Model 3. 2 USER MODELS AND DISCOURSE MODELS A reason for the current emphasis on user and discourse models [Wahlster86, Kobsa89] is the fact that such models are necessary prerequisites in order for a system to be capable of exhibiting a wide range of intelligent and cooperative dialogue behavior. Such models are required for identifying the objects to which the dialogue partner is referring, for analyzing a nonliteral ....

Kobsa, A., and Wahlster, W. (eds.), 1989. User Models in Dialog Systems. New York: Springer.

....the system should initiate an explicit acquisition phase. 6. Representation, Inference and Revision Issues of formal representation and reasoning did thus far not play an important role in the field of user modeling. With the exception of KL ONE like languages (which were used for instance by (Kobsa, 1985; Paris, 1989; Kobsa, 1990a; Kass, 1991) formal representations have hardly been employed. This situation changed recently due to increased representational and inferential demands that are imposed on user models. Currently investigated representations include the following: PROLOG (Finin, 1989; Eydner ....

A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster (1989): User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

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A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster (Eds.). 1989. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

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Alfred Kobsa. User models in dialog systems. In Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors, User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer, 1988.

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A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster, editors. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster (eds.). User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer Verlag, London, 1989.

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Alfred Kobsa and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors. User Models in DialogSystems. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1989.

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Kobsa, A., & Wahlster, W. (Eds.) (1989). User models in dialog systems. Berlin: SpringerVerlag.

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Kobsa, A., and Wahlster, W., eds. (1989). User Models in Dialog Systems. New York: Springer-Verlag.

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A. Kobsa and W. Wahlster, editors. User Models in Dialog Systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989. REFERENCES 51

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