David B. MacQueen. weak-types. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, 1988.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....be made more flexible. In particular, it does not seem to work very naturally with higher order functions; currying a function of imperative type can lead to a function that is rejected by Tofte s algorithm. MