FIADEIRO, J., SERNADAS, C., MAIBAUM, T., SAAKE, G.: Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In Object-oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction. North-Holland, 1990.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....be actually used in any of these approaches with the advantage of objectiveness and high abstraction that helps to describe the object oriented paradigm in a clear and unified way. In this paper, we will build on the results of the categorical approach to data specifications as presented in [5] [7], 17] 18] 19] and [21] In these works, classes and database objects are basically represented as categorical objects, operations as arrows, generalization and specialization constructions as limits. For our purpose , we will use just the basic notions of CT as presented in [1] The paper is ....

....of reasoning about the database schema on a high level of abstraction. However, it is built on the view based data modeling which does not fit the context of the model proposed in the standard ODMG 93. Similar direction leading to an interesting abstraction of inheritance can be found in [3] and [7]. Their approach is more suitable for our purpose. We can summarize, that this work focuses on the structural character of objectoriented paradigm but does not consider the dynamic aspects. It also does not deal with the other properties such as the data encapsulation, static and dynamic ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

FIADEIRO, J., SERNADAS, C., MAIBAUM, T., SAAKE, G.: Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In Object-oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction. North-Holland, 1990.

....which they argue are essential for OO database systems. Parallel to this, a number of formalizations of OO models have been proposed, such as COL [1, 2, 3] F logic [33] HILOG [13] ILOG [29] IQL [4, 5] formalizations of 02 [36, 35] OBJ and related languages [20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 38] OBLOG [15, 19, 17, 43], and CMSL [50, 46] Beeri [9] gives a survey of some issues. Even though these papers are top down, there is not yet any root concept from which they develop their formalization of object orientation. The trees of possibilities they explore have different roots and are rapidly evolving into a ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In IFIP TC2 Working Conference on Database Semantics. North-Holland, 1990. To be published.

....language OBLOG is defined [8, 25] as a test bed for ideas on the formal specification of objects. In the same project, work on object specification semantics is done from a categorical perspective [10, 11] and on the development of a logic to reason about temporal and deontic properties of objects [12, 14]. This research covers a much wider area than the work done on CMSL. OBLOG has roughly the same capabilities as CMSL as far as the specification of static and dynamic object properties is concerned. Currently, it has no facility to specify roles. On the other hand, the view of attributes in the ....

....work on an operational semantics for CMSL , and on the definition of a modal logic in which events are modal operators, and which is equivalent to the translation of an object specification into equational logic which we now use. Related work in this area is done by Fiadeiro, Golshani, and Maibaum [13, 17,14], but we will use a slightly different approach which starts from dynamic logic [23, 26] We hope this will allow us to add the capability to specify deontic constraints to CMSL. Acknowledgements: This research was partly conducted under the supervision of Prof. R.P. van de Riet. Paul Spruit and ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake, Proof-Theoretic Semantics of ObjectOriented Specification Constructs, To be published, IFIP TC2 Working Conference on Database Semantics, Windermere, U.K. (2-6 july 1990).

....Despite the popularity of category theory in some fields of computing science, not many applications in the field of information systems can be found in the literature. Recently, however, it seems that this is changing. Categorical formalizations of (aspects of) object orientation (see e.g. ES91, FSMS91, CSS94] object oriented data models (see e.g. Sie90, Tui94] ER (see e.g. DJM92] and the Relational Model (see e.g. IP94, BSW94] have been proposed. In [SFMS89] a categorical framework for the axiomatization of conceptual modeling concepts is described (based on the notion of ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In R. Meersman, W. Kent, and S. Khosla, editors, Object-oriented databases: analysis, design and construction, pages 243-- 284, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991. North-Holland.

....model has the property of being the minimal model that satisfies the description and then is initial in its category. The problem is then how to translate the categorical notion of iniciality to the modal logic. There are some articles that link categories and temporal logic, one example is [Fiadeiro, J. et al. 1991]. 5. APPLICATION EXAMPLES This section will be devoted to the application of the new formal methods for design analysis discussed in the previous sections. We will comment two examples. One example shows a general method of how to detect the incorrect use of an interface module. The other was ....

Fiadeiro, J., Sernadas, C., Maibaum, T., and Saake, G. 1991. Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In K. Kent and Meersman (Eds.), Object-Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction.

....is used to study general issues like object generalization and aggregation in a unified framework. Our approach in CMSL is more simplistic and tries to get as far as possible within the initial algebra framework, extending it where necessary with work done in process algebra [5] Fiadeiro et al. [15, 14] extend this framework with the capability to specify normative behavior of objects, and to prove properties of objects in temporal logic. We ignore deontic aspects in this paper, but plan to add them later in the context of dynamic logic [26, 35] In section 2 of this paper we introduce some of ....

Fiadeiro, J., Sernadas, C., Maibaum, T., and Saake, G., Proof-Theoretic Semantics of ObjectOriented Specification Constructs, To be published, IFIP TC2 Working Conference on Database Semantics, Windermere, U.K. (2-6 july 1990).

....Despite the popularity of category theory in some fields of computing science, not many applications in the field of information systems can be found in the literature. Recently, however, it seems that this is changing. Categorical formalizations of (aspects of) object orientation (see e.g. ES91, FSMS91, CSS94] object oriented data models (see e.g. Sie90, Tui94] ER (see e.g. DJM92] and the Relational Model (see e.g. IP94, BSW94] have been proposed. In [SFMS89] a categorical framework for the axiomatization of conceptual modeling concepts is described (based on the notion of ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In R. Meersman, W. Kent, and S. Khosla, editors, Object-oriented databases: analysis, design and construction, pages 243--284, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991. North-Holland.

.... similar to (but not the same as) the concept of trace (sequence of events) introduced in Oblog [32] The requirements for safety (the conditions permitting event occurring) attribute valuation (the effect of events upon object attributes) and liveness (the conditions for triggering events) [9,26] in Oblog are also captured in the building blocks (constructs) of the activity model. For instance, we may specify safety requirement in the precondition, valuation in the postcondition, and liveness in the form of initiation conditions or through the local and global constraints specification of ....

Fiadeiro J., Sernadas C., Maibaum T., and Saake G., Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In: Object-oriented Databases: Analysis, Design & Construction (DS-4), Meersman R., Kent W., and Khosla S. (ed.) (North-Holland, 1991) pp243-284.

....Despite the popularity of category theory in some fields of computing science, not many applications in the field of information systems can be found in the literature. Recently, however, it seems that this is changing. Categorical formalizations of (aspects of) object orientation (see e.g. ES91, FSMS91, CSS94] object oriented data models (see e.g. Sie90, Tui94] ER (see e.g. DJM92] and the Relational Model (see e.g. IP94, BSW94] have been proposed. In [SFMS89] a categorical framework for the axiomatization of conceptual modeling concepts is described (based on the notion of ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In R. Meersman, W. Kent, and S. Khosla, editors, Object-oriented databases: analysis, design and construction, pages 243--284, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991. North-Holland.

....Despite the popularity of category theory in some fields of computing science, not many applications in the field of information systems can be found in the literature. Recently, however, it seems that this is changing. Categorical formalizations of (aspects of) object orientation (see e.g. ES91, FSMS91, CSS94] object oriented data models (see e.g. Sie90, Tui94] ER (see e.g. DJM92] and the Relational Model (see e.g. IP94, BSW94] have been proposed. In [SFMS89] a categorical framework for the axiomatization of conceptual modeling concepts is described (based on the notion of ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In R. Meersman, W. Kent, and S. Khosla, editors, Object-oriented databases: analysis, design and construction, pages 243-- 284, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1991. North-Holland.

....extra stuff) This structuring is used to order the axioms of the lift. Lights are illuminated by pressing the buttons; therefore one might expect the axiom [press i ]lit i , which says that after the ith button is pressed the ith light comes on. This is an axiom in modal action logic; see e.g. [4, 1, 10] for further details. It is also true about lifts that the lights are off whenever the lift is at the relevant floor, even if the button for that floor has just been pressed. Thus: fl i :lit i . These axioms conflict, so which is right The answer of course is that both are right; press i ]lit ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-theoretic semantics of objectoriented specification constructs. In Objectoriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction. North-Holland, 1990.

....to small and structured proofs that are easy to manage. 1 Introduction Object orientation is helpful for conceptual modeling and development of software systems [RBP 91, Jac92, CAB 94, Boo94, SM92] Only few approaches, however, are based on a formal framework, among them [SSE87, SE90, FSMS90, Wie90, SF91, KS91, Jun93, JSHS95] In this paper, we investigate the certification aspects of object oriented conceptual model specifications by proving assertions about the specifications. We identify classes of assertions that can be feasibly proven and illustrate the proof technique. The ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-Theoretic Semantics of Object-Oriented Specification Constructs. In R. Meersman, 19 W. Kent, and S. Khosla, editors, Object-Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction (Proc. IFIP WG 2.6 Working Conference DS4) , pages 243--284, Windermere (UK), 1990. North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991.

....terms, i.e. it is about object models. Elsewhere, it is shown that this characterisation can be lifted to the level of (temporal) logic specification by defining inheritance as a subset relation on theories, which in turn corresponds to a definition of specialisation as a strengthening of axioms [FSMS91] In the rest of this paper, we present a way of lifting the above characterisation of life cycle inheritance to operational life cycle descriptions. Our aim is to give simple checking conditions for operational life cycle diagrams which determine whether a new (i.e. specialised) diagram inherits ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-Theoretic Semantics of Object-Oriented Specification Constructs. In R. Meersman, W. Kent, and S. Khosla, editors, Object-Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction (Proc. 4th IFIP WG 2.6 Working Conference DS-4, Windermere (UK)), pages 243--284, Amsterdam, 1991. North-Holland.

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Fiadeiro, J., Sernadas, C., Maibaum, T., Saake, G., Proof-theoretic Semantics of Objectoriented Specification Constructs, Object Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction, Meersman, R., Kent, W., Khosla, S. (eds), North Holland, 1991, 243-284.

....logic has the expressive power required to express the desired properties. It is also necessary to support the specification of individual components and of their interconnections as a means of building the specification of a large system. The work done by Fiadeiro, Maibaum and their collaborators [37, 34, 36] has focused precisely on this issue. More precisely, they have investigated the use of categorical techniques, known from General Systems Theory and Abstract Data Type Specification, in combination with modal logics for formalizing the process of building systems from interconnected components. ....

....actor behaviors can be specified, component specifications can be composed to form specifications of larger systems, and higher level properties of specified actors systems can be stated and formally proved. The theoretical foundation for this work builds on ideas for object specification of [37]. A rely guarantee discipline and proof principles are proposed for modular reasoning about systems. As a nontrivial case study, Duarte has applied the formalism and associated design discipline to the design of 6 a location management architecture for networks of mobile users and devices and ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In R. A. Meersman, W. Kent, and S. Khosla, editors, IFIP WG 2.6 Working Conference on Object-Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design, and Construction, pages 243--284. North Holland, 1991.

.... well as methodological aspects of objectorientation [eg, Sernadas et al. 89b] The logics that we have been developing for supporting objectoriented specification are somewhat more complex, involving deontic notions as well as action modalities besides temporal operators [Fiadeiro and Maibaum 90; Fiadeiro et al. 90] However, as we 4 J.FIADEIRO AND T.MAIBAUM have mentioned, the structuring mechanisms are, in a sense, independent of the underlying logic and, hence, it seemed worthwhile reporting on the formalisation of objects as structuring units for concurrent systems specification based on a simpler ....

....which provide the specifier with higher level constructs that ease the burden of providing every detail that is required by the logic. Hints on useful constructs have been given throughout the text, and a more serious attempt towards defining object oriented specification constructs is given in [Fiadeiro et al. 90]. It remains to look in more detail at the nature of the support that can be provided to vertical structuring, i.e. for the implementation of components in a level of the development process in terms of the components available in the next level (in a more concrete abstract machine ) A ....

J.Fiadeiro, C.Sernadas, T.Maibaum and G.Saake, "Proof-theoretic Semantics of ObjectOriented Specification Constructs", in W.Kent, S.Khosla and R.Meersman (eds) ObjectOriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction, North-Holland (to appear)

....the inference mechanisms on top of an open semantics controlled by encapsulation, we have made it possible for properties proved locally at the level of the specification of a component to be used as lemmas when reasoning about global properties of a system. See also [Fiadeiro and Maibaum 91b, 92, Fiadeiro et al. 91] for examples. Propositions 3.5 and 3.6 above suggest that it is the inference rules of the components that are being inherited or reused, meaning that the proper level in which to formalise this form of reasoning is that of assertions of the form P (q ,G ) p. That is, a logic of components can ....

....in [Fiadeiro and Maibaum 92] Institutions are a means of defining structuring mechanisms for specification independently of the underlying logic. The ideas that we presented above do apply to other logics, namely dynamic logic with deontic predicates as outlined in [Fiadeiro and Maibaum 91a,b, Fiadeiro et al. 91] In fact, previous applications of these notions to software reuse can be found in [Goguen 86] who follows an approach based on Abstract Data Types, i.e. in the transformational paradigm. The idea of incorporating the structure of specifications in computer aided verification can be traced back ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J.Fiadeiro, C.Sernadas, T.Maibaum and G.Saake, "Proof-theoretic Semantics of Object-Oriented Specification Constructs", in W.Kent, S.Khosla and R.Meersman (eds) Object-Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction, NorthHolland 1991, 243-284

....to which the more demanding reader should refer for a more comprehensive and detailed account. In particular, algebraic semantic notions are discussed at length in [13 17, 53, 54] and the logical approach in [18, 20, 56] Work towards a specification language and its semantics is also reported in [25, 36, 60, 66]. The structure of the paper is the following. In section 2, we summarise the main advantages of the object oriented paradigm for information systems design, and the nature of the formalisation effort that we have undertaken. In section 3, we define the notion of class around a data sort for ....

....demonstrates, there are alternative routes. We shall not be able to discuss in great depth the logic that we have adopted. Several papers have been written for that purpose, e.g. 18, 19, 23] and its application to information systems modelling in particular has been debated in more detail in [25, 64]. Therefore, we shall limit ourselves to introduce the main characteristics of the logic and illustrate the support that it can provide for an object oriented approach to conceptual modelling. #################### We have already given an intuitive account of what objects are. Objects are ....

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J.Fiadeiro, C.Sernadas, T.Maibaum and G.Saake, "Proof-theoretic Semantics of Object-oriented Specification Constructs", in [45]

....the resulting theorems carry over to the whole . Actually, we defend a temporal logic approach to object specification, in the sequel of much work in the general direction of using temporal logic for (information) system specification triggered by [Pnu77, Ser80] and later explored for instance in [FS88, SFSE89b, CS91, FSMS91, FM92]. Compared with [FM92] our approach puts an emphasis on object classes (and their instances) and deals with interaction in a different way. Instead of using theory morphisms and colimit constructions for describing interacting objects, we express all constraints (including interaction ones) as ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-theoretic semantics of object-oriented specification constructs. In R. Meersman, W. Kent, and S. Khosla, editors, Object-oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction, pages 243--284. North-Holland, 1991.

....Collections of objects are structured using specialization, generalization, aggregation, and classification. System dynamics are described by interactions between dynamic objects. Based on the concept of object, work has been done concerning the semantics of object oriented specifications [FSMS90, FM90] We now present the language T ROLL (Textual Representation of an Object Logic Language) for object oriented conceptual model specification. In the next section, we give a motivation why an object oriented approach is used. Then, we sketch a formalization of an object and the basic ....

Fiadeiro, J.; Sernadas, C.; Maibaum, T.; Saake, G.: Proof-Theoretic Semantics of Object-Oriented Specification Constructs. In: Meersman, R.; Kent, W. (eds.): Object-Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction (Proc. 4th IFIP WG 2.6 Working Conference DS-4), Windermere (UK), 1990. NorthHolland, Amsterdam. In print.

....of implementation steps because we are able to check whether the implementation chosen fulfills what has been specified on a more abstract level. The use of TROLL makes this analysis step possible both for structural and behavioral properties. First approaches in a similar domain are reported in [9]. After a number of implementation steps we have refined our model such that it can be transformed into a (distributed) application over the services and information sources (e.g. databases) A sketch of this method is illustrated by Figure 1. 6 A Toy Example The usefulness of object oriented ....

Fiadeiro, J.; Sernadas, C.; Maibaum, T.; Saake, G.: Proof-Theoretic Semantics of ObjectOriented Specification Constructs. In: Meersman, R.; Kent, W.; Khosla, S. (eds.): ObjectOriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction. North-Holland, 1991, pp. 243--284.

....domain for objects that we outlined in the previous sections. For the language that task is progressing without surprises, but with respect to the calculi we discovered that the suitable interpretation structures did not coincide with the proposed semantic domain (see for instance [17] and [19]) Indeed, only recently the relationship between the calculi interpretation structures and the category of objects (as introduced in section 3) has become clear, since the former deal with embedded objects (so that local theorems can be taken as valid assertions about aggregations of ....

....behaviour [3] We also discussed the practical import of the proposed model for objects, namely with respect to information system development languages and verification calculi. Such languages and calculi are also under intensive research within the IS CORE project, as reported for instance in [17,19]. In conclusion, we should stress once more that an object oriented approach to information system (and database) development should tackle the following two issues (that tend to be disregarded in the literature within the area of object oriented systems and languages) 1) a typing mechanism for ....

Fiadeiro, J., Sernadas, C., Maibaum, T. and Saake, G.: Proof-theoretic Semantics of Object-oriented Specification Constructs. In: Object Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction, R. Meersman and W. Kent (eds.), North Holland (in print).

....occured, must be zero. The second rule formulated in temporal logic describes, that an account in the red must be non red sometime in the future. The valuation section describes effects that events have on attribute values. The rules in this section are formulae in a restricted positional logic [5]. These formulae have a rather operational meaning, namely that after the occurrence of an event for example withdraw instantiated with the value m the attribute Balance has the value Balance m. The rules may be applicable in only certain object states which is described with a first order ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-Theoretic Semantics of Object-Oriented Specification Constructs. In R. Meersman, W. Kent, and S. Khosla, editors, Object-Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction (4th IFIP WG 2.6 Working Conference DS-4), pages 243--284, Amsterdam, 1991. North-Holland.

....of reactive systems [Se80, MP89, Sa91a] conceptual modeling [Ch76, Bo85, EGH 92, SF91, SJH93] and knowledge representation [ST89, MB89] Approaches to logic and algebraic foundations of object orientation and concurrency have given essential input to the work reported here. The results in [FSMS91, FM91, FM92, SSC92] have been influential. FOOPS [GM87, GW90] has provided insights in the algebraic nature of objects. Algebraic approaches to concurrency are given in [AR92, MM93, Br93] The local specification logic and interpretation structures put forward in this paper are influenced by the ....

J. Fiadeiro, C. Sernadas, T. Maibaum, and G. Saake. Proof-Theoretic Semantics of Object-Oriented Specification Constructs. In: R. Meersman, W. Kent, and S. Khosla (eds.). Object-Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction (Proc. 4th IFIP WG 2.6 Working Conference DS-4, Windermere (UK)), Amsterdam, 1991. North-Holland, 243-284

....Collections of objects are structured using specialization, generalization, aggregation, and classification. System dynamics are described by interactions between dynamic objects. Based on the concept of object, work has been done concerning the semantics of objectoriented specifications [SS89, FSMS90, FM90] We now present the Oblog language for object oriented conceptual model specification. In the next section, we give a short introduction to the UoD at hand and try to point out the relevant static and dynamic aspects to be specified. In section 3, we formalize a simple model theoretic ....

....communication, we may identify events by defining a calling relation in both directions which is called event sharing. Taking objects and object morphisms, a category of objects is established. We do not go into detail on that in this paper. For further details on its properties see [SE90, EGS90, FSMS90] A category of objects represents the relevant aspects of the UoD. Since the relationships normally have an impact on the evolution of objects, we call a collection of interacting objects an object society (which is rather natural . In the next sections we will show how simple objects and ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Fiadeiro, J.; Sernadas, C.; Maibaum, T.; Saake, G.: Proof-Theoretic Semantics of Object-Oriented Specification Constructs. In: Meersman, R.; Kent, W. (eds.): Object-Oriented Databases: Analysis, Design and Construction (Proc. 4th IFIP WG 2.6 Working Conference DS-4), Windermere (UK), 1990. NorthHolland, Amsterdam. In print.

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