H.R. Maturana and F.J. Varela. The tree of knowledge: the biological roots of human understanding. 1988.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....their own interests because their identity, skills, and reputation as master rely on the continuous existence of the community. Therefore, from the perspective of the community to which each member belongs, an individual s altruistic behavior is altruistically selfish and selfishly altruistic [11]. 5. Learning as the Motivation Without software developers who are motivated to start and contribute to OSS projects, OSS projects cannot succeed. Factors that affect motivation are both intrinsic (cognitive) and extrinsic (social) The precondition for motivating developers to get involved in ....

Maturana, H.R., and F.J. Varela. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Shambhala Publicaions, Boston, MA, 1998.

....again if the stable OSS system inspires new ideas or new requirements, giving birth to New ExplorationOriented or Utility Oriented OSS projects, which will again mature into new Service Oriented ones. This process is similar to the biological evolutionary process. According to Maturana and Varela [11], changes are determined by the structure of an organism and a perturbation. A perturbation itself does not determine how the organism evolves, but it triggers the organism to change its structure. The evolved organism with its new structure affects the outer environment and produces another ....

Maturana, H.R., and F.J. Varela. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Shambhala Publications, Boston, MA, 1998.

....selforganisation, social ecosystem. 1. Theoretical Background 1 The paper draws on the theories of complexity to support its arguments. These theories include work on complex adaptive systems [11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 37] dissipative structures [35, 37, 38] chaos theory [12] autopoiesis [23, 24, 25, 26], and increasing returns [2, 3] The work of the LSE Complexity Programme has focused on complex social systems, and specifically on human systems and organisations. It does not map directly from any of the sciences, but uses the generic characteristics common to all complex systems as a starting ....

Maturana H R, & Varela F, The Tree of Knowledge: Biological Roots of Human Understanding, Shambhala, Boston, 1992

....the famous Paradox of the Liar is a direct production of the Fixed Point Theorem. Lambda domains have been formalized and partially tamed for the sake of mathematical foundations and computer science. Philosophical biologists and cyberneticians such as F. Varela [10] H. Maturana and F. Varela [11] L. H. Kauffman and F. Varela [12] Heinz von Foerster [13] and L. H. Kauffman [14] have written eloquently of the basic nature of reflexive domains in relation to the biological and linguistic view of Nature inseparable from her sentient creations. Leibniz, seventeenth century philosopher, ....

H. R. Maturana and F. J. Varela, "The Tree of Knowledge -- The Biological Roots of Human Understanding", New Science Library (1987).

.... to model the relationship between the dynamics of an agent and that of its environment, which are better thought of as a whole entertaining a relationship of structural coupling, that is, a history of recurrent interactions leading to the structural congruence between two or more systems (Maturana and Varela, 1987 p.75) Draft. To appear in J. Bliss, P. Light, R. Saljo, eds. Learning Sites: Social and Technological Contexts for Learning, Elsevier, 1997. 8 8 The notion of situatedness itself is interpreted in various ways by different researchers. For some, being embedded in some world is enough to ....

Maturana, H.R. and Varela, F.J. (1987). The tree of knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding. Boston: New Science Library.

....activity on the Internet, but not much recently. It is also worth mentioning that there is a substantial overlap between the communities interested in enaction with the one interested in autopoiesis a concept that aims at characterising an organisational principle of the living entities (see [Maturana and Varela 1987] for instance) although the latter has been more active. Anyway, complementing the practical aspects of enaction that Brook s work epitomises (at least from Varela s viewpoint) for an in depth account of the philosophical issues that come out of enaction, and their analysis within the context ....

....in a coherent way, was in the context of enaction. In particular, it is a recognition to the biological roots of enaction, epitomized by the concept of evolution as natural drift, the view of biological evolution that was developed in an interwined fashion with enaction, as put forward in [Maturana and Varela 1987]. From a very general perspective, evolution as natural drift could well be summed up as the view of evolution that also recognises self organisation as another major component in biological evolution, thus stressing the necessity of going beyond the predominant view that natural selection ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Shambhala Press, Boston, 1987.

....be clear so far. First, any evolution in Enact is indeed, coevolution, any evolutionary process then becoming the process of coevolving coupled movement among the members of the population. Second, all coevolutionary activity happens without the progressive improvement of 4 This term is due to [13]. characters that natural selection induces along organisms lineages in the form of adaptations. With the latter point in mind, what is the evolutionary process left with This question is addressed next. Exapted Characters by Sequences of Nonaptations In addition to the impossibility of ....

H. R. Maturana & F. Varela. "The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding". Shambala: Boston, 1988.

.... of rationality [87] The behavior oriented approach defines intelligence in terms of observed behavior and self preservation (or autonomy) see e.g. 124] 76] It is based on the idea that the essence of biological systems is their capacity to continuously preserve and adapt themselves [71]: The behavior of a system is intelligent to the extent that it maximises the chances for self preservation of that system in a particular environment. 7 The drive towards self preservation applies to all levels of complexity: genes, cells, multi cellular structures, plants, animals, groups of ....

....behavior systems are not orthogonal or not temporally ordered by the interaction dynamics, partial) control of the actuators must take into account the fact that other behavior systems will have an impact at the same time. In these cases the interaction must be regulated by structural coupling [71] or co adaptation: Behavior systems develop in the context of other behavior systems and their internal structure and functioning hence reflects this context. More complex control situations require the introduction of motivational variables which causally influence behavior systems and which have ....

Maturana, H.R. and F.J. Varela (1987) The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological roots of Human Understanding. Shamhala Press, Boston.

....science audience. Just as the mainstream Cartesian paradigm is generally not argued for in papers that assume it, the alternative view will not be argued for here. Arguments for versions of it, expressed far better than I could, can be found in, e.g. Dreyfus 1972, Gibson 1979, Agre 1988, Maturana and Varela 1987, Varela et al. 1991) which should not be taken as implying that these authors would agree with each other. What will be suggested in this paper is that the mainstream Cartesian paradigm has gravely restricted the class of connectionist models that have in practice been investigated. Two ....

H.R. Maturana and F.J. Varela. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Shambhala Press, Boston, 1987.

....phenomena are by definition observed at a global level, they depend on the existence of an observer [105] It is the observer who attributes emotions, intelligence, or will to the resulting observed behavior. For further relevant discussions on this topic, see Langton [88, 89] Maturana and Varela [106], or Steels [144] 3.2.2 Plans as Advice One of the important ways in which behavioral control differs from planning is that behavioral control uses plans to guide, not control action [4] Gat and others strongly advocate Agre and 15 Chapmans plans as advice or plans as communication theory ....

H. R. Maturana and F. J. Varela. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. New Science Library, Boston, MA, 1988. 160

....GOFAI work, before coming around to a very different viewpoint. A different Heideggerian perspective is given in (Wheeler, 1996) within (Boden, 1996) The relevance of Merleau Ponty is drawn out in (Lemmen, 1998) A different perspective that is similarly opposed to the Cartesian cut is given in (Maturana and Varela, 1987; Varela et al. 1991) A much more general textbook on robotics that is written from a situated and embodied perspective is (Pfeifer and Scheier, 1999) Heidegger rejects the simplistic objective view, that the objective physical world is the primary reality that we can be certain of. He ....

Maturana, H. and Varela, F. (1987). The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Shambhala Press, Boston.

.... Learning about learning (about why, when, what and how to learn) learning under resource limitations (anytime learning, memory management, role of forgetting) are the processes of learning and problem solving really different van de Velde 90] Are learning and adaptation really different [Maturana and Varela] integration with physical behaving systems, robots [van de Velde 92] while taking into account recent results from robotics [Maes 90] biology [Maturana and Varela] and epistemology [Clancey 85] 13 ] The ultimate goal, of course, is to construct an architecture that embodies the answers ....

Maturana, H R , and Varela, F J (1992), The Tree of Knowledge: the biological roots of human understanding. Shambala: Boston.

....helps impose order on a chaotic reality. Therefore, an information system can be viewed as a controlling and structuring mechanism for placing order on chaotic reality. The challenge is to match this control and structure mechanism to the underlying pattern in the chaos of reality. The problem (Maturana and Varela 1992; Star 1993) is that we live in a world of multiple realities. This research suggests that relaxing controls, straying outside the bounds of rigid project management, and allowing students to set their own boundaries allows for a richer solution space. Information Systems Information systems are ....

Maturana, H. R., and Varela, F. J. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding, Revised Edition, Shambhala Publishers, Inc., New York, 1992.

No context found.

H.R. Maturana and F.J. Varela. The tree of knowledge: the biological roots of human understanding. 1988.

No context found.

Maturana, H. R. &Varela, F. J. (1987) The tree of knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding. New Science Library: Boston.

No context found.

Maturana, H. R. &Varela, F. J. (1987) The tree of knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding. New Science Library: Boston.

No context found.

Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela, The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding, 1998, Shambhala Publications, Boston MA

No context found.

Maturana, H. & Varela, F. (1987), The Tree of Knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding. Boston, MA: New Science Library.

No context found.

Maturana, Humberto R, Francisco J. Varela, The tree of knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding, Revised Edition, Shambhala, Boston, 1992.

No context found.

H. R. Maturana and F. J. Varela, "The Tree of Knowledge -- The Biological Roots of Human Understanding", New Science Library (1987).

No context found.

H. R. Maturana and F. J. Varela. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. New Science Library, Boston, MA, 1988. 160

No context found.

Maturana, H., and Varella, F. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. New Science Library, 1987.

No context found.

IEEE Press. Maturana, H. and Varela, F. (1987) The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding.

No context found.

H. R. Maturana and F. J. Varela, The Tree of Knowledge: the Biological Roots of Human Understanding, revised edition, Shambala Publications, Inc., 1992.

No context found.

Maturana, H.R. and F.J. Varela. 1987. The Tree of Knowledge: the biological roots of human understanding. Shambhala.

First 50 documents

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC