Berners-Lee, T. (1993). Hypertext Transfer Protocol. CERN, Geneva. ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/http-spec.ps.Z.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....GNOSIS CD ROM (Gaines and Norrie, 1995) Since the completion of the GNOSIS test case in March 1994 we have had a systematic program of research designed to make Mediator technology widely available on a cross platform basis operating through the Internet. The hypertext transport protocol (HTTP, Berners Lee, 1993) of the World Wide Web (WWW, Berners Lee, Cailliau, Luotonen, Nielsen and Secret, 1994) was chosen for the low level communications layer since HTTP servers are widely available for a range of platforms, as were associated browsers such as NCSA Mosaic and Netscape. In particular, the browsers ....

Berners-Lee, T. (1993). Hypertext Transfer Protocol. CERN, Geneva. ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/http-spec.ps.Z.

....and adds to them hypertext links between active documents that support general client server computing through graphic user interfaces. World Wide Web was conceived by Berners Lee in March 1989 (CERN, 1994) as a hypertext project to organize documents at CERN in an information retrieval system (Berners Lee and Cailliau, 1990). The design involved: a simple hypertext markup language that authors could enter through a word processor; distributed servers running on machines anywhere on the network; and access through any terminal, even line mode browsers. World Wide Web today still conforms to this basic model. A poster ....

....Web to the computing community. However, major usage only began to grow with the February 1993 release of Andreessen s Mosaic for X (Andreessen, 1993) Whereas the original proposal specifically states it will not aim to do research into fancy multimedia facilities such as sound 26 and video (Berners Lee and Cailliau, 1990), the HTTP protocol for document transmission was designed to be content neutral and is as well suited to multimedia material as to text. The availability of the rich X Windows environment on workstations supporting color graphics and sound led naturally to multimedia support, although the initial ....

Berners-Lee, T. (1993a). Hypertext Transfer Protocol. CERN, Geneva.

....of information arises when some logically single piece of information is provided through a collection of objects. For example, an article or a book which is a logical piece of information may be provided as a collection of different chapter documents. Currently, the HTTP protocol (HTTP 1. 0 [1]) is such that in each TCP connection one document is transferred, unless keepalive semantics are used in the server configuration file (to be described later) which is read by the server when it is started. The newer version of the HTTP protocol HTTP 1.1 [2] by default allows any number of ....

.... All relative URLs in the documents are not affected due to this rewrite, because when the Rewrite Redirect command is used to redirect HTTP requests to f1.html, the client evaluates all the relative URLs inside f1.html with respect to the base address of the original document s URL [1]. 5.2 Fully Replicated Document Tree In this case, the WCP command should be invoked as shown below. Assume that documents f 1 ; f 2 ; f 3 on server www1 need to be updated and copies of this document are replicated on server www2. Let the replicated copies of the documents on www2 be located at ....

T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, H. Frystyk, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol", HTTP Working Group, RFC 1945, http://www.internic.net/rfc/rfc1945.txt

....The basic situation is shown in Figure 3. In Parlog, download 4 s mode declaration would be: 4 mode download(Request , Text, Result, Stop ) Parlog allows optional variable names to precede the and symbols. Request is a term representing the required HTTP protocol (e.g. GET, POST [1]) and the URL of the page. For example: req(get, http: www.cs.ait.ac.th ad ) means retrieve Andrew Davison s home page. Text will output a stream of ASCII codes making up the retrieved page. Text may not be bound if there is an error during the request, or may return only part of the page if ....

T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, and H. Frystyk, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.0) Specification, RFC 1945.

....the bug, by adding code to examine and report upon data that had already been collected in an earlier AutoHack run. We had noted (some months previously) that many www hypertext daemons indicate their make and version number in the html document that they produce in response to an illegal request[BL93]. Partly because this sort of information is often interesting for its own sake, and partly because the probe was so easy to create (Figure 3) the http probe was added to the suite on the off chance that the data it collected might eventually prove useful. It did. In a firefighting scenario, ....

Tim Berners-Lee. Hypertext Transfer Protocol. ftp://ftp.w3.org/pub/www/doc/httpspec. txt, 1993.

....consist of a set of parts, delimited by colon : slash = as follows: http: www sor.inria.fr index.html In this example, http refers to the scheme 1 of the URL. A scheme is essentially how a WWW client should talk with the server which manages the object. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) [1] is a simple information transfer protocol that operates according to a set of methods (or commands) and 1 protocol 2 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION whose main purpose is to support the transfer of World Wide Web hypermedia information between WWW clients and servers. 1.2 World Wide Web Problems ....

Tim Berners-Lee. Hypertext transfer protocol. Internet Standard, 1993.

....much as 42 . Studies like these focus on server based traces of a single protocol. However, information is disseminated throughout the Internet via several access protocols including NNTP for Usenet news [5] Z39.50 for Wais [4] the Gopher protocol [7] and the Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) [1]. In particular, the World Wide Web (WWW) offers access to various information repositories using a variety of access protocols [2] WWW defines a single document retrieval operation using operations provided by underlying information systems such as Gopher, Wais, HTTP, or NTTP. The name of a ....

T. Berners-Lee. Hypertext transfer protocol. http://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/http-spec.txt, November 1993. CERN Internet Draft.

.... the provision and maintenance of collections of documents, into which users could place documents of their own. to allow documents or collections of documents managed by individuals to be linked by hyperlinks to other documents or collections of documents. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) [Bl93a] is a simple information transfer protocol that operates according to a set of methods (or commands) and whose main purpose is to support the transfer of World Wide Web hypermedia information between W3 clients and servers. The most commonly used method is GET. GET is a basic retrieval method ....

Tim Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol", Internet Draft (Work in Progress), CERN, 1993.

....will have to learn a different way to interact with each database. By putting the encapsulating program on or in a general purpose information server, such as a Web server, the database can be made widely known and easily accessible (the third approach presented in Figure 1(c) The World Wide Web [5, 7, 8] is a set of interlinked hypermedia information retrieval servers spread across the Internet, aiming to give access to a large universe of documents. There are over 2000 Web servers world wide today, with an average of 8 new services coming on line each day. Web server software is available free ....

Tim Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol," available electronically at URL ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/http-spec.ps, 1993.

....Adaptive Hypermedia on World Wide Web Salvatore Ferrandino XCom Wide Communication Via E. De Filippis 107 A P.co Luciano 84013 Cava De Tirreni (SA) Italy Alberto Negro Vittorio Scarano Dipartimento di Informatica ed Applicazioni R.M. Capocelli Universit a di Salerno 84081 Baronissi (SA) Italy Abstract Because of stateless characteristics of http, it is not possible for http servers to ....

....Adaptive Hypermedia on World Wide Web Salvatore Ferrandino XCom Wide Communication Via E.De Filippis 107 A P. co Luciano 84013 Cava De Tirreni (SA) Italy Alberto Negro Vittorio Scarano Dipartimento di Informatica ed Applicazioni R.M. Capocelli Universit a di Salerno 84081 Baronissi (SA) Italy Abstract Because of stateless characteristics of http, it is not possible for http servers to adapt responses on the ....

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T. Berners-Lee. "Hypertext Transfer Protocol". Internet Draft.

....systems are built using a client server architecture. Some are based on WWW clients and servers enhanced via the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) 13] Others use modified or dedicated clients and servers. The WWW standard for client server communication, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) [1] may be used as a basis for an annotation system. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 2] may also be useful. 2.3 Authentication If an annotation is to be accredited to an author, then the system must be sure of the authors identity. Systems also need to make sure that only an annotation s author ....

Tim J. Berners-Lee. Hypertext transfer protocol. Internet Draft, July 1993.

....1 shows the architecture of our WWW resource discovery system 1 The system s main components are the Indexer Robot, the Search Engine, and the Gateway. 2. 1 Indexer Robot The indexer robot is an autonomous WWW browser which communicates with WWW servers using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol [2]) It visits a given WWW site, traverses hyperlinks in a breadth first manner, retrieves WWW pages, extracts keywords and hyperlink data from the pages, and inserts the keywords and hyperlink data into an index. A manually prepared list of target sites is used to create the index initially. In ....

....by Unix symbolic links, and does not visit the same page more than once unless the page has been modified since the time it was last visited by the robot. The latter is made possible by supplying the last access date and time into the HTTP request 2 . As specified in the HTTP specification [2], the remote WWW server will not send the page content in response to the request if the page has not been modified since the specified time. Furthermore, the indexer robot will not even send an HTTP request if the page was last accessed within the last 24 hours. This is to prevent the robot from ....

Berners-Lee, T., "Hypertext Transfer Protocol," Internet Working Draft, 5 November 1993.

