R. Govindan, A. Reddy, "An Analysis of Inter-Domain Topology and Route Stability," in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 1997, Kobe, Japan.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... belong to the same router and which routers belong to the same AS [6] Running experiments between multiple source destination pairs provides a larger collection of paths over time [6] 7] 8] Other studies have extracted AS paths directly from BGP routing tables or BGP update messages [9], 10] The routing table dump from the University of Oregon RouteViews server [11] 12] has been the basis of several studies of basic topological properties, such as the distribution of node degrees [13] 14] With the exception of the work in [10] 15] these studies have focused on the ....

....approach for detecting sibling relationships in more detail as part of future work. V. INTERNET HIERARCHY In addition to inferring the relationship between AS pairs, it is useful to identify the position of each AS in the Internet hierarchy. Previous work has classified ASes based on node degree [9]; ASes with a large number of neighbors are placed above ASes with small node degree. However, a simple degreebased approach may not capture the essence of the tiers in the hierarchy. Instead, we classify ASes based on the commercial relationships derived in the previous section. Typically, a ....

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R. Govindan and A. Reddy, "An analysis of inter-domain topology and route stability," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, April 1997.

....metric. POW lives comfortably with route updates, which are typically on time scales of seconds. POW might not function well were routes changing dynamically and frequently. Fortunately, routes in today s Internet backbones are extremely stable, with average route lifetimes lasting several days [Gov97]. 2.2 Node Design A functional diagram of the POW node is shown in Fig. 2. The IP router is a general purpose computing platform, such as a personal computer,used as a forwarding engine.The use of a special purpose IP router would also be possible, but this would require implementers to have ....

R. Govindan and A. Reddy, "An Analysis of InterDomain Topology and Route Stability", Proc. IEEE INFOCOM '97, Kobe, pp. 850--857,Apr. 1997.

.... belong to the same router and which routers belong to the same AS [6] Running experiments between multiple source destination pairs provides a larger collection of paths over time [6] 7] 8] Other studies have extracted AS paths directly from BGP routing tables or BGP update messages [9], 10] The routing table dump from the University of Oregon RouteViews server [11] 12] has been the basis of several studies of basic topological properties, such as the distribution of node degrees [13] 14] With the exception of the work in [10] 15] these studies have focused on the ....

....for detecting sibling relationships in more detail as part of future work. V. I NTERNET HIERARCHY In addition to inferring the relationship between AS pairs, it is useful to identify the position of each AS in the Internet hierarchy. Previous work has classified ASes based on node degree [9]; ASes with a large number of neighbors are placed above ASes with small node degree. However, a simple degreebased approach may not capture the essence of the tiers in the hierarchy. Instead, we classify ASes based on the commercial relationships derived in the previous section. Typically, a ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

R. Govindan and A. Reddy, "An analysis of inter-domain topology and route stability," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, April 1997.

.... belong to the same router and which routers belong to the same AS [6] Running experiments between multiple source destination pairs provides a larger collection of paths over time [6] 7] 8] Other studies have extracted AS paths directly from BGP routing tables or BGP update messages [9], 10] The routing table dump from the University of Oregon RouteViews server [11] 12] has been the basis of several studies of basic topological properties, such as the distribution of node degrees [13] 14] With the exception of the work in [10] these studies have focused on the ....

....for detecting sibling relationships in more detail as part of future work. V. INTERNET HIERARCHY The term tiers has been used informally in discussions about the hierarchy of ASes in the Internet topology. However, precise rules for classifying ASes into tiers have not been resolved. The work in [9] uses node degree to group ASes into different classes. ASes with a large number of neighbors are placed above ASes with a small node degree. However, a simple degree based classification may not capture the essence of tiers in the hierarchy. In this section, we infer a hierarchy that symbolizes ....

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R. Govindan and A. Reddy, "An analysis of inter-domain topology and route stability," Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 1997.

....et al. 18] have shown that there are routing policies that can cause BGP to diverge. Is it possible to guarantee that BGP will not diverge We call this the BGP convergence problem. BGP divergence could introduce a large amount of instability into the global routing system. Several studies [6, 12, 14, 13] have examined the dynamic behavior of interdomain routing and have highlighted the negative impact of unstable routes. However, we are not aware of any instance where routing instability has been caused by protocol divergence, and it is impossible to say if divergent BGP systems will arise in ....

R. Govindan and A. Reddy. An analysis of inter-domain topology and route stability. In INFOCOMM'97, 1997.

....Section 6, our study shows that more than 25 percent of prefixes are currently multihomed and non aggregatable. Further, we find that the prevalence of multi homing exhibits a relatively steep linear rate of growth. This result is consistent with some of the recent findings of Govindan and Reddy [7]. Route servers provide an additional tool to help backbone operators cope with the high levels of Internet routing instability. Each router at an exchange point normally must exchange routing information with every other peer router. This requires O(N 2 ) bilateral peering sessions, where N is ....

....instability despite the increased emphasis on aggregation and the aggressive deployment of route dampening technology. Further, recent studies have shown that the Internet topology is growing increasingly less hierarchical with the rapid addition of new exchange points and peering relationships [7]. As the topological complexity grows, the quality of Internet address aggregation will likely decrease, and the potential for instability will increase as the number of globally visible routes expands. Since commercial and mission critical applications are increasingly migrating towards using ....

