Berek, C. & Milstein, C. (1988). The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunol. Rev. 105, 5--26.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....exposition is necessarily simplified and restricted. Recognition. The human immune system uses a large number of highly specific B and T cells to recognize antigen. An individual has the genetic material and a combinatorial based randomizing mechanism to express 10 10 distinct B cell receptors (Berek Milstein, 1988). At any time, the immune system expresses a subset of these consisting of the order of 10 7 to 10 8 distinct B cell receptors (K ohler, 1976; Klinman et al.: 1976; Klinman et al.: 1977) The number of possible distinct antigens is difficult to calculate, but it is thought to be in the range ....

Berek, C. & Milstein, C. (1988). The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunol. Rev. 105, 5--26.

....an almost limitless number of molecular patterns on foreign cells and molecules, i.e. antigens, with extremely limited resources. A mouse is thought to be able to make on the order of 10 11 different receptor molecules, even though its entire genome probably contains fewer than 10 5 genes [2, 1]. The immune system s pattern recognition abilities are even more impressive when one considers that the system is distributed throughout our bodies; there is no central immune organ that controls which antibodies are produced or when. Thus, the individual lymphocytes and antibodies that ....

C. Berek and C. Milstein. The dynamics nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunology Review, 105:5--26, 1988.

....to illustrate how much the curves can differ. The size, S, of the shape space needs to be sufficiently large to be able to represent all possible antibodies. Based on the number of gene segments used to encode antibodies, the number of possible antibodies, S exp is thought to be at least 10 10 (Berek Milstein, 1988; Lodish et al.: 1995) Including the effects of somatic hypermutation the number of possible antibodies is many orders of magnitude higher (Lodish et al.: 1995) for example it might be as high as 10 16 . Again equating the experimental data values and the formula from the model we have k n ....

Berek, C. & Milstein, C. (1988). The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunol. Rev. 105, 5--26.

....of one particular shape on its surface. An elaborate genetic mechanism involving the combinatorial association of a number of gene segments underlies the construction of these receptors, so that an animal has the genetic capability of expressing over 10 10 different receptors on B cells (Berek Milstein, 1988) and over 10 16 different receptors on T cells (Davis Bjorkman, 1988) In mice and humans, it is thought that the resident population of lymphocytes expresses a repertoire of about 10 7 different receptors at any time. When a foreign molecule or cell is encountered there is a high ....

Berek, C., & Milstein, C. (1988). The dynamics nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunol. Rev., 105, 5--26.

....number of antigens to recognize, and an individual has only limited genetic resources to allocate to the immune system. Both mice and humans, for example, have fewer than 10 5 genes in their entire genome but their immune systems can make on the order of 10 11 different antibody molecules [1, 2]. Both the mouse and the human immune system use a collection of gene libraries to code for components of antibody molecules. Because the components can be combined in a large number of ways to produce an antibody, these immune systems can generate a large number of antibodies, even though the ....

C. Berek and C. Milstein. The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunological Reviews, 105:5--26, 1988.

....of one particular shape on its surface. An elaborate genetic mechanism involving the combinatorial association of a number of gene segments underlies the construction of these receptors, so that an animal has the genetic capability of expressing over 10 10 different receptors on B cells [1] and over 10 16 different receptors on T cells [3] In mice and humans, it is thought that the resident population of lymphocytes express a repertoire of about 10 7 different receptors at any time. When a foreign molecule or cell is encountered there is a high probability that it will bind to ....

C. Berek and C. Milstein. The dynamics nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunol. Rev., 105:5--26, 1988.

....i k n = 10 Gamma5 to 10 Gamma4 : 1) The size, S, of the shape space needs to be sufficiently large to be able to represent all possible antibodies. Based on the number of gene segments used to encode antibodies, the number of possible antibodies, S exp is thought to be at least 10 10 (Berek Milstein, 1988; Lodish et al.: 1995) Including the effects of somatic hypermutation the number of possible antibodies is many orders of magnitude higher (Lodish et al.: 1995) for example it might be as high as 10 16 . Again equating the experimental data values and the formula from the model we have k n ....

Berek, C. & Milstein, C. (1988). The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunol. Rev. 105, 5--26.

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C. Berek and C. Milstein. The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire. Immunological Reviews, 105:5--26, 1988.

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