H. Barlow, C. Blakemore, and J.D. Pettigrew. The neural mechanisms of binocular depth discrimination. Journal of Physiology (London), 193:327-342, 1967.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....OF OCULAR DOMINANCE STRIPES Because the left and the right eye pathways do not converge before V1, the existence of binocular neurons in V1 (Hubel Wiesel, 1970) suggests that the information from both eyes is recombined there. Moreover, many binocular neurons in V1 are disparity tuned. (Barlow et al. 1967), Poggio Fischer, 1977) This requires intracortical wiring which connects cortical columns containing left right eye representations of an object. To minimize the wirelength, the distance between these columns should be as small as possible. 2 For a given magnitude of binocular disparity, the ....

Barlow, H.B., Blakemore, C. & Pettigrew, J.D. (1967). The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination. J Physiol (Lond) 193, 327-42.

.... parameters were determined by varying the length, width, color, orientation, and binocular disparity (in setup 1) Using this optimal stimulus, we then determined the minimum response field , which was defined as the minimum visual field region outside which the stimulus did not evoke a response (Barlow et al. 1967). In other words, the bar has to enter this region to evoke a response. The size of the minimum response field characterizes the precision of positional information in the neural responses (see Results) This field is generally smaller than the area of summation that is apparent when stimuli of ....

Barlow HB, Blakemore C, Pettigrew JD (1967) The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination. J Physiol (Lond) 193:327--342.

....space and time, have band pass characteristics in spatial and temporal frequency and are selective to some preferred orientation. In addition, many are selective to direction of movement, chromatic contrast, and or binocular disparity; see e.g. DeValois et al. 1982; Livingstone and Hubel, 1984; Barlow et al. 1967). Why do the neurons respond the way they do Barlow s (1989) proposal is that the neurons perform redundancy reduction, and make up a factorial code for the input data, i.e. a representation with independent components. Representing the data in this way would be useful for detecting new ....

....of tuned cells. The clear asymmetry between the near and far groups is probably due to the much larger range of possible disparities for near than for far stimuli: Disparities for objects closer than xation can in principle grow arbitrarily large whereas disparities for far objects are limited (Barlow et al. 1967). It is important to note that completely linear units (simple cells) cannot have very selective disparity tuning. Also, since the disparity tuning curves vary with the stimulus, the concept disparity tuning curve is not even well dened (Zhu and Qian, 1996) However, disparity tuning is still ....

Barlow, H. B., Blakemore, C., and Pettigrew, J. D. (1967). The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination. Journal of Physiology, 193:327342.

....cortex is concerned with, among other things, decorrelating the binocular inputs [10] It predicts a distribution of monocular binocular and disparity selective cells and their relationship with the receptive field sizes and orientations. They agree well with experimental observations (e.g. [2, 5, 3, 8]) and are motivating experimental tests [12] 2 Chapter 1 Visual developments under strabismus, excessive binocular correlation, normal environment, and monocular deprivation give very different ocular correlation structures. This paper applies the stereo coding theory to explain the consequent ....

Barlow, H. B., Blakemore, C. and Pettigrew J. D. 1967. "The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination." J. Physiol. 193 327-342.

....differ only by their strengths of input and a possible position shift in the locations of their RF centers, Fig. 1a, but that they have identical internal organization of ON and OFF subregions (e.g. Hubel and Wiesel, 1962; Maske et al. 1984) Such position shifts have been shown to exist (e.g. Barlow et al. 1967; Nikara et al. 1968; Joshua and Bishop, 1970) However, the reverse correlation technique revealed that left and right eye RFs often also differ by a phase shift in the arrangement of their ON and OFF subregions relative to their RF centers (Freeman and Ohzawa, 1990; DeAngelis et al. 1991, ....

....retinal correspondence. When both eyes foveate a distant star, the image of each other star in the sky falls on geometrically corresponding retinal points. Many studies have determined mean right eye and left eye retinotopic positions that provide input to single positions in cortex (e.g. Barlow et al. 1967; Nikara et al. 1968; Joshua and Bishop, 1970; von der Heydt et al. 1978; Cooper and Pettigrew, 1979; Pettigrew et al. 1984; Pettigrew and Dreher, 1987) These studies have shown that the mean lefteye and right eye RFs at single cortical positions need not represent geometrical CRPs (cf. Barlow ....

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Barlow HB, Blakemore C, Pettigrew JD (1967) The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination. J Physiol 193:327--342.

.... de nes the disparities that lead to stereoscopic depth The usual answer is that matched luminance de ned edges from the two images produce depth perception [27, 28] Physiological studies have also found that there are neurons in the visual cortex which respond to disparity of luminance edges [29, 30]. Current computational models for human stereopsis are based on the matching of corresponding luminance edges in the pair of stereo images. Edge points and edge segments are the most popular matching tokens. Low level tokens such as edge points have been used in early work in stereo vision [31, ....

H. B. Barlow, C. Blakemore, and J. D. Pettigrew, \The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination, " Journal of Physiology, vol. 193, no. 2, pp. 327-342, Nov. 1967.

....Binocular Neurons in the Primary Visual Cortex David J. Fleet David J. Heeger Hermann Wagner 1. 1 Introduction Neurons sensitive to binocular disparity have been found in the visual cortex of many mammals and in the visual wulst of the owl, and are thought to play a significant role in stereopsis [Barlow et al. 1967, Nikara et al. 1968, Hubel and Wiesel, 1970, Clarke et al. 1976, Pettigrew and Konishi, 1976, Poggio and Fischer, 1977, Fischer and Kruger, 1979, Ferster, 1981, Poggio and Talbot, 1981, Ohzawa and Freeman, 986a, Ohzawa and Freeman, 986b, LeVay and Voigt, 1988, Ohzawa et al. 1990, DeAngelis et ....

....response from the reference cell, one can track eye movements. Interestingly, it is not necessary to track eye drift in the owl, as their eye movements are negligible [Steinbach and Money, 1973] In the cat, early reports gave a range of Sigma3 ffi for the distribution of preferred disparities [Barlow et al. 1967]. Later studies using a reference cell method found that the range of preferred disparities of tuned excitatory cells in area 17 is less than 1 ffi for eccentricities up to 8 ffi [Ferster, 1981, LeVay and Voigt, 1988] In the owl, the range of preferred disparities was found to be Sigma2:5 ....

Barlow, H. B., Blakemore, C., and Pettigrew, J. D. (1967). The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination. Journal of Physiology (London), 193:327--342.

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H. Barlow, C. Blakemore, and J.D. Pettigrew. The neural mechanisms of binocular depth discrimination. Journal of Physiology (London), 193:327-342, 1967.

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Barlow, H. B., Blakemore, C. and Pettigrew J. D. 1967. The neural mechanism of binocular depth discrimination. J. Physiol. 193 327-342.

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