David K. Gifford. Polychannel systems for mass digital communication. Comm. ACM, 33(2), February 1990.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   ACM   TOC   Related Articles   Check

....data using a periodic push. The Datacycle Project [BGLW92, HGLW87] at Bellcore investigated the notion of using a repetitive broadcast medium for database storage and query processing. An early effort in information broadcasting, the Boston Community Information Sys tem (BCIS) is described in [Gif94]. BCIS broadcast news articles and information over an FM channel to clients with personal computers specially equipped with radio receivers. The Broadcast Disks project [AFZ95] has investigated a 16 number of espects of dete broedcest using periodic push including scheduling end client ceching ....

D. Gifford. Polychannel systems for mass digital communication. Communications of ACM, 37(10), October 1994.

....does not seem to be the appropriate scheduling algorithm here. 5. RELATED RESEARCH The application of broadcast networks to disseminate data to a huge number of clients has been investigated in several previous research projects. The Boston Community Information System, described by Gifford ([6]) is an early effort in data broadcasting. It applies an FM channel to broadcast a flat data carousel including news and other information to personal computers equipped with radio receivers. However, unlike our approach, the information set is preselected and updates are not driven by client ....

D. Gifford: "Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communications", Communications of the ACM, 33(2), Feb 1990

....does not seem to be the appropriate scheduling algorithm here. 5. RELATED RESEARCH The application of a broadcast network to disseminate data to a huge number of clients has been investigated in several previous research projects. The Boston Community Information System, described by Gifford ([7]) is an early effort in data broadcasting. It applies an FM channel to broadcast a flat data carousel including news and other information to radio receivers equipped personal computers. However, unlike with our approach the information set is preselected and updates are not driven by client ....

D. Gifford, Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communications, Communications of the ACM, 33(2), 1990, 141-151.

....results are multicast. No Merge Pair Merging Clustering Factor (cf) Total Cost 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 3.4 3.2 3 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2 1.8 1.6 1. 4 Figure 20: Total Cost Before and After Pair Merging 9 Related Work The Data Dissemination Problem has been studied by a number of projects [17, 6, 21, 12, 1, 16, 11, 5]. However, none of them attempt to reduce costs by automatically merging similar queries. The Query Merging Problem is also related to Client side caching in client server configurations [22] In this approach, data is loaded into each client cache as answers to other queries are broadcast by the ....

D. Gifford. Polychannel systems for mass digital communication. CACM, February 1990. 32

....disconnect for certain periods and still not miss out items (since they will be broadcasted again after the client is reconnected) Aperiodic dissemination on the other hand is a more effective way of using the bandwidth available. Periodic push has been used in the past in many systems [8] 69] [27], 19] 31] Acharya et al. 5] 1] have proposed the use of a periodic dissemination architecture in the context of mobile systems. They call the architecture Broadcast Disks. Broadcast Disks are novel in two ways: # They provide a multilevel mechanism that permits data items to be broadcast ....

# D.K. Gifford, "Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication, " Comm. ACM, vol. 33, no. 2, Feb. 1990.

....(e.g. response time, throughput, reliability) Several approaches have been proposed for improving the scalability of a networked service. These include server replication [15] caching [16, 35] batching of requests at the server [14] and multicasting of server responses over the network [19, 10]. In this paper, we consider the server replication technique and focus on the design and evaluation of a system that supports client access to the best server for a broad range of definitions of best . 1.1 Server Selection Techniques When replication is used, one primary concern is how a ....

D. Gifford. Polychannel systems for mass digital communication. Communications of the ACM, 33(2):1847--1851, February 1990.

....broadcasting data using a periodic push. The Datacycle Project [10, 17] at Bellcore investigated the notion of using a repetitive broadcast medium for database storage and query processing. An early effort in information broadcasting, the Boston Community Information System (BCIS) is described in [16]. BCIS broadcast news articles and information over an FM channel to clients with personal computers specially equipped with radio receivers. The Broadcast Disks project [2, 1] has investigated a number of aspects of data broadcast using periodic push including scheduling and client behavior. ....

D. Gifford. Polychannel systems for mass digital communication. Communications of ACM, 37(10), October 1994.

....for clustering to buffer management and vice versa. In this paper, we restrict our attention only to clustering schemes. Though presented in a 2 VoD setting, a number of these results are applicable to other settings like personalized news delivery over polychannel architectures as in Gifford [5]. The aforementioned schemes take advantage of the fact that typical content access distributions are skewed. During peak demand, there is a high density of access a large number of users request the same content but with small temporal skews. Aggregation schemes are attractive in VoD systems ....

