Yen, J., Neches, R. & MacGregor, R. (1991). CLASP: Integrating term subsumption systems and production systems. IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3 (1), pp.25--32.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....one hypothesis has more specific evidence than the other, so that it can downgrade the certainty level of the other hypothesis. Specificity comparison is a commonly used heuristic for conflict resolution in AI (e.g. Delgrande Schaub 1994, Hunter 1994, Loui 1987, Loui et al. 1993, Poole 1991, Yen et al. 1991), although serious problems remain in coming up with adequate and practical heuristics. ATT Meta s specificity comparison depends on what facts H and H relie on and on derivability relationships between the hypotheses supporting H and H. More detail on the specificity comparison can be found ....

Yen, J., Neches, R. & MacGregor, R. (1991). CLASP: Integrating term subsumption systems and production systems. IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3 (1), pp.25--32.

.... (compute (obj (spec of factorial) of (5 7) double (obj 100) double number n 100 (multiply (obj 100) by 2) find (obj (set of (inst of seaport) of (inst of location) find (obj) of) find) with restrictions on fillers of the roles, resembling other approaches such as [ Yen , 1991 ] However, this kind of definition is not enough to represent EXPECT goal arguments. Besides instances, the types of goal arguments in EXPECT include concepts, extensional sets, and intensional sets. Using concepts as parameter types is useful to make goal expressions more explicit. For ....

J. Yen, R. Neches, and R. MacGregor. CLASP: Integrating term subsumption systems and production systems. , 3(1):25-32, 1991.

....They usually have an operational layer built on top of a purely declarative kernel or incorporate calls to the host language they are implemented in. These procedural enhancements are, nevertheless, not explicitly anchored in their formal specifications (e.g. the CLASP architecture in LOOM [33]) Object oriented programming languages, on the other hand, originally were developed for simulations of dynamic systems (as with Simula [9] and, hence, always stressed a tight coupling between data and operations. Encapsulation ensures that an object s internal data are only accessed via its ....

J. Yen, R. Neches, and R. MacGregor. CLASP: Integrating term subsumption systems and production systems. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3(1):25--32, 1991.

....MATS. Status: Fully implemented prototype. Impact: Enabling technology for automatic or interactive response to temporal patterns of events. 1 Introduction Terminological knowledge representation (tkr) systems are used to represent and reason with conceptual knowledge in many application areas [21, 2, 22, 6, 9, 17]. However, the applicability of contemporary tkr systems is limited by restrictions on both their representation language and their inferences [8] Our work extends the scope and utility of tkr by representing complex constraint networks in a terminological framework, and by extending the range ....

....[19] but powerful heuristics are available. We have a sound and complete algorithm that decides whether one QME network N1 subsumes another (more precisely, it is complete to the extent that network completion is complete) Similar to an existing algorithm for production rule subsumption [22], our algorithm integrates constraint satisfaction techniques with tkr subsumption and subsumption of QME constraints. In the case of a network concept and a network instance, a subsumption mapping is also constructed. However, trex tests that the nodes of the network concept are instantiated by ....

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J. Yen, R. Neches, and R. MacGregor. Clasp: Integrating term subsumption systems and production systems. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3(1):25--31, March 1991.

....If the backtracking process is exhausted without finding a suitable mapping, return false. T REX currently implements this algorithm, which is sound, and complete to the extent that constraint propagation on T2 is complete. Similar to an existing algorithm for production rule subsumption [ Yen et al. 1991 ] it employs well known CSP techniques. CSP has been widely studied, and improvements are possi In Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proc. of the Third Intl. Conf. KR 92) 5 PLAN MAKE MEAT DISH MAKE MEAT MARINARA ASSEMBLE CHICKEN MARINARA ASSEMBLE S C M HEAT NOODLES ....

....subsumption which corresponds to ours. His work did not consider temporal constraint networks as first class entities, nor did he address either recognition or the notion of potential subsumption. In addition, an important development in reasoning with compositions of terminological concepts is [ Yen et al. 1991 ] which integrates TKR with a production system. Previous work on plan subsumption allowed plans that were either atemporal and used for plan synthesis [ Wellman, 1990 ] or restricted to the relationship of temporal sequence and used for information retrieval [ Devanbu and Litman, 1991 ] ....

J. Yen, R. Neches, and R. MacGregor. Clasp: Integrating term subsumption systems and production systems. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3(1):25--31, March 1991.

....static. They usually have an operational layer built on top of a purely declarative kernel or incorporate calls to the host language they are implemented in. These procedural enhancements are, nevertheless, not explicitly anchored in their formal specifications (cf. LOOM s CLASP architecture [32]) Object oriented programming languages, on the other hand, originally were developed for simulations of dynamic systems (cf. Simula [11] and, hence, always stressed a tight coupling between data and operations. Encapsulation ensures that an object s internal data are only accessed via its ....

J. Yen, R. Neches, and R. MacGregor. CLASP: Integrating term subsumption systems and production systems. IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3(1):25--32, 1991.

....If the backtracking process is exhausted without finding a suitable mapping, return false. T REX currently implements this algorithm, which is sound, and complete to the extent that constraint propagation on T2 is complete. Similar to an existing algorithm for production rule subsumption [Yen et al. 1991], it employs well known CSP techniques. CSP has been widely studied, and improvements are possible. The preliminary analysis that restricts a node s image to be one of its potential subsumees is an example of the node consistency technique. Many other powerful CSP methods such as those based on ....

....a definition of subsumption which corresponds to ours. His work did not consider temporal constraint networks as first class entities to be reasoned with in their own right, nor did he address either recognition or the notion of potential subsumption. 5.1. 3 Production Rules The CLASP system of [Yen et al. 1991] 7 is concerned in part with computing subsumption relationships among the antecedents of a set of production rules and classifying the rules accordingly. Besides being valuable from a knowledge engineering perspective, the rule taxonomy provides a principled basis for selecting rules to fire ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J. Yen, R. Neches, and R. MacGregor. Clasp: Integrating term subsumption systems and production systems. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3(1):25--31, March 1991.

.... marketing expertise [Apt e et al. 1992] software information retrieval [Devanbu et al. 1991] knowledge based presentation of multimedia information for equipment repair [Feiner and McKeown, 1990] and for equipment operation [Wahlster et al. 1993] conflict resolution in production systems [Yen et al. 1991], and system configuration [Owsnicki Klewe, 1988; Searls and Norton, 1990; Wright et al. 1993; Weida, 1996] k rep is currently being used in a clinical information system to represent medical knowledge, including drugs, treatments, and so on. That system is now in around the clock production use ....

....6.2 also shows a POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) plan and a subplan thereof. Devanbu and Litman, 1991] paraphrases the POTS plan as: Informally, Pots Plan describes a plan in which the caller picks up a phone, gets a dialtone, 3 Not to be confused with the homonymous clasp system of [ Yen et al. 1991 ] to be discussed in Section 6.5. 216 (DEFINE CONCEPT Action (PRIMITIVE (AND Classic Thing (AT LEAST 1 ACTOR) ALL ACTOR Agent) ALL PRECONDITION State) ALL ADD LIST State) ALL DELETE LIST State) ALL GOAL State) DEFINE CONCEPT System Act (AND Action (ALL ACTOR System Agent) ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J. Yen, R. Neches, and R. MacGregor. Clasp: Integrating term subsumption systems and production systems. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3(1):25--31, March 1991.

....would have the effect that any time an individual is recognized as a course on AI, it would be added to the concept BORING THING. Such rules were first mentioned in connection with the consul system [49] and have been heavily used in the loom system [47] as well as other recent systems such as [71] and classic, while their semantics has been clarified in [38] through the use of epistemic operators dealing with the knowledge of the system. They are less expressive than standard production rules because their antecedent is often only a single concept (rather than a relationship between ....

....of the system. They are less expressive than standard production rules because their antecedent is often only a single concept (rather than a relationship between individuals) but because of their treatment of incomplete information, rules based on DLs provide other advantages, including [71]: ffl classification applied to the antecedent (or even the consequent) of rules can be used to organize them into a hierarchy; this means that the system can help the programmer find closely related rules a frequent cause of errors in rule based programming; ffl classification can also ....

J. Yen, R. Neches, and R. MacGregor, "CLASP: integrating term subsumption systems and production systems", IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3(1), pp. 2532, March, 1991.

....select multiple methods so that the user can be informed about all warning situations. In this paper, we first describe our approach to address these difficulties based on an implemented production system, CLASP, that integrates methods, production rules, and terminological definitions for classes [3]. Next, we discuss the benefits of our approach regarding the maintainability of expert systems using a simple example. A comparison of our work with previous work in the area of integrating rulebased programming and object oriented programming follows. Finally, we summarize collateral research ....

.... and the action of a method may consist of free variables that are not in the argument list, applicable methods in CLASP are retrieved using a RETE style pattern matcher (CONCRETE) CONCRETE is integrated with LOOM s classifier for performing pattern matching based on the semantics of classes [3]. We will illustrate this using the method M1 in Figure 4. Suppose the system has been told about the following facts: John is a Successful father Angela is a child of John Angela has a car named Corolla 1 These facts do not directly match the condition of the method; however, they do match M1 ....

J. Yen, R. Neches, and R. MacGregor, "CLASP: Integrating term subsumption systems and production systems," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, , March 1991.

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