....The World Wide Web (WWW) has grown extremely fast in the past months, not only quantitatively but also qualitatively. New services are being added on a day by day basis and range from telephone directories to movie databases and shopping malls . In particular, the POST Method of HTTP [1] and the FORMS feature of HTML[2] have made the WWW technology suitable to most Internet applications. With new commercial applications emerging daily, it is impossible to anticipate all future needs and build a single browser that fulfills all requirements. One example for this are security ....

Tim Berners-Lee, R. T. Fielding, and H. Frystyk Nielsen. Hypertext Transfer Protocol, March 1995. Internet Draft, Expires September 8, 1995.

....information but what about maintenance When making a longer article available in HTML we would like to give readers a choice between: reading the whole paper, a section, a subsection, or only the table of contents, i.e. giving them a choice of different granularity . Using the current HTTP [BL93] servers we have to create separate files for each different choice To have an article in L a T E X and make it available on WWW, we need to convert it using a tool like L a T E X2HTML, which creates yet another set of files from the original source. A possible solution to the maintenance ....

....same root see figure 4 and figure 5. 4 WWW The current prototype server is implemented via a CGI script [McC93] running under a normal NCSA httpd server [McC94] Today, only the GET method is implemented. Since we envisage to extend the set of supported methods, we are writing our own HTTP [BL93] server. In figure 6 we have shown the processes after the creation of the CGI process following the GET request. The HTML is generated from actions specified in the FORMATX part of the GPD for each item, terminal or non terminal (as defined in the STRUCTURE part) The actions are written in a ....

Tim Berners-Lee. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 2.0 edition, 5 November 1993. http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Protocols/HTTP/HTTP2.html .

....link is a document URL pointing directly to the document on the WAIS server. This URL is interpreted by the client s browser without the intervention of Discover. 4. 2 An HTTP Content Router for WAIS The Discover implementation is based on the framework provided by the HTTP World Wide Web protocol [2]. Since HTML documents and HTML Forms provide the most widely used multimedia display format in use today [3] we chose to use HTML Forms for Discover s input and output. Figure 12 illustrates the structure of Discover. Discover uses several features of the WWW framework and form support. It ....

T. Berners-Lee. Hypertext transfer protocol. Internet Draft, Nov. 1993.

....: 17 2.5.3 Compiled Interpreted CGI Programming Languages : 19 2.5.4 The selection of the CGI programming language : 20 2.6 Perl : 20 2.7 CGI.pm a Perl5 CGI Library : 21 2. 8 HTTP Daemon : 22 3 Leiden 19th Century Portrait Database 24 3.1 Content based Image Retrieval : 24 3.2 Introduction of LCPD : 25 3.3 Implementation : ....

....: 61 8.1. 5 Database : 61 Bibliography 63 Appendix A HTML 64 Appendix B Perl 67 Appendix C CGI.pm 69 Appendix D MOMspider 79 Appendix E Libwww Perl 81 Appendix F Important Links 83 Appendix G Setup of a HTTP Server Chapter 1 The World Wide Web 1.1 Introduction In the 1960s, researchers began experimenting with linking computers to each other and to people through telephone hook ups, using funds from the U.S Defense Department s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) ARPA wanted to see if ....

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Tim Berners-Lee, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Internet working draft, 5 nov 1993, published on the WWW at http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Protocols/HTTP/HTTP2.html

....can be saved, transferred to a remote WWW server and restored. A MAP assistant can generate a clone, move to another server, perform some local operations and report results. The implementation is based ontwo useful features of WWW: the HTTP Post method and the CGI script invocation mechanism [5]. We have modified the Scheme interpreter by removing some unsafe primitives and by adding the MAP primitives. We have enriched the Scheme interpreter with the possibility of saving and restoring the execution state. We work on integrating OScheme primitives to access local WWW document spaces ....

T. Berners-Lee. Hypertext transfer protocol. Internet Draft, November 1993.

....offers access to various information repositories using a variety of access protocols. Information is disseminated throughout the Internet via several access protocols including NNTP for Usenet news [8] Z39.50 for Wais [7] the Gopher protocol [10] and the Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) [2]. The examination of server logs provides some understanding of user access patterns. These logs register the nature of information access within the domain of a single server and pinpoint documents that are frequently accessed i.e. hot spots of the information space. However, they are not ....

T. Berners-Lee. Hypertext transfer protocol. http://info.cern.ch/pub/www/http-spec.txt, November 1993. CERN Internet Draft.

....Figure 4. The NCSA homepage (delayed and requested image) ED MEDIA 95 (World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia) June 1995, Graz, Austria, to be published) 4 Experiences with the WWW protocol and language HTML is the markup language used to structure WWW hypertext documents [Berners Lee, 1993]. e.g. HTML defines the identifiers and usage of tags for indicating paragraphs, headings, links, highlighting, lists etc. HTTP is the protocol used between server and client [Berners Lee Conello, 1993] The core protocol is very simple: the client establishes a connection with the server, ....

Tim Berners-Lee (1993): Hypertext transfer protocol, Internet draft, Nov. 5 1993

....for each micro transaction. Special attention is given to its integration into IBM s Internet Keyed Payment Systems (iKP) 1 Introduction Micro payments have a broad application area in the marketing of information distributed in an electronic form. Modern network information browsing tools (WWW [1]) enable users clients to wander arbitrarily through the global networks and obtain such documents. We assume that a specific client normally is consuming enough low value documents from a given server that all these low value transactions can be accumulated in one regular payment transaction with ....

Tim Berners-Lee, R. T. Fielding, and H. Frystyk Nielsen. Hypertext Transfer Protocol, March 1995. Internet Draft, Expires September 8, 1995.

....to access material on the CD ROM [10] Since the completion of the GNOSIS test case in March 1994 we have had a systematic program of research designed to make Mediator technology widely available on a cross platform basis operating through the Internet. The hypertext transport protocol (HTTP) [2] of the World Wide Web (WWW) 3] was chosen for the low level communications layer since HTTP servers are widely available for a range of platforms, as were associated browsers such as NCSA Mosaic and Netscape. In particular, the browsers support not only the hypertext markup language (HTML) 1] ....

T. Berners-Lee, Hypertext Transfer Protocol. CERN, Geneva. 1993.

....is built by an autonomous client agent, known as WWW robot, which accesses resources from various WWW sites or servers to collect the meta information. 3. 1 Indexer Robot Our indexer robot is basically a WWW client which communicates with WWW servers using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP [2]) It only retrieves objects of text format (including non HTML texts) from remote servers. In other words, it avoids interactive and dynamically generated resources, as well as non textual and application specific objects on which it is not capable of processing. From the retrieved text, it ....

Berners-Lee, T., "Hypertext Transfer Protocol," Internet Working Draft, 5 November 1993.

....index server consists of two main components: an index builder and a search engine. Figure 2 illustrates the system architecture. 2. 1 Index Builder The index builder is an autonomous WWW browser, also known as WWW robot, which communicates with WWW servers using HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol [2]) It visits a given WWW site, traverses hyperlinks in a breadth first manner, retrieves WWW pages, extracts keywords and hyperlink data from the pages, and inserts the keywords and hyperlink data into an index. The index consists of a page ID table, a keyword ID table, a page title table, a ....

....caused by Unix symbolic links, and does not visit the same page more than once unless the page has been modified since the time it was last visited by the robot. The latter is made possible by supplying the last access date and time into the HTTP request. 8 As specified in the HTTP specification [2], the remote WWW server will not send the page content in response to the request if the page has not been modified since the specified time. Furthermore, the robot will not even send an HTTP request if the page was last accessed within the last 24 hours. This is to prevent the robot from sending ....

Berners-Lee, T., "Hypertext Transfer Protocol," Internet Working Draft, 5 November 1993.

....a server and a path to the file, or page, representing the resource being requested. Web clients typically support several different protocols or access methods for communicating with servers. The most common access method for current web resources is the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) [6]. This work considers only those resources accessed using HTTP. HTTP is a connection oriented transaction protocol for accessing and manipulating documents in hypertext as well as other formats. HTTP is designed to utilize a reliable, connection oriented transport protocol (TCP) for the transfer ....

T. Berners-Lee. Hypertext transfer protocol. Internet Draft, November 1993.

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T. Berners-Lee. "Hypertext Transfer Protocol". Internet Draft.

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T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext transfer protocol," Internet Engineering Task Force Working Draft, November 1993. ftp://ds.internic.net/internetdrafts /draft-ietf-iiir-http-00.txt.

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T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext transfer protocol," Internet Engineering Task Force Working Draft, November 1993. ftp://ds.internic.net/internetdrafts /draft-ietf-iiir-http-00.txt.

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