Z. Diskin and B. Cadish. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. To appear in Proc.Int.Symp.on Methodologies for Information Systems, Springer LNAI'?, 1995.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... the problem are familiar to every categorist, eg, the up to isomorphism definedness of certain diagram operations (namely, those which are determined by universal properties) As for non object creating queries, they can be treated categorially if one introduce the notion of inclusion (ISA) arrow ([9, 17]) The problem area outlined above needs, first of all, a careful development of the corresponding con 4 we call a diagram any non empty part of the underlying graph, in contrast to the ER tradition, where a diagram is the entire specification structions of diagram operations over ....

.... is straightforward) and diagram operations (which is technically non trivial, problem 1) From the view point of AI, the focus of the research can be described as developing graphical formalisms supporting semantic schemas for data and knowledge representation, and manipulations with them as well ([15, 17]) From the DB theory view point, the essence of the extensional part is in developing precisely formalized object oriented graph based data model. Its crucial distinction from other data models developed in DB is in provable universality with respect to simulating arbitrary formal data ....

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Z. Diskin and B. Cadish. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. To appear in Proc.Int.Symp.on Methodologies for Information Systems, Springer LNAI'?, 1995.

.... to some correspondence information is a diagram S 1 oe ae 1 S CI hInti S Int 1 oe 2 S 2 ae 2 where the triple (S CI ; ae 1 ; ae 2 ) specifies correspondence between S 1 and S 2 (S CI is the correspondence schema) and hInti is the marker of the integration operation (see [8] for details) 1.2 Remark. In Appendix B below we will demonstrate a remarkable duality of two infamous problems: view updates and lossless (preserving information capacity) refinements when they are algebraically formulated in our framework. The premise of this duality can be seen immediately ....

....once more its suitability for any data model. On the other hand, sketches are important themselves since they form a powerful specification paradigm capable to emulate any formalizable data model. Actually, we believe that sketches can be very useful in practice of data modeling. In papers [7, 8, 5] we have demonstrated the suitability of our framework for managing schema integration. The focus of the present paper is on specifying views and refinements. In particular, we show that the schema grid introduced in [3] is a very special case of the much more general construction of metasketch ....

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B. Cadish and Z. Diskin. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. In Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Proc. 9th Int.Symposium, ISMIS'96, Springer LNAI'1079, pages 603--612, 1996.

....theory into the field of conceptual modeling. In particular, schema transformation is reduced to a graph based counterpart of algebraic term rewriting the so called diagram chasing (a small example of the procedure is shown in section A. 3) Effectiveness of the approach was demonstrated in [7, 8] where an algebraic sketch based methodology for heterogeneous view integration is developed. By suggesting sketches we do not wish to force all practitioners and researchers to use the same universal graphical language let everyone use that collection of graphical constructs one likes. What we ....

B. Cadish and Z. Diskin. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. In Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Proc. 9th Int.Symposium, ISMIS'96, Springer LNAI'1079, pages 603--612, 1996.

....machinery, and the success hardly can be achieved with ad hoc approaches built from scratch. This explains the far from ideal situation in the modern SM and, on the other hand, suggests that CT should possess a great potential for software engineering applications. Indeed, it was demonstrated in [13, 29, 8, 10, 19] that even initial categorical arrangement of standard specification languages used in SM leads to practically useful results. This success is remarkable and supports the claim. It would be however too optimistic to hope that CT in its current state is immediately applicable for systematic using ....

....is often is a key to the correct DB design) The question is how one should consider the Married node in the global schema. An abundance of papers were devoted to the integration problem but a sufficiently general consistent approach beyond ad hoc solutions was not found (see discussion in [10]) Well, CT gives a clue: a relation is a set R together with a jointly monic family of arrows (projections) p i : R E i , i = 1; m, so that specifying internal structure of R objects is removed to an arrow diagram adjoint to the node, and the problem of entity relationship clash ....

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B. Cadish and Z. Diskin. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. In Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Proc. 9th Int.Symposium, ISMIS'96, Springer LNAI'1079, pages 603--612, 1996.

.... [DS=complex,PS=simple] were developed and utilized in [12, 13] These latter papers aim at technology development rather than purely computer science research, in particular, the sketch based solution of the long standing problem of heterogeneous view integration was found (it is described in [5, 6]) Modeling transactions (the square [complex,complex] is in the stage of initial development if to speak about technology. Metadata modeling (interpretation 7, the plane PS=0) was developed in [15, 9] and in [10] an integral data model independent framework for specifying database architecture ....

B. Cadish and Z. Diskin. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. In Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Proc. 9th Int.Symposium, ISMIS'96, Springer LNAI'1079, pages 603--612, 1996.