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Ramesh Govindan, Anoop Reddy, "An Analysis of Inter-Domain Topology and Route Stability." To appear in the Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 1997, Kobe, Japan.

....providers, is considerably more difficult and requires close cooperation between service providers. Perhaps the largest factor contributing to poor aggregation is the increasing trend towards end sites choosing to obtain redundant connectivity to the Internet via multiple service providers [6]. This redundant connectivity, or multi homing, may require that each core Internet router maintain a more specific, or longer, prefix in addition to any less specific aggregate address block prefixes covering the multi homed site. Since the multi homed customer prefixes require global ....

....addresses. Our study shows that more than 25 percent of prefixes are currently multi homed and non aggregatable. Further, we find that the prevalence of multi homing exhibits a relatively steep linear rate of growth. This result is consistent with some of the recent findings of Govindan and Reddy [6]. A number of vendors have also implemented route dampening [22] algorithms in their routers. These algorithms hold down , or refuse to believe, updates about routes that exceed certain parameters of instability, such as exceeding a certain number of updates in an hour. A router will not process ....

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R. Govindan and A. Reddy, "An Analysis of Inter-Domain Topology and Route Stability, " in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM '97, Kobe, Japan. April 1997.

....of routing instability despite the increased emphasis on aggregation and the aggressive deployment of route dampening technology. Further, a recent study has shown that the Internet topology is becoming even less hierarchical with the rapid addition of new exchange points and peering relationships [8]. As the topological complexity grows, the quality of Internet address aggregation will likely decrease, and the potential for instability will increase as the number of globally visible routes expands. Overall, scalability is a critical aspect of the design and implementation of the Internet ....

....in deployed settings. In an earlier analysis of routing instability [13] we used data collected from BGP probe machines to identify a number of gross trends and pathologies in inter domain routing information. Other studies of routing instability include the work of Chinoy, Paxson, and Govindan [4, 19, 8]. Chinoy measured the instability of the NSFNet backbone [4] in 1993. Unlike the current commercial Internet, the now decommissioned NSFNet had a relatively simple topology and heterogeneous routing technology. Chinoy s analysis did not uncover any of the pathological behaviors or trends we ....

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R. Govindan and A. Reddy, "An Analysis of Inter-Domain Topology and Route Stability," in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM '97, Kobe, Japan. April 1997.

....to deliver a requested object from a server to a user, the designated server and communication path must allocate portion of their bandwidth to this request while video is played back for the user. Target environment: our target environment has a hierarchical architecture similar to the Internet [GR97] 1 . We characterize our target environment as follows: 1. Underlying network has a hierarchical architecture with high degree of intra and interlevel redundancy. 2. Group of servers that are connected through the network with the hierarchical architecture. 3. Servers within a level, are ....

Ramesh Govindan and Anoop Reddy. An analysis of inter-domain topology and route stability. IEEE INFOCOM, pages 119--130, April 1997.

....site. Our study shows that more than 25 percent of prefixes are currently multi homed and non aggregatable. Further, we find that the prevalence of multi homing exhibits a relatively steep linear rate of growth. This result is consistent with some of the recent findings of Govindan and Reddy [6]. Route servers provide an additional tool to help backbone operators cope with the high levels of Internet routing instability. Each router at an exchange point normally must exchange routing information with every other peer router. This requires O(N 2 ) bilateral peering sessions, where N is ....

....instability despite the increased emphasis on aggregation and the aggressive deployment of route dampening technology. Further, recent studies have shown that the Internet topology is growing increasingly less hierarchical with the rapid addition of new exchange points and peering relationships [6]. As the topological complexity grows, the quality of Internet address aggregation will likely decrease, and the potential for instability will increase as the number of globally visible routes expands. Since commercial and mission critical applications are increasingly migrating towards using the ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

R. Govindan and A. Reddy, "An Analysis of InterDomain Topology and Route Stability," in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM '97, Kobe, Japan. April 1997.

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R. Govindan and A. Reddy, "An Analysis of Inter-Domain Topology and Route Stability," in Proceedings of IEEE Infocom, 1997.

....because BGP is a path vector protocol [15] backup links connecting multi homed ASs may not show up in BGP routing table snapshots. Consequently, BGP derived AS connectivity may yield a very incomplete picture of the physical connectivity that exists in the actual Internet. The authors of [16] raise the possibility that BGP derived AS level topology snapshots may not be complete and that extracting path information from BGP updates may be a better methodology for obtaining more complete AS topologies. More recently, the router level connectivity study in [17] suggests that currently ....

R. Govindan and A. Reddy, "An Analysis of Inter-Domain Topology and Route Stability," in Proceedings of IEEE Infocom, 1997.

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R. Govindan, A. Reddy, "An Analysis of Inter-Domain Topology and Route Stability," in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 1997, Kobe, Japan.

No context found.

Ramesh Govindan and Anoop Reddy. An analysis of inter-domain topology and route stability. In Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM '97, Kobe, Japan, April 1997.

No context found.

R. Govindan and A. Reddy, "An analysis of inter-domain topology and route stability," in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOMM '97 Conference, 1997.

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R. Govindan and A. Reddy. An analysis of inter-domain topology and route stability. In Proceedings of IEEE Infocom, 1997.

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R. Govindan and A. Reddy. An analysis of inter-domain topology and route stability. In Proceedings of INFOCOM, 1997.

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