Cohen, Philip R. The need for Referent Identification as a Planned Action. Proceedings of IJCAI-81. Vancouver. B.C., Canada, August, 1981, pp. 31-35.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....as a speech act was first proposed by Searle (1969) He proposed that referring and predicating were propositional speech acts as opposed to illocutionary acts. This distinction is due to Searle s view that referring and predicating cannot be done alone, but only as part of an illocutionary act. Cohen (1981; 1984) differing from Searle, advocates treating referring as requesting. From analyzing task oriented dialogues, he proposed the use of an action identify(agt,D) which means that the hearer, agt, identifies the referent of the description, D. His approach would make identifying a referent the ....

....to objects that are mutually known by both the speaker and the hearer. Furthermore, we assume that identification is achieved by the hearer checking his beliefs as opposed to performing 16 physical actions, such as testing the contents of a glass to determine if it is a martini (Perrault and Cohen, 1981). This type of referring expression corresponds to Appelt s shared concept activation with identification intention (1985c) When building a referring expression or when trying to identify a referent of a referring expression, the context in which it is uttered is very important. The context ....

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Cohen, P. R. (1981). The need for referent identification as a planned action. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI '81), pages 31--36.

....Perrault (1979) developed a system that uses plan construction to map an agent s goals to speech acts, and Allen and Perrault (1980) use plan inference to understand an agent s plan from its speech acts. By viewing it as action (Searle, 1969) referring can be incorporated into a planning model. Cohen s model (1981) planned requests that the hearer identify a referent, whereas Appelt (1985) planned concept activations, a generalization of referring actions. Although acts of reference have been incorporated into plan based models, determining the content of referring expressions hasn t been. For instance, in ....

....of how a description can allow a hearer to identify an object. First, the constraints express the conditions under which an attribute can be used to refer to an object; for instance, that it be mutually believed that the object has a certain property (Clark and Marshall, 1981; Perrault and Cohen, 1981; Nadathur and Joshi, 1983) Second, the constraints keep track of which objects could be believed to be the referent of the referring expression. Third, the constraints ensure that a sufficient number of surface speech actions are added so that the set of candidates associated with the entire ....

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Cohen, Philip R. 1981. The need for referent identification as a planned action. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI '81), pages 31--36.

....as a solitary act (referring was only used within an illocutionary act) he had to consider it a propositional speech act. The propositional content consists of an identifying description that the speaker produces with the intention of uniquely identifying the referent. Contrary to Searle, Cohen (1981; 1984) treats referring as an illocutionary act, explain4 Before Austin, it was thought that all utterances expressed assertions, true or false, about the world. 5 These changes are referred to as perlocutionary effects, and the speaker hopes that they are his intended effects. ing that ....

.... Traditionally, researchers of referring expressions have assumed the following: that the agents have mutual knowledge 7 of the objects referred to (Appelt, 1985a; Appelt and Kronfeld, 1987; Heeman and Hirst, 1992; Searle, 1969) are copresent with these objects (Heeman and Hirst, 1992; Cohen, 1981), or have the objects in their focus of attention (Reiter and Dale, 1992; Grosz and Sidner, 1986) This type of reference corresponds to the speaker intending that the hearer either know the referent or identify it immediately, and to what Appelt (1985c) calls shared concept activation with ....

Cohen, P. R. (1981). The need for referent identification as a planned action. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-81), pages 31--36.

....of the system. The system then switches back to the role of hearer and waits for a response from the other copy. In the rest of this section, we give a brief overview of the model; details may be found in references [20, 21] 3. 3 Plans for referring We extend the earlier approaches of Cohen [9] and Appelt [2] in planning not only the occurrence of a referring expression but also, at the same level, its content. We use a surface speech action, s refer, to express the speaker s intention to refer, and a surface speech action, s attrib, for each attribute that the referent can be ....

Cohen, Philip R. 1981. "The need for referent identification as a planned action." Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-81), Vancouver, 1981, 31--36.

....and waits Hirst et al.: Repairing converational misunderstandings 7 for a response from the other copy. In the rest of this section, we give a brief overview of the model; details are given by Heeman (1991) and Heeman and Hirst (1994) 3. 3 Plans for referring We extend the earlier approaches of Cohen (1981) and Appelt (1985b) in planning not only the occurrence of a referring expression but also, at the same level, its content. We use a surface speech action, s refer, to express the speaker s intention to refer, and a surface speech action, s attrib, for each attribute that the referent can be ....

....the knowledge of how a description can allow a hearer to identify an object. The constraints express the conditions under which an attribute can be used to refer to an object; for instance, that it be mutually believed that the object has a certain attribute (Clark and Marshall, 1981, Perrault and Cohen, 1981, Nadathur and Joshi, 1983) In addition, the intermediate plans have constraints that keep track of the potential referents, so as to ensure that the referring expression includes sufficient descriptors so that the hearer can (in the speaker s opinion) identify the referent (Dale, 1989, Reiter, ....

Cohen, Philip R. (1981). "The need for referent identification as a planned action." Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-81), Vancouver, 31--36.

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Cohen, Philip R. The need for Referent Identification as a Planned Action. Proceedings of IJCAI-81. Vancouver. B.C., Canada, August, 1981, pp. 31-35.

No context found.

Philip R. Cohen. The need for referent identification as a planned action. In IJCAI-81 [505], pages 31--36.

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Philip R. Cohen (1981), "The need for referent identification as a planned action", Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-81), Vancouver, pp. 31--36.

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