Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and Species. Chicago University Press, Chicago.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... the agent even at the end of life has no way to produce a couple of meanings, a 2 ; b 0 ) and (a 2 ; b 2 ) We can term this type of system a protolanguage system (in fact, it matches well with Wray s de nition of protolanguage [14] rather better than the more well known Bickertonian de nition [15]) Once the language has converged, however, the system looks quite di erent. Here is the system after 30 generations (it looks the same after another 1000) a 0 a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 b 0 wcpalsdqu asdqu hnqmxsdqu gpmhmsdqu bsdqu b 1 wcpalp ap hnqmxp gpmhmp bp b 2 wcpalihm aihm hnqmxihm gpmhmihm ....

Derek Bickerton, Language and Species, University of Chicago Press, 1990.

....factors. Innate signalling systems might be re ned by experience, e.g. young Vervet monkeys may make inappropriate alarm calls, ignored by adults, before they can distinguish harmless birds from aerial predators, Seyferth and Cheney (1986) Chomsky (1968, 1975) Pinker and Bloom (1990) Bickerton (1990), and (Maynard Smith and Szathm ary, 1995, Ch. 17) have argued that human ability to acquire language is biologically based or innate. In particular features of the ambient language s grammar are acquired by setting parameters in a universal grammatical system for human language (Chomsky (1981) ....

D. Bickerton. Language and Species. Chicago, 1990.

.... impairment (SLI) Gopnik, 1997) Van Der Lely Stollwerck, 1996) Rice, 1996) Leonard, 1997) language perception (Jusczyk, 1997) sign language (Poizner, Klima, Bellugi, 1987) neurology of language (Geschwind Galaburda, 1984) language isolated children (Curtiss, 1977) creole language (Bickerton, 1990), split brain studies (Gazzaniga, 1992) linguistics savants, Smith Tsimpli, 1995) electrical activity of the brain (Ojemann, 1983) etc. for additional references, see (Jenkins, forthcoming) During the first phase work was carried out in all three areas under consideration: 1) language, 2) ....

Bickerton, D. (1990). Language and Species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

....The evolutionary history of any complex system, such as human cognition, or the human language capacity, necessarily starts with something simpler 1 . It is accepted as a working hypothesis that a precursor of modern human capacity for complex syntactic language was a capacity for protolanguage (Bickerton, 1990), a kind of communication system with no syntax. In protolanguage, although words may have been uttered in short sequences, there were no rules defining wellformedness of strings, and therefore words in protolanguage could not be said to belong to separate syntactic classes, such as Noun or Verb. ....

Bickerton, Derek 1990 Language and Species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

....LANGUAGE EVOLUTION James R Hurford, Language Evolution and Computation Research Unit, Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, University of Edinburgh. We should search for the ancestry of language not in prior systems of animal communication but in prior representational systems. (Bickerton, 1990:23) it is not plausible that our internal representation of statements, which we use in order to reason and draw inferences in other modes, will map in a simple elementby element fashion into the words with which we express those statements in speech. Nobody really has the ....

Bickerton, Derek, 1990, Language and Species, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

.... unmarked values retained in the absence of robust counter evidence (e.g. Bickerton, 1984; Hyams, 1986; Lightfoot, 1992) A variety of explanations have been offered for the emergence of a partially innate language acquisition device (LAD) with such properties based on saltation (Berwick, 1998; Bickerton, 1990, 1998) or genetic assimilation (Pinker and Bloom, 1990) But none provide a coherent detailed account of both the emergence and maintenance of a LAD in an evolving population. The account proposed here is that a minimal LAD emerged via recruitment of general purpose (Bayesian) learning ....

Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and Species, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

.... fossil record (Gould, 1989) Bickerton argues that there is no evidence for what we deem to be high level human traits to have survival value intelligence and language have at least as many disadvantages as advantages, and may be seen as of negative value to the survival of the human species (Bickerton, 1990). Thus, in adopting an intentional stance it is important to remember that one is selecting a modeling schema for its simplicity, convenience and utility. Notions of expertise, the connotations that come with them, and the psychological and social behaviors we associate with expertise are part of ....

Bickerton, D. (1990). Language and Species. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

....make any empirical claim that the proposed mechanisms are an explanation how language actually originated in humans. Such investigations must be (and are) carried out by neurobiologists, anthropologists [1] and linguists studying historical evolutions [23] child language [13] or creolisation [4]. Here, I only propose and examine a theoretical possibility. If this possibility can be shown to lead to the formation of language and meaning in autonomous distributed artificial agents, then it is at least coherent and plausible. Thus, if meaning creation mechanisms enable agents to ....

Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and Species. Chicago University Press, Chicago.

....1992) Thus, the LAD incorporates both a set constraints defining a possible human grammar and a set of biases (partially) ranking possible grammars by markedness. A variety of explanations have been offered for the emergence of an innate LAD with such properties based on saltation (Berwick, 1998; Bickerton, 1990, 1998) or genetic assimilation (Pinker and Bloom, 1990; Kirby, 1998) Formal models of parameter setting (e.g. Clark, 1992; Gibson and Wexler, 1994; Niyogi and Berwick, 1996; Brent, 1996) have demonstrated that development of a psychologically plausible and effective parameter setting algorithm, ....

.... circumstances, the lingua franca of the labouring community rapidly develops into an extremely impoverished pidgin language, consisting of a limited vocabulary, learnt indirectly via the original native population from the European superstratum language, and virtually no grammatical system (see Bickerton, 1990:122f) for a summary of the properties of pidgins) Children born to labourers during the third stage of the community are predominantly exposed to the pidgin language contact with the Europeans is limited, many parents are of mixed descent and do not share a native language, and the children ....

Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and Species, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

....important characteristics of natural language. In particular, they are closed rather than open systems, and static within each individual of the model society, whereas natural language clearly evolves within each human lifetime [6] After all, as indicated by the saying Language leaves no bones [1], there is little direct evidence or empirical knowledge to support investigations into the origin and evolution of language and communication. Moreover, these processes involve various biological and sociological phenomena. Therefore, there are considerable difficulties for research that regards ....

Derek Bickerton. Language and species. University of Chicago Press, 1990.

....As noted above, the question of how quickly fully modern languages emerged after the rise of our own species about 200,000 years ago is a central one, correctly raised by the editors. In one of their editorial introductions, they briefly discuss the most well known proposal in this area, namely Bickerton s (1990, 1995, 1998) suggestion that full human language appeared in a single step from protolanguage. As one of the most salient proposals in the field, one would have expected it to have received some fleshing out, perhaps in a chapter by Bickerton himself, or in a contribution by another author ....

Bickerton, Derek, 1990 Language and Species, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

....The Protolanguages reconstructed by historical linguists are emphatically not simpler than their modern counterparts. They are recognizably modern in all aspects except the date at which they happen to have been spoken. On the other hand, the term protolanguage has been used, influentially, by Bickerton (1990), to designate a different type of language from modern languages. Protolanguage, for Bickerton, was not blessed with the syntactic intricacies of modern languages, but onlyhad very simple devices for stringing words together. We presume that, to a first approximation, all modern humans have (had) ....

....communication is likely to have been advantageous, when we get down to the level of individuals reaping that advantage on particular occasions, all stories that we can tell seem oddly inept. Perhaps this is just a measure of the temporal and cultural gap between us and the relevant ancestors. Bickerton (1990, 1991) is among those who emphasize the role of (internal) representation over that of communication in any adaptive account of human language. In any account of the functional motivation of language, the question of whether it was the communicative or the representational aspects that ....

Bickerton, Derek, (1990) Language and Species, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

....therefore negotiable. Moreover, in a world of organized inequality, we often cannot get to build models that are truly our own; often, without realizing it, we have to accept the models of others, built not for our benefit but to ensure that those others continue in their knowledge and privilege. (Bickerton, 1990) The ultimate statement about knowledge should surely come not from the knowledge level but from a poet attempting to speak with a voice beyond words as Byron said: Sorrow is knowledge: they who know the most Must mourn the deepest o er the fatal truth, The Tree of Knowledge is not that of ....

Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and Species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

.... unmarked values retained in the absence of robust counter evidence (e.g. Bickerton, 1984; Hyams, 1986; Lightfoot, 1992) A variety of explanations have been offered for the emergence of a partially innate language acquisition device (LAD) with such properties based on saltation (Berwick, 1998; Bickerton, 1990, 1998) or genetic assimilation (Pinker and Bloom, 1990) But none provide a coherent detailed account of both the emergence and maintenance of a LAD in an evolving population. The account proposed here is that a minimal LAD emerged via recruitment of general purpose (Bayesian) learning mechanisms ....

Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and Species, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

No context found.

Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and Species. Chicago University Press, Chicago.

No context found.

Derek Bickerton. Language and Species. University of Chicago Press, 1990.

No context found.

Bickerton, Derek 1990. Language and Species. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

No context found.

Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and Species. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC