D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM '96, pages 40--52, Stanford, CA, August 1996.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....requests to a component) Such probes can be implemented once, avoiding code replication across components. Application specific optimizations: Application specializations are a well known way of improving a particular application s performance based on knowledge only held by the application [18, 20, 22, 53]. Using online reconfiguration, an application can provide a new specialized component and swap it with the existing component implementation. This allows applications to optimize any component in the system without requiring system developers to add explicit hooks to replace each one. ....

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: applicationspecific handlers for high-performance messaging. ACM SIGCOMM Conference, August 1996.

....primitives. Resource management is thus delegated to library operating systems, which can be readily modi fied to suit the needs of individual applications, resulting in good extensibility. One technique applied in Exokernels is downloading code in the form of Application Specific Safe Handlers [35] that perform low latency, applicationspecific processing of network messages, thereby avoiding the overhead of application scheduling and dispatching. In common with the Exokernel approach, user level sandboxing enables services and extensions to be linked into process address spaces, along with ....

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. Ashs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In ACM Communication Architectures, Protocols, and Applications (SIGCOMM '96), 1996.

....application specific, user configurable libraries, allowing ordinary users fine grained control. Alternatively, extensions were developed for both operating systems to allow applications to define application specific handlers that may be installed directly into the kernel (Plexus [14] and ASHs [27]) Operating systems such as Scout [21] and x kernel [16] were designed explicitly to support sophisticated network based applications. In these systems, users may even redefine network or transport layer protocol functions in an application specific fashion [6] With TESLA, our goal is to ....

WALLACH, D. A., ENGLER, D. R., AND KAASHOEK, M. F. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for highperformance messaging. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM '96 (Aug. 1996), pp. 40--52.

....threads, rather than over the ordering of requests for a particular resource. 2.1 Approaches to customized resource management A number of systems have attempted to remedy this problem by exposing greater resource control to applications. Scheduler activations [7] application specific handlers [143], user level virtual memory managers [58, 93] and operating systems such as SPIN [16] Exokernel [70] and Nemesis [87] are all attempts to augment limited operating system interfaces by giving applications the ability to specialize the policy decisions made by the kernel. Application specific ....

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '96 Conference: Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication, pages 40--52, Stanford, California, August 1996.

....cluster processing[8, 32] In contrast, Alpine is focused on normal applications that use normal networking APIs. 2. Per application specialization. Many have shown that special kernel modifications or downloadable kernel code make application specialization of the networking stack possible [7, 9, 14, 15, 21, 24, 27, 29, 33]. Alpine supports specialization, but this is not its focus. Since our design constraints include requiring no kernel or application modifications, Alpine cannot achieve the high performance of many of these systems. 3. Simplified development. Work has also been done to make kernel development ....

D. Wallach, D. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. Computer Communications Review, 26(4):40--52, October 1996.

....to adapt their behavior to changing conditions. Virtualization fundamentally hides the fact that resources are limited and shared [61] A number of systems have attempted to remedy this problem by exposing more control to applications. Scheduler activations [5] application specific handlers [59], and operating systems such as SPIN [11] Exokernel [28] and Nemesis [34] are all attempts to augment limited operating system interfaces by giving applications the ability to specialize the policy decisions made by the kernel. However, the design of these systems is still based on ....

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Applicationspecific handlers for high-performance messaging. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM '96 Conference: Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication, pages 40--52, Stanford, California, August 1996.

....Pushback [26, 18] mechanisms described in Section 4. The FLAME system described here attempts to provide an efficient system structure and a fine grained protection model. We rely on a safe C like language called Cyclone [17] and an efficient kernel level packet handling technique derived from ASH [43]; these maximize safety without sacrificing functionality. The implementation and the experimental applications instantiated on this system show that this approach adds substantial value to a measurement infrastructure and is a promising venue for further investigation. The rest of this paper is ....

Deborah A. Wallach, Dawson R. Engler, and M. Frans Kaashoek. Ashs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In Proc. 1996 ACM SIGCOMM Conference, August 1996.

....service may be many times that of the average, and services must deal gracefully with unexpected increases in demand. A number of systems have attempted to remedy the problems with OS virtualization by exposing more control to applications. Scheduler activations [1] application specific handlers [29], and operating systems such as SPIN [3] Exokernel [12] and Nemesis [17] are attempts to augment limited operating system interfaces by giving applications the ability to specialize the policy decisions made by the kernel. However, the design of these systems is still based on the ....

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '96 Conference: Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication, pages 40--52, Stanford, California, August 1996.

....in this report, their work applies only to network host nodes. Work has also been done at MIT that has focused on safely exposing low level system resources to library operating systems [15] A related activity also allows applications to insert customized protocol handlers into their kernels [34]. Finally, Sun Microsystems has also implemented a Java TCP IP stack for their Java OS platform [23] Though not much has been written about the details of their implementation it appears they have achieved reasonable performance which is a good omen for the AIPv6 effort. 20 Chapter 3 Node: ....

Deborah A. Wallach, Dawson R. Engler and M. Frans Kaashoek. ASHs: ApplicationSpecific Handlers for High-Performance Messaging. ACM Sigcomm, 1996.

....through the system to be managed as a unit. We intend to apply similar techniques in SEDA to provide more complex load conditioning algorithms. Much prior work has investigated scalable I O primitives for server applications. We intend to build upon mechanisms for scalable network and disk I O [2, 22, 43, 33, 9] and I O event delivery [3, 27, 34, 35] incorporating these primitives into implementations of SEDA. Sandstorm s asynchronous sockets layer makes use of the dev poll event delivery mechanism as first described by [3] The vast body of literature in scheduling algorithms is relevant to the ....

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for highperformance messaging. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '96 Conference: Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication, pages 40--52, Stanford, California, August 1996.

....been much interest in OS extension technologies, in which trusted application code is installed for execution within the OS. This allows operating systems to be customized or extended to implement application specific policies. Plexus [64] and application specific handlers in the Aegis kernel [180] are two examples of approaches to realize application specific networking via OS extensions. Packet classification: Packet filters provide general and flexible classification (i.e. demultiplexing) of incoming packets to application end points, at the lowest layer of the protocol stack. They ....

D. Wallach, D. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek, "ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging," in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, pp. 40--52, August 1996.

....storage controllers and NIs on mainframes and high end file servers, which only control the attached I O devices or run a customized TCP IP stack. The benefits of extending and configuring the resourcemanagement substrate have been studied for a wide variety of platforms, ranging from OS kernels [2, 5, 20], to NI cards [7, 9] and node controllers for distributed memory parallel machines [8, 18] The DVCM architecture builds upon this research. However, DVCM is unique in its approach to assembling a tightly coupled computing platform out of commodity components by leveraging current trends in the ....

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM'96 Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures and Protocols for Computer Communication, pages 40--52, Aug. 1996.

....for server applications, using Internet services as a specific example. While this work focuses on low level aspects of O S performance for servers (such as disk and network access overhead) it also realizes the benefit of an event driven concurrency model. Application Specific Handlers [29] are used to install application level event handlers in the kernel for added performance. This approach complements our design framework by providing novel kernel level functionality to improve I O performance. Other work has looked at improving threaded and event driven programming models. ....

Deborah A. Wallach, Dawson R. Engler, and M. Frans Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '96 Conference: Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication, pages 40--52, Stanford, California, August 1996.

....of the panStream routines and eliminate bounds checks in the common case of reading from or writing to a single contiguous region or memory. It might also be possible to make panSerGen generate code to interleave message processing steps (such as performing checksums) along with the reads or writes[33]. 4.7.5 Soft state, persistent software segments, and containers It is often desirable or neccessary for protocols to keep a degree of state within nodes in the network. Although this state is soft state (meaning that it may disappear at any time as the network is reconfigured, as nodes fail, or ....

....applications ranging from multicast to convergecast to network management to data caching. Some of these applications may demonstrate deficiencies in the existing system. Over the years, much research has been performed about improving performance at end nodes by providing extensible network layers[33][10] Some of these have demonstrated substantial performance gains over existing systems. It may be possible to achieve similar performance gains by using active network protocols. Active networks should also be useful for implementing easily customizable replacements for existing protocols. For ....

Deborah A. Wallach, Dawson R. Engler, and M. Frans Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-Specific Handlers for High-Performance Messaging. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM'96 Conference on Communication Architectures, Protocols, and Applications, Stanford, California, August 1996.

....and unaligned memory accesses. As a result, we have been able to achieve performance beyond what is obtainable from current implementations of C. This paper describes the design and implementation issues of the ASH system in detail. We are publishing a complementary paper on the use of ASHs [15]. Section 2 gives an overview of the ASH interface. Section 3 discusses challenges in the ASH implementation, and Section 4 gives details in how processing layers are dynamically integrated. The ASH operating system interface is described in Section 5 and experiments are presented in Section 6. ....

.... 200s and using a specialized transport protocol [12] In fact, ExOS ASH is only 6 microseconds slower than the lower bound for cross machine communication on Ethernet, measured on DECstation5000 200s [12] A number of more recent experiments measured on top of the Exokernel system will appear in [15]. 7 Related work There have been many instances of ad hoc ILP, for example, in many networking kernels [4] There is also quite a bit of work on protocol composition [8, 14, 9, 2, 13] The system to provide an automatic modular mechanism for ILP is Abbott and Peterson [1] They describe an ILP ....

Deborah A. Wallach, Dawson R. Engler, and M. Frans Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In ACM Communication Architectures, Protocols, and Applications (SIGCOMM '96) (to appear), Stanford, California, August 1996.

....Finally, I thank Fred Chong, without whose care and support I would have found graduate school a very lonely place. Some of the text of this thesis was taken from previous papers written by the author and has appeared elsewhere. Specifically, large parts of Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 6 are from [64]. In addition, parts of Chapter 6 appeared in [30, 65] This research was supported in part by ARPA contract N00014 94 1 0985, by a NSF National Young Investigator Award to Prof. Frans Kaashoek, by an Intel Graduate Fellowship Award, and by Digital Equipment Corporation. Contents 1 Introduction ....

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In ACM Communication Architectures, Protocols, and Applications (SIGCOMM '96), Stanford, California, August 1996.

....primarily, message reception and timer interrupts. In order to initiate low latency responses to messages, application messaging code must be able to run quickly after message arrival. Aegis performs this by downloading application code into the kernel and running it in the interrupt handler [92]. Xok, due to the vast relative increase in the ratio of processor speed to network latency (about a factor of five to ten for small messages) does not need to eliminate boundary crossings, and simply yields to the receiving application. Timer interrupts are needed to build efficient ....

....81] database systems exploit it to enrich queries and extend data types, and more recently web browsers and servers have used it to extend their base functionality. A variety of operating systems have allowed applications to download untrusted code into them as a way to extend their functionality [9, 22, 25, 32, 48, 71, 79, 80, 92]. This chapter documents experiences drawn from the exokernel systems described in this thesis. These experiences cover a period of four years, and span numerous rethinkings of the role of downloaded code, and, as well, much belated realization of its implications and misuses. The ability to ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In ACM Communication Architectures, Protocols, and Applications (SIGCOMM '96), Stanford, California, August 1996.

No context found.

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM '96, pages 40--52, Stanford, CA, August 1996.

No context found.

D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM '96, pages 40--52, Stanford, CA, August 1996.

No context found.

D.A. Wallach, D.R. Engler, and M.F. Kaashoek, "ASHs: Application-specific Handlers for High-performance Messaging," Computer Communication Review, Vol. 26, No. 4, October 1996, pp. 40-52. Available at http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/~engler/sigcomm96.ps

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D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 5(4):460--474, 1997.

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D. A. Wallach, D. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, August 1996.

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D. A. Wallach, D. R. Engler, and M. F. Kaashoek. ASHs: application-specific handlers for high-performance messaging. ACM SIGCOMM Conference, August 1996.

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Wallach, D.A., Engler, D.R., Kaashoek, M.F., "ASHs: ApplicationSpecific Handlers for High-Performance Messaging". Proceedings of the ACM Communication Architectures, Protocols and Applications Conference (SIGCOMM '96), pp 40-52, Stanford University CA, U.S.A., August 1996.

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D. A. Wallach et al. ASHs: Application-specific handlers for highperformance messaging. In SIGCOMM'96. ACM, 1996.

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