Heath, C. & P. Luff (1991) Disembodied Conduct: Communication through Video in a Multi-Media Office Environment. In Proc. of CHI'91, ACM Press, (99-103).  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   ACM   TOC   Related Articles   Check

.... cues in media has been studied with video conferencing technology [6] e mail [25] and has been used to compare different media [5, 23] Some studies have focused on identifying which tasks are sensitive to non verbal cue effects and how communication and performance are affected over time [7, 14]. In this study, we compare how a sense of social presence is conveyed with video and an emerging technology: application sharing. Application sharing enables geographically distributed users to view and interact with the same software application simultaneously. It is proving to have ....

Heath, C., & Luff, P. (1991). Disembodied conduct: Communication through video in a multi-media office environment. In Proceedings of CHI'91, 99-103.

.... that talking heads video will foster telepresence, that is, give users a rich physical and psychological sense of the other people with whom they are remotely interacting via cues obtained from gaze, ges ture, facial expressions, body language [5, 15] 1 But this has been difficult to achieve [7] and thus far little in the way of concrete value has been demonstrated for telepresence video [2, 4, 5, 15] For example, Egido [4] reported on the history of videoconferencing and Picturephone, noting that videoconferencing remains a small conglomeration of niche markets. Only about 75 ....

Heath, C., and Luff, P. Disembodied conduct: Commu- nication through video in a multi-media office environment. Proceedings CHI'91. (New Orleans, 27 April-2 May, 1991), 99-103.

....handovers between the system of the type shown in Figure 1a and the gazepreserving Hyrda. Sellen attributes this to the fact that the users often felt psychologically disconnected from the situation, and therefore they might have compensated for this by behaving in a generally more explicit manner [5]. As expected, the frequency of parallel conversations was much greater with the Hydra interface. The questionnaire results of her study favored the Hydra system as expected. The most frequently stated reason was that they could selectively attend to people, and could tell when people were ....

Heath, C. and Luff, P. Disembodied conduct: Communication through video in a multi-media office environment. In Proceedings of CHI'91. New Orleans, ACM, 1991.

....links involving no delay and with eye content. They argue that such overgazing may be responsible for increases in levels of interrupted speech, since extra cognitive capacity is incurred for processing the increased visual information, at the cost of processing speech. Heath et al. 1997; Heath Luff, 1991) report the results of ethnographic studies of video mediated communication showing that cues such as gaze, gesture and head direction are markedly attenuated and relatively ineffective in managing turn taking compared to co present interactions. Srsr. rpr# p #. rsr. rpr hq w v# h##r#v This ....

Heath, C. & Luff, P. (1991) Disembodied conduct: Communication through video in a multi-media office environment. Q...'prrqvt+'s#ur8CD( 8'sr...rpr' ChAhp#'...+v8'f#vtT'+#r+ (pp. 99-103). New York: ACM.

....in terms of objective measures (such as amount of simultaneous speech) between face to face and mediated conditions, she did not detect any differences between the two mediated systems. Sellen attributed this, in part, to the small screens of Hydra and their separation. As Heath and Luff [12] pointed out, movements in the periphery of vision which appear on a screen lose their power to attract attention. In addition, the still present angle between camera and monitor in Hydra, albeit small, may have inhibited correct perception of gaze at the facial region [31] Qualitative data did ....

Heath, C. and Luff, P. Disembodied conduct: Communication through video in a multi-media office environment. In Proceedings of CHI91. New Orleans: ACM, 1991.

.... and Rank Xerox EuroPARC (as it was known at the time) Gaver, Moran, MacLean, Lovstrand, Dourish, Carter, Buxton, 1992) Experiments were conducted with shared common areas between geographically distributed labs (Olson Bly, 1991) on the use of gesture when collaborating through a media space (Heath Luff, 1991), on the affordances of media spaces (Gaver, 1992) and on systems directly targeted at supporting awareness (Dourish Bly, 1992) Work elsewhere included systems such as CAVECAT (Mantei, Baecker, Sellen, Buxton, Milligan, Wellman, 1991) and CRUISER (Cool, Fish, Kraut, Lowery, 1992; Root, ....