....marker signatures but this variety is not diversity: sketches in different signatures are nevertheless sketches, and they can be compared and integrated by special methods. Moreover, signatures are also specified by sketches and signature integration is reduced to sketch integration described in [8]. Anyway, in many practically interesting cases signature integration is not difficult. The view systems as sketches framework is polymorphic in its nature, that is, is suitable for any data model: one must only define what are schemas and their mappings. In particular, the framework can be ....

....data about correspondence between component schemas. Federal superview schemas S I a ; S I b are obtained by integration of component schemas with the correspondence information schemas (an automated procedure of sketch integration in the presence of inter schema conflicts was proposed in [6, 8]) The arcs hung on arrows coming into S I a ; S I b denote the cover constraint (Table 1) They show that each item of the integrated schema can be found in either one of the component schemas or in the correspondence schema. In the explanation column on the right of Fig. 7, data model means ....

B. Cadish and Z. Diskin. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. In Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Proc. 9th Int.Symposium, ISMIS'96, Springer LNAI'1079, pages 603--612, 1996.

....Category theory is well known as a high level polymorphic framework suitable for specifying complex structures and formalisms. Quite unexpectedly, however, it turned out that even elementary category theory notions can be valuable in practice of software engineering (see [JD93, DDJ93, CD95, CD96] and in the summer of 1994 we wrote a manifesto ( CD94] the first version of the present one a ) to claim our belief in the extreme fruitfulness of incorporating the category theory (CT) machinery into the database (DB) area. That time we did not know about works by Johnson with coauthors ....

.... of our previous predictions: the list of (CT DB) publications is actually growing (though not so rapidly as we hoped) and at a recent International Workshop ( BKZ95] there was a special section on (CT DB) and it seems that methodologies being developed in Sydney ( JD93, DDJ93] and Riga ( CD95, CD96] meet some (methodological, of course, but partly also technological) challenges in the DB area. As before, we forecast an intensive growth of CT and DB interaction and present below the third version of our manifesto in which the text is slightly revised and the bibliography list is updated. ....

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B. Cadish and Z. Diskin. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. In Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Proc. 9th Int.Symposium, ISMIS'96, Springer LNAI'1079, pages 603--612, 1996.

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B. Cadish and Z. Diskin. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. To appear in Proc.Int.Symp.on Methodologies for Information Systems, Springer LNAI'?, 1996.

....supporting semantic specification languages like various ER diagrams, semantic networks etc. Here the concept of generalized sketch introduced in [9, 6, 7] see also [5, 11, 6] provides a solution, and even the initial steps have led to information modeling methodologies of real practical value ([11, 4, 2, 3]) On the intensional level, the goal is to offer a graphical yet precise formal language for reasoning about such things as, say, a system of views over a database (DB) schema, or a system of DBs connected into a federal environment, or a system of different query languages in the same ....

B. Cadish and Z. Diskin. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. To appear in Proc.Int.Symp.on Methodologies for Information Systems, Springer LNAI' ?, 1995.

....to equalities between graph elements. We call the approach AGO since its general characteristic consists in the AlgebraicGraph Oriented nature of all its constructs and procedures. This paper outlines the main concepts of our approach relevant to integration of schemas. Reader should consult [8, 6, 7] for more detail and examples. Problems of data integration (that is, computing queries on the virtual schema) are touched upon in [5] Sketches. The core of AGO is a family of graph based specification languages in which specifications are directed multigraphs endowed with a labeling formalism of ....

B. Cadish and Z. Diskin. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. To appear in Proc.Int.Symp.on Methodologies for Information Systems, Springer LNAI'?, 1995.

....coincide. In addition, if a pair X Y is declared to be a functional dependency in S then its f image, the pair X 0 Y 0 , must be a functional dependency in S 0 . Another example of a category which can be taken as Schema is the category of special semantic schemas, sketches, described in [11, 7] (see also [12] for a more thorough presentation) Sketches is an advanced generalization and extension of ER diagrams. Briefly, they are are graphical constructs consisting of three kinds of items: 5 One may think of abstract schemas as database schemas in some fixed DDL but this is only an ....

....data about correspondence between component schemas. Federal superview schemas S I a ; S I b are obtained by integration of component schemas with the correspondence information schemas (an automated procedure of sketch integration in the presence of inter schema conflicts was proposed in [6, 7]) The arcs hung on arrows coming into S I a ; S I b denote the cover constraint (Table 1) They show that each item of the integrated schema can be found in either one of the component schemas or in the correspondence schema. In the explanation column on the right of Fig. 4, data model means ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

B. Cadish and Z. Diskin. Heterogenious view integration via sketches and equations. In Foundations of Intelligent Systems, Proc. 9th Int.Symposium, ISMIS'96, Springer LNAI'1079, pages 603--612, 1996.

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