Balakrishnan, H., Padmanabhan, V. and R. Katz. "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance." ACM Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET), 1998.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....to our case where a priority based queuing is applied for two traffic classes, i.e. video traffic and Internet traffic. The effect of network asymmetry, encountered in Section 4.4. 3, can be easily alleviated using techniques such as: TCP header compression, ACK filtering, ACK congestion control [43, 44]. Thus we would afford to ignore the effect of asymmetry for simplicity. Not discussed in the thesis, we have also used the RFC1072 [45] window scale option of TCP to alleviate the Long and Fat Network (LFN) effects on TCP, otherwise which would result in poor network performance. We now derive ....

Balakrishnan, H., V. N. Padmanabhan and R. H. Katz, The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance, Proc. 3 rd ACM/IEEE Int. Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, September 1997.

....over the scheduling of data and acks at the reverse bottleneck link, it is not possible to solve this problem without an agent. We have performed a detailed evaluation of these solution techniques both via ns simulation as well as in our network testbed. These results are discussed in detail in [16, 17]. We present here sample results for both the asymmetric bandwidth and asymmetric latency configurations. Figure 10 shows the performance of various schemes when there is two way traffic in an asymmetric network. We make two observations: Acks first scheduling helps the forward transfer ....

....agent based approaches are the only solution when we need to exploit cross layer information from multiple connections, as illustrated by ack first scheduling for asymmetric links. For more information on wireless TCP see [13] on Snoop and handoffs see [12] and on handling asymmetry see [17]. The Proxy Architecture The key to applications in a mobile, wireless, very heterogeneous environment is the proxy architecture, which uses a proxy as a smart intermediary between traditional servers and heterogeneous mobile clients. The fundamental driver for this architecture is the inability ....

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H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, and R. H. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance," ACM MONET, Special Issue on Mobile Networking in the Internet, Spring 1998.

....are as follows. The client is running Windows ME that uses TCP SACK [19] with delayed acknowledgements (one ACK for every two received packets) Our web server is running Linux Redhat 7.1. Because of the high asymmetry in link speeds between the forward and return paths, we also use ACK filtering [20] at the client and send one out of every four ACKs. Thus each 6 SYN SYNACK SYN Client Proxy (a) Server Cache Client (b) Server ACK ACK ACK SYNACK ACK ACK DATA DATA DATA SYNACK SYN ACK DATA ACK Fig. 2. Splitting a connection at (a) a proxy and (b) a cache (miss) b) Client ....

H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, and R. H. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance," ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'95), 1997.

....TCP flooding attacks and upgrading the service level of TCP control segments will make the problem even worse. The simulation results shown in Section 4.3 confirm this claim. To improve the TCP performance in the context of network asymmetry, the acks first scheduling scheme has been proposed [4], giving TCP ACKs priority over TCP data packets. So, the router always forwards ACKs before data segments. However, this acks first scheme could cause starvation of data packets and violation of traffic profiles, especially under ACK flooding attacks. Also, no ACK identification scheme at routers ....

....priority over TCP data packets. So, the router always forwards ACKs before data segments. However, this acks first scheme could cause starvation of data packets and violation of traffic profiles, especially under ACK flooding attacks. Also, no ACK identification scheme at routers was provided in [4]. Therefore, to achieve better network QoS and counter DDoS attacks, we need to differentiate the TCP control segments from data segments at IP routers. Resource management is essential to real time applications. Meeting timing constraints with high resource utilization is the a key goal of ....

H. Balakrishnan, V. Padmanabhan, and R. H. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance" Proceedings of ACM/IEEE MOBICOM'97, Budapest, Hungary, September 1997.

....or color palette of the image is reduced to reduce the transmission time. Yet another class of proxies are designed to improve various aspects of TCP. The Internet draft on Performance Enhancing Proxies [6] describes several such proxies, including relatively simple functions like TCP ACK Spacing [3], 23] this proxy eliminates bursts of TCP data by smoothing out the flow of TCP ACKs) and TCP Snoop [4] this proxy hides packet drops on lossy links from the TCP sender to avoid wrongly triggering TCP congestion control) C. Benefits of Signalling We believe that most proxies, including both ....

H. Balakrishnan, V.N. Padmanabhan, and R.H. Katz. The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance. In Proc. ACM/IEEE Mobicom, September 1997.

....and they are harmful during slow start[ill. However, during the congestion avoidance period, delayed ACKs will conserve network bandwidth and host computation resources by sending fewer ACKs without drastically reducing performance. Delayed ACKs are useful for bulk transfers and asymmetric links[12]. TCP performance over the multiple paths is supposed to be enhanced, because the bottleneck bandwidth increases. However, TCP senders will regard triple duplicate ACKs, resulting from out of order packet arrivals at the receiver due to the different delays of the multiple paths, as an indicator ....

....implementation overhead of the end host is high. For the improvement of TCP performance, several modified TCP acknowledgments are proposed. 11] has pro posed a byte counting method to improve TCP performance degradation during after slow start when using delayed ACKs. In asymmetric networks, [12] maintains that TCP performance depends on forward path as well as backward path, and proposes dynamically varying delayed ACKs. In [13] the effects of extended acknowledgment interval on TCP performance are analyzed, and it is shown that extending ACK interval increases the TCP throughput when ....

H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, and R. H. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance," ACM MobiCom, Sept. 1997

....this problem is to have the TCP sender use a pacing scheme to smoothly send out all the packets in the initial window. Once all packets in the initial window have been sent, the sender can switch back to the behavior of the standard TCP. There are several pacing schemes proposed in the literature [10, 32, 41]. Here we introduce an alternative scheme based on leaky bucket. In this scheme, a TCP sender uses a leaky bucket (more specifically, a token bucket) to shape its outgoing traffic. When the sender has a packet to send, it first checks the token bucket. If there are sufficient tokens, the packet is ....

H. Balakrishnan, V. Padmanabhan, and R. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance," Proc. ACM/IEEE Mobicom '97, Sept. 1997.

....corruption caused by wireless induced errors. Thus, a lot of research has focused on mechanisms to improve TCP performance in cellular wireless systems (e.g. 1, 2] Other studies have looked at the problem of bandwidth asymmetry and large round trip times, prevalent in satellite networks(e.g. [11, 3]) In this report, we address another characteristic of mobile ad hoc networks that impacts TCP performance: link failures due to mobility. In this paper, Part I of the report, we present a performance analysis of standard TCP over mobile ad hoc networks, and then we present an analysis of the ....

H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, and R. H. Katz, "The effects of asymmetry on TCP performance, " in Proceedings of the IEEE Mobicom`97, (Budapest, Hungary), pp. 77--89, sep 1997.

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Balakrishnan, H., Padmanabhan, V. N., and R. H. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance", ACM Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET), Vol.4, No.3, 1999, pp. 219-241. An expanded version of a paper published at Proc. ACM/IEEE Mobile Communications Conference (MOBICOM), 1997.

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H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, and R.H. Katz. The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance. In Proc. ACM MOBICOM '97, September 1997.

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H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, and R. H. Katz, "The effects of asymmetry on TCP performance," in ACM MOBICOM'97, Sept. 1997.

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Balakrishnan, H., Padmanabhan, V. and R. Katz. "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance." ACM Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET), 1998.

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Hari Balakrishnan, Venkata N. Padmanabhan, and Randy H. Katz. The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance. In Mobile Computing and Networking, pages 77--89, 1997.

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H. Balakrishnan, V.N. Padmanabhan, R.H. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance," Proc. ACM/IEEE Mobicom, Budapest, Hungary, September 1997.

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H. Balakrishnan, V.N. Padmanabhan and R.H. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance," in Proc. of ACM Mobicom'97, September 1997.

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Hari Balakrishnan, Venkata N. Padmanabhan, and Randy H. Katz. The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Mobicom, Budapest, Hungary, ACM. September, 1997.

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H. Balakrishnan, V.N. Padmanabhan and R.H. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance," in Proc. of ACM Mobicom'97, September 1997.

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H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, and R. H. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance," ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'95), 1997.

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Balakrishnan, H., Padmanabhan, V., Katz, R., "The effects of asymmetry on TCP performance," ACM Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET), Vol. 4, No. 3, 1999, pp. 219-241.

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Hari Balakrishnan, Venkata N. Padmanabhan, and Randy H. Katz. The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Mobicom, Budapest, Hungary, ACM. September, 1997.

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Hari Balakrishnan, Vakata Padmanabhan, and R.H.Katz, "The effect of Asymmetry on TCP Performance", MOBICOM, 1997.

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H. Balakrishnan, V. Padmanabhan and R. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance," Proc. 3rd ACM/IEEE Int. Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), 1997.

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H. Balakrishnan, V.N. Padmanabhan, R.H. Katz, "The Effects of Asymmetry on TCP Performance", In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE Mobicom, Budapest, Hungary, ACM, September 1999.

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H. Balakrishnan, V. Padmanabhan, and R. Katz. The effect of asymmetry on TCP performance. ACM Journal of Mobile Networks and Applications (MONET), 4(3):219--241, October 1999.

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Balakrishnan H., Padmanabham V., and Katz R., "The effects of asymmetry on TCP performance", Proc. 3rd ACM/IEEE Intl. Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom), Budapest, Hungary, Sept. 1997.

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