Heath, C., & Luff, P. (1991). Disembodied Conduct: Communication Through Video in a Multi-Media Office Environment. In Proceedings of ACM CHI'91 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 99-103).

....exchanged. Here IM is used to maintain a sense of connection with others within an active communication zone. Finally, we show that IM can be used to switch media in the course of a single communication event. Other recent empirical and systems work on informal communication [16,26,35] awareness [8,13,14], and media spaces [2,10,11,21,22,30,36] has drawn attention to phenomena that relate to outeraction. One particular focus of this work has been conversational initiation. However, such work has yet to be systematically integrated with media theory. Drawing from our examination of IM use in the ....

....longer term communication zones within which they could move in and out of informal conversations. IM was used to create a virtual environment similar to a shared physical office, where people engaged in work related tasks, interspersing sporadic interchanges throughout their individual work [3,6,9,14,15,26]. IMs are persistent and visible which helps preserve ongoing conversational context. This makes intermittent exchanges more straightforward, allowing participants to attend to other tasks and then return to an IM ( It s okay if it just sits there ) Study participants contrasted the ....

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Heath, C, & Luff, P. (1991). Disembodied conduct: communication through video in a multimedia environment. In Proceedings of CHI'91 Human Factors in Computing Systems, 99-103, NewYork: ACMPress.

.... systematically (albeit far from conclusively) within CSCW, especially by CSCW researchers addressing the difficulties that arise when one attempts to support the provision and acquisition of mutual awareness through media spaces , i.e. continually open audio video links (e.g. Gaver, 1991; Heath and Luff, 1991; Gaver, 1992; Heath and Luff, 1992; Gaver et al. 1995) For example, in a brilliant analysis Gaver (1992) found that media spaces were characterized by the following constraints when compared to a shared physical space: Vision: Video provides a restricted field of view on remote sites; this ....

Heath, Christian, and Paul Luff: `Disembodied conduct: Communication through video in a multimedia office environment,' in S. P. Robertson, G. M. Olson, and J. S. Olson (eds.): CHI '91. ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New Orleans, 28 April-2 May 1991, ACM Press, New York, N.Y., 1991, pp. 99-103.

.... video systems have 5 Rethinking video February 2, 1999 focussed on how visual information contributes to pre established ongoing conversations, but neglected another important process co ordination function of visual information its role in initiating opportunistic connection (Goodwin, 1981, Heath Luff, 1991, Kraut et al. 1993, Whittaker et al. 1994a) Studies of workplace communication show the prevalence of opportunistic communication compared with arranged meetings (Kraut et al. 1993, Whittaker et al. 1994a) These results raise an immediate question: if the predominant form of workplace ....

.... 1992) Little work has been done here, but questions include: what is the impact of image size, and what should it show (Mantei et al., 1991) With systems that present a video image from a fixed camera position, should it show only head and shoulders, or the whole upper body to depict gesture (Heath Luff, 1991; Tang et al. 1994) What is the role of proxemics, i.e. perceived physical distance, which has been shown to influence face to face communication How important is mutual gaze, which is not supported in many systems (Buxton Moran, 1990) How important is it to support side conversations when ....

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HEATH, C, & LUFF, P. (1991). Disembodied conduct: communication through video in a multimedia environment. In Proceedings of CHI'91 Human Factors in Computing Systems, 99-103, New York: ACM Press.

....cultural and organizational differences Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Edited by Beaudouin Lafon c 1999 John Wiley Sons Ltd 56 MACKAY are taken into account. Why One important reason is the lack of informal social contact that people have when they work in the same physical location [Hea91]. People who are co located benefit from chance encounters in hallways or chats before and after meetings, resolving problems before they become critical. Working in the same physical environment helps people discover shared interests and develop a sense of community. Implicit knowledge about the ....

.... when the other person was ready for a break) To a somewhat lesser extent, the Portholes connection to PARC provided a similar sense of comfort, since someone was always there no matter how late the EuroPARC crowd worked (given the nine hour time change from England to California) Heath and Luff [Hea91] observed lab members using long term RAVE connections and found that video sometimes undermined the effectiveness of subtle communicative gestures. For example, since the camera and monitor are offset, a person looking at the monitor will appear to be looking down slightly when displayed on the ....

Heath, C. and Luff, P., Disembodied conduct: Communication through video in a multimedia office environment. In Proceedings of Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '91 (New Orleans, LA), pages 99--103. ACM Press, New York, 1991.

....facial expression, eye contact: These are used for constant feedback and as a signalling mechanism. They indicate whether the listener is hearing, and understanding. A number of studies of collaborative work have examined the effect of the presence or absence of these mechanisms. Heath Luff [34] report the results of an extended period of naturalistic observation of video telephones. They found that the users act as if they were physically co present with their conferees. For example, users were observed echoing the postures of their colleagues, a gesture used to indicate likemindedness. ....

C. Heath and P. Luff. Disembodied conduct: communication through video in a multi-media office environment. in Proceedings of CHI-91. 1991. New York: ACM Press.

....factor in the maintenance of group collaboration awareness knowledge of who is doing what, where, and when. Attempts to re establish collaboration awareness in synchronous (i.e. real time) CSCW through the addition of video and voice links have thus far proved disappointing (Egido, 1988; Heath Luff, 1991; Lauwers Lantz, 1990; Sellen, 1992) Visual gestures lose their impact in video mediated environments; voice introduces its own possibilities for contention, and ability to discriminate between different speakers rapidly falls as the size of the group rises (Watabe, Sakata, Maeno, Fukuoka ....

Heath, C. & Luff, P. (May 1991), "Disembodied Conduct: Communication Through Video on a Multi-Media Office Environment", Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM Press, pp. 99-103.

....research groups, a number of studies have been published on different aspects of interpersonal communication mediated by the technology. However, for a variety of reasons not least logistic none of these studies have focussed on the kind of long term, everyday use which we will discuss here. Heath and Luff [1991; 1992a] employing an analytical perspective derived from ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, studied the way in which video technology. appears to transform the nature of visual conduct . Their conclusions are primarily based on the detailed analysis of video data collected from a ....

Heath, Christian and Paul Luff, 1991. "Disembodied Conduct: Communication through video in a multi-media environment ", in Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI'91 (Robertson, Olson and Olson, eds), pp. 99--103, New York: ACM Press.

....demanding requirements have applications with synchronous interaction and those with many different discrete and continuous media components. For the feasibility and acceptance of many applications, media quality is crucial. Studies reveal the importance of audio and video for co operative work [32, 41, 45, 70]. Eye contact and gaze awareness are important elements in communication and co operation. In general good audio quality is considered as more important [27, 70] while interacting humans are very sensitive to delays in the data transmission between interacting parties. Other critical factors are ....

C. Heath and P. Luff: "Disembodied Conduct: Communication Through Video in a MultiMedia Office Environment." Groupware and Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. Editor: R. M. Backer, Morgan Kaufmann , San Mateo , 1993, pp. 837-841.

....Other elements which are embedded in the context of the metaphor but are Synchronous Asynchronous Communication . Has the usual limitations of video conferencing paucity of non verbal cues to coordinate turn taking in conversation and very little information about work context is conveyed [17]. Has the usual limitations of non spatial audio it is difficult to determine who is speaking or to sort out simultaneous speech. Audio quality is poor and video bandwidth is limited due to current network technologies. Uniform status of notes no ability to signal varying importance or ....

Heath, C. and Luff, P. Disembodied Conduct: Communication Through Video in a Multi-media Office Environment. In Proceedings of CHI'91 Human Factors in Computing Systems (April, New Orleans, Louisianna), ACM/SIGCHI, NY, 1993, pp. 99-103.

....medium but whether the conversation is mediated or not. For example, even with no video delay, video mediated conversation didn t produce the same conversation style as face to face speakers because video cannot adequately convey the non verbal signals so vital in face to face communication [12]. Sellen suggests that there is something to sharing the same physical space that positively affects conversation it remains an open question if the same benefits can be achieved by sharing the same immersive virtual space. Using augmented reality is an easy way to get the benefits of virtual ....