D.K. Gifford, "Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 141-151, Feb 1990.

....through a set of numerical examples. 1 1 Introduction Point to multipoint communication has been receiving increasing attention in current research. This reflects the growing importance of applications that rely on multi destination communication, such as information distribution via broadcast [1, 2], teleconferencing systems, and distributed and or replicated database systems [3, 4] Of particular importance in such systems is the correctness and timeliness of the delivered information. To achieve the first objective, i.e. correctness, several point to multipoint automatic repeat request ....

D. Gifford, "Polychannel systems for mass digital communication," Communications of the ACM, vol. 33, pp. 141--151, February 1990.

....DirectPC [26] Teletext and Videotex systems [11, 28] The Datacycle project [16] at Bellcore: a database circulates on a high bandwidth network (140 Mbps) Users query the database by filtering information via special massively parallel transceivers. The Boston Community Information System (BCIS) [18]: broadcast news and information over an FM channel to clients with personal computers equipped with radio receivers. E. Pitoura Summer School on Mobile Computing, Jyvaskyla, 1998 1 Hybrid Delivery Push vs Pull ffl Push suitable when information is transmitted to a large number of ....

D. Gifford. Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication. Communications of the ACM, 33(2), 1990.

....networks considerably. It is now likely that a significant portion of the overall traffic in future communication environments will be of the multi destination type. This reflects the growing importance of applications such as distributed data processing [1] broadcast information systems [2], and teleconferencing, among others, which represent the driving forces behind the development of high speed networks. It is, therefore, important that next generation networks employ efficient broadcast multicast mechanisms [3] Lightwave technology has emerged as a promising candidate for ....

D. Gifford. Polychannel systems for mass digital communication. Communications of the ACM, 33:141--151, Feb 1990.

....data using a periodic push. The Datacycle Project [BGLW92, HGLW87] at Bellcore investigated the notion of using a repetitive broadcast medium for database storage and query processing. An early effort in information broadcasting, the Boston Community Information System (BCIS) is described in [Gif94]. BCIS broadcast news articles and information over an FM channel to clients with personal computers specially equipped with radio receivers. The Broadcast Disks project [AFZ95] has investigated a number of aspects of data broadcast using periodic push including scheduling and client caching ....

D. Gifford. Polychannel systems for mass digital communication. Communications of ACM, 37(10), October 1994.

....since the early 80 s by most national television companies in Western Europe. Broadcast disk technology has since attained nationwide diffusion and reaches most households. It provides a continuous information source and has deeply influenced the lifestyle of the countries where it is operational [10, 17]. Broadcast disks have been used in high throughput multiprocessors database systems over high bandwidth networks [6] and wireless communication [11] An interested reader is refered to the survey lecture by Franklin and Zdonik [9] that reports results and research directions in the field of ....

David K. Gifford. Polychannel systems for mass digital communications. Communications of the ACM, 33(2):141--151, February 1990.

....During periods of peak demand, several users would be accessing the same programs. Let us consider a true video on demand (T VOD) application, in which a user can choose a movie and have VCR like control over the playout. Typical settings include polychannel architectures as described by Gifford [8] or multicast architectures as proposed by Almeroth and Ammar [1] or CATV [10] Movies are multicast (or simulcast) on high bandwidth channels and a duplex back channel can be used to convey user interaction requests to the server. With today s technology, the cost of dedicating one channel per ....

D. K. Gifford, "Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication," Communications of the ACM, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 141-151, Feb 1990.

....and traffic control information systems. The concept of broadcast delivery is not new. Early work has been conducted in the area of Teletext and Videotext systems [3, 23] Previous work also includes the Datacycle project [10] at Bellcore and the Boston Community Information System (BCIS) [13]. In Datacycle, a database circulates on a high bandwidth network (140 Mbps) Users query the database by filtering relevant information via a special massively parallel transceiver. BCIS broadcasts news and information over an FM channel to clients with personal computers equipped with radio ....

D. Gifford. Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication. Communications of the ACM, 33(2):141--150, 1990.

....the system is serving. Some examples of the applications in which data broadcasting plays an important role are traffic information systems [18] information dispersal systems for volatile time sensitive information such as stock prices and weather information [16] and news distribution systems [11]. In [12] and [13] data broadcasting is also considered as an efficient way, in terms of energy and bandwidth, for the distribution of information to a large number of users in a wireless communication environment. Server C B Time page A A Broadcast Schedule One Slot User Community Figure 1. A ....

D. K. Gifford. "Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication ". Communications of the ACM, 33(2):141--151, February 1990.

....data using a periodic push. The Datacycle Project [BGLW92, HGLW87] at Bellcore investigated the notion of using a repetitive broadcast medium for database storage and query processing. An early effort in information broadcasting, the Boston Community Information System (BCIS) is described in [Gif94]. BCIS broadcast news articles and information over an FM channel to clients with personal computers specially equipped with radio receivers. Recently, scheduling techniques from the real time community have been applied to data broadcast by Baruah and Bestavros [BB97] The Broadcast Disks project ....

D. Gifford. Polychannel systems for mass digital communication. Communications of ACM, 37(10), October 1994.

....the system is serving. Some examples of the applications in which data broadcasting plays an important role are traffic information system [17] information dispersal systems for volatile time sensitive information such as stock prices [16] and weather information, and news distribution system [11]. In [12] and [13] data broadcasting is also considered as a efficient way, in terms of energy and bandwidth, for the distribution of information to a large number of users in wireless communication environment. Server C B Time page A A Broadcast Schedule One Slot User Community Figure 1: A ....

D. K. Gifford. "Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication". Communications of the ACM, 33(2):141--151, February 1990.

....of the broadcast allows the medium to be used as a type of storage device; clients that need to access a data item from the broadcast can obtain the item at any point in the broadcast schedule that the item is transmitted. Periodic broadcast has been studied by a number of researchers (e.g. [Amma85, Herm87, Giff90, Imie94]) The Broadcast Disk model differs from previous data broadcasting work, however, in that it integrates two main components: 1) a novel multi level structuring mechanism that allows data items to be broadcast nonuniformly, so that bandwidth can be allocated to data items according to the ....

D. Gifford, "Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication", CACM, 33(2), February, 1990.

....that describe their interests, and then uses these profiles to assemble and update customized newspapers from a database of current stories. The Pointcast system has been touted as one of the first push based systems. This is not exactly true. Other systems such as Teletex [Amma85] BCS at MIT [Giff90], and Datacycle [Herm87] used push long before Pointcast. However, Pointcast was one of the first push based systems to achieve wide spread use. It is instructive, therefore, to see exactly how push is used in Pointcast 1.0 4 . From the point of view of a DBIS, the use of push within Pointcast ....

....broadcast in this framework. The Datacycle Project [Bowe92, Herm87] at Bellcore investigated the notion of using a repetitive broadcast medium for database storage and query processing. An early effort in information broadcasting, the Boston Community Information System (BCIS) is described in [Giff90]. BCIS broadcast news articles and information over an FM channel to clients with personal computers specially equipped with radio receivers. Both Datacycle and BCIS used a flat broadcast (i.e. all items have the same frequency) The mobility group at Rutgers [Imie94a, Imie94b] has done ....

D. Gifford, "Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication", CACM, 33(2), February, 1990.

....Finally, we discuss our efforts to develop a prototype for the purpose of validating the feasibility of concepts discussed in this paper. The use of multicast communication for the provision of scalable information services has been the subject of some research in the past (see for example [4, 5, 6, 7]) The use of multicast delivery in the context of VOD systems has been the subject of more recent research. However, much of the research[1, 3] has not provided performance results based on either simulation or analysis. In addition to the work described in this paper (reported previously in ....

D. Gifford, "Polychannel systems for mass digital communication," Communications of the ACM, vol. 33, pp. 141--151, February 1990.

....has been around in various forms for as long as people have been communicating. Examples range from newspapers, to telephones, to radio and television, to E mail. Early work on using computer networks for pushing data was performed in the 1980 s. The Boston Community Information System at MIT [Giff90], Teletext systems for distributing data over broadcast media [Amma85, Wong88] and the Datacycle database machine [Herm87] are all examples of systems that incorporated some form of push technology. Recently, however, the combination of push technology with the Internet and Web (sometimes ....

D. Gifford, "Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication", CACM, 33(2), February, 1990.

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David K. Gifford. Polychannel systems for mass digital communication. Comm. ACM, 33(2), February 1990.

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Gifford, D. Polychannel Systems for Mass Digital Communication. CACM 33(2):141-151, 1990.

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D. K. Gifford, "Polychannel Systems for mass digital communication", Communications of the ACM, 33(2):141--151, February 1990

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