R. Weischedel. A hybrid approach to representation in the JANUS natural language processor. In The Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 193--202, 1989.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....search to handle non determinism in the parse. In the next section, we describe three methods for interfacing our logical form routines with Tomita s parser. The conclusions we draw can also be applied to more efficient parsers [7, 15] that produce other logical representations (e.g. [2, 10, 19]) in more compact forests [14] 3 Combining Logical Form with Forests: A Case Study Previously, our logical form routines were interfaced with a one parse tree at a time, top down ATN parser [8, 9] This made it relatively easy to create compositional logical form routines and interface them ....

R. Weischedel. A hybrid approach to representation in the JANUS natural language processor. In The Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 193--202, 1989.

....of XTRA: Allgayer eta . 1989] Chen and Cha, 1988] Dahlgren et al. 1989] POLYaLOSS: Emele et ai. 1990] certain of the Domain and Text Structure Objects of SPOKESMANI [Meteer, 1989] TRANSLATOR; Nirenberg et al., 1987] the Semantic Relations of SVROTRA O: Steiner eta . 1987] JANVS: [Weischedel, 1989]. Space naturally precludes detailed comparisons here: see [Bateman, 1990] for further discussion. 54 to the task of constraining linguistic realizations; gen erally we refer to this level of organization as meaning rather than as knowledge in order to distinguish it from language independent ....

....that is required for the level of meaning. We have found that the range of meanings required to support one particular generalized functional region of distinctions in detail, see the e. NMXN documentation [The Penman Project, 1989] Furthermore, the experience of the JxNus project (e.g. [Weischedel, 1989]) has been that the cost of using a suffi ciently rich logic to permit axiomatization of the complex phenomenon required is very high, motivating augmentation by an abstraction hierarchy very similar to that of the upper model and facing the same problem of definitional criteria. 57 reality ....

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Ralph M. Weischedel. A hybrid ap- proach to representation in the janus natural language processor. In 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 193202, Vancouver, British Columbia, 1989. 61

....that is compatible with the concept that semantic head (i.e. the concept associated with the constituent which has to fill such a position) denotes. There exist several possibilities to check the compatibility between two concepts within a terminological hierarchy. Within the JANUS system [Weischedel, 1989] the consistency is implemented by means of a double subsumption check that guarantees success both when semantic head is a descendant of selectional restriction and when it is an ancestor. This double subsumption test does not consider the cases, sometimes relevant, in which semantic head is a ....

Weischedel, R. M. "A Hybrid Approach to Representation in the Janus Natural Language Processor". In Proceedings of ACL-89, Vancouver, British Columbia, 1989.

....15.3 will discuss the few Description Logics based well founded approaches, where the whole semantic interpretation process has been given a logical foundation. A number of recent important projects involving Description Logics for semantic interpretation are listed below. The JANUS system [ Weischedel, 1989 ] where the consistency check of the selectional restrictions was implemented as double up and down subsumption check. The XTRA system [ Allgayer et al. 1989 ] proposing a clear distinction between the domain independent linguistically motivated part of the knowledge base (called ....

R. M. Weischedel. A hybrid approach to representation in the Janus natural language processor. In Proc. of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL'89), pages 193--202, 1989.

....words at any point. ask was actually an integrated information system, with its own built in database, and the ability to interact with external applications (e.g. external databases and e mail programs) The user could control any application connected to ask via natural language requests. janus [22, 46, 81] had similar abilities to interface to multiple systems. datalog 4 [38, 39] eufid [71, 72] ldc [13, 14] tqa [29] teli [12] were also among the numerous research prototypes of the same period. We note at this point that some natural language researchers use the term database to mean just ....

R. Weischedel. A Hybrid Approach to Representation in the JANUS Natural Language Processor. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of ACL, Vancouver, British Columbia, pages 193--202, 1989.

....Logics based Natural Language Processing 5 well founded approaches, where the whole semantic interpretation process has been given a logical foundation. A number of recent important projects involving Description Logics for semantic interpretation are listed below. The JANUS system [ Weischedel, 1989 ] where the consistency check of the selectional restrictions was implemented as double up and down subsumption check. The XTRA system [ Allgayer et al. 1989 ] proposing a clear distinction between the domain independent linguistically motivated part of the knowledge base (called ....

R. M. Weischedel. A hybrid approach to representation in the Janus natural language processor. In Proc. of ACL'89, 1989.

.... logics to represent the logical form of a sentence has been elsewhere emphasized (see e.g. Lavelli et al. 1992 ] description logics have been successfully applied in many working natural language dialogue systems, like XTRA [ Allgayer et al. 1989 ] PENMAN [ Bateman et al. 1990 ] JANUS [ Weischedel,1989 ] The main Natural Language project at IRST is the development of the AlFresco (Automatic LanguageFresco) interactive system, a multimodal dialogue prototype for the exploration of italian history, speci cally fourteenth century painters and frescoes [ Stock,1991; Stock et al. 1993 ] A ....

R. M. Weischedel. A hybrid approach to representation in the Janus natural language processor. In Proc. of ACL-89, Vancouver, British Columbia, 1989.

....programs, and other computer applications. All the applications connected to Ask were accessible to the end user through natural language requests. The user stated his her requests in English, and Ask transparently generated suitable requests to the appropriate underlying systems. Janus [59] 81] [102] [17] had similar abilities to interface to multiple underlying systems (databases, expert systems, graphics devices, etc) All the underlying systems could participate in the evaluation of a natural language request, without the user ever becoming aware of the heterogeneity of the overall system. ....

R. Weischedel. A Hybrid Approach to Representation in the JANUS Natural Language Processor. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of ACL, Vancouver, British Columbia, pages 193--202, 1989.

....for the representation of conceptual meanings at a high level of abstraction while still maintaining a mapping to linguistic form. This functional region corresponds with the Systemic Functional Linguistic notion of the experiential 9 Furthermore, the experience of the janus project (e.g. [43]) has been that the cost of using a sufficiently rich logic to permit axiomatization of the complex phenomenon required is very high, motivating augmentation by an abstraction hierarchy very similar to that of the upper model and facing the same problem of definitional criteria. reality ....

Weischedel, Ralph M. (1989) `A hybrid approach to representation in the Janus Natural Language Processor'. In 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Vancouver, British Columbia, pp193-202.

....search to handle non determinism in the parse. In the next section, we describe three methods for interfacing our logical form routines with Tomita s parser. The conclusions we draw can also be applied to more efficient parsers [7, 15] that produce other logical representations (e.g. [2, 10, 19]) in more compact forests [14] 3 Combining Logical Form with Forests: A Case Study Previously, our logical form routines were interfaced with a one parse tree at a time, top down ATN parser [8, 9] This made it relatively easy to create compositional logical form routines and interface them ....

R. Weischedel. A hybrid approach to representation in the JANUS natural language processor. In The Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 193--202, 1989.

.... earliest attempts at this level of abstraction to provide an extensive set of concepts and relationships for nlp systems, the upper model strategy has since been taken up in a number of systems (e.g. lilog [ Klose et al. 1992 ] and also explicitly rejected in a number of others (e.g. janus [ Weischedel, 1989 ] Given the more extensive theoretical background presented in this paper, it should now be clearer why we have adopted the Upper Model. Moreover, we can directly relate most of the good features of the Upper Model to this theoretical foundation, and most of its bad features to the extent to ....

Ralph M. Weischedel. A hybrid approach to representation in the janus natural language processor. In 27th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 26-29 June 1989, pages 193--202, Vancouver, British Columbia, 1989. The Association for Computational Linguistics.

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