C. Heath, P. Luff, "Disembodied conduct: communication through video in a multi-media office environment." Proceedings of CHI '91, New Orleans, LA, USA, 1991, ACM Press, pp. 99-103.

....input of nontechnical users (see MacLean et al. 1990) In addition, a number of users have been keeping diaries of their page 7 experiences with various systems. These anecdotal accounts are a valuable source of insight about audio video mediated collaboration. A more formal study is reported in Heath Luff (1991) who observed how lab members used the RAVE environment over a period of time. They found that video can undermine the effectiveness of subtle communicative gestures, which led to further changes in RAVE. Another recent study assessed the utility of a shared text editor called ShrEdit and the ....

Heath, C., and Luff, P. (1991). Disembodied conduct: Communication through video in a multi-media office environment. Proceedings of CHI'91 (New Orleans, Louisiana, 28 April - 2 May, 1991), ACM, New York.

....Canada, October November, 1992, pp. 17 24. Goffman, E. Behaviour in Public Places. The Free Press, 1963. Harper, R. Lamming, M. and Newman, W. 1992) Locating Systems at Work: Implications for the Development of Active Badge Applications , Interacting with Computers, 4, 3, 1992, pp.343363. Heath, C. and Luff, P. 1991): Disembodied Conduct: Communication through Video in a MultiMedia Office Environment in Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 91, New Orleans, Louisiana, April May 1991, pp. 99 103. Heath, C. and Luff, P. 1992) Collaboration and Control: Crisis Management and ....

....The effects of disembodiment and dissociation manifest themselves in a variety of breakdowns in behavioural and social norms and practices. For example, breakdowns associated with disembodiment include a tendency for users to engage in unintentional, prolonged observation of others over AV links (Heath Luff, 1991). Users may intrude when they make AV connections, because they cannot discern how available others are (Louie et al. in press) Furthermore, the intuitive principle that if I can t see you then you can t see me, does not necessarily apply to computer mediated situations where one person may be ....

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Heath, C. and Luff, P. (1991): "Disembodied Conduct: Communication through Video in a MultiMedia Office Environment" in Proc. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI'91, New Orleans, Louisiana, April-May 1991, pp. 99-103.

.... Gaver discusses the affordances of media spaces describing among other things how video conferencing systems restrict peripheral vision [4] As Heath and Luff point out, the lack of peripheral vision causes certain actions to lose their communicative impact when performed through video [5]. Thus looks, glances and gestures pass unnoticed by their intended recipients. Similar effects are seen in immersive virtual environments [6] These effects cause Sellen to conclude that mediated collaboration will always be different from face to face collaboration [10] Given this conclusion ....

Heath, C., Luff, P. Disembodied Conduct: Communication Through Video in a Multi-Media Office Environment. In proceedings of CHI 91, 1991, pp. 99-103.

....collaborative work. For example, it has been found that the absence of a mutually available, or common, video space has engendered certain communicative asymmetries, undermining the participants abilities both to produce action and draw the appropriate inferences from the conduct of others [10]. We anticipate that the integration of video and CVEs may ease some of these problems by situating video views of local physical domains within a consistent spatial environment. This approach also builds on previous attempts to support gaze direction in video conferencing (e.g. the Hydra [13] ....

Heath, C. And Luff, P., Disembodied Conduct: Communication through Video in a Multi-media Environment, Proc. CHI'91, ACM Press, pp 99-103.

No context found.

Heath, C. & P. Luff (1991) Disembodied Conduct: Communication through Video in a Multi-Media Office Environment. In Proc. of CHI'91, ACM Press, (99-103).

No context found.

C. Heath and P. Luff, "Disembodied conduct: Communication through video in a multi-media office environment, " in Proc. of CHI '91, Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1991, pp. 99--103.

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Heath, C. and Luff, P. 1991. Disembodied conduct: Communication through video in a multimedia environment. Proceedings of Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '91, pp 99-103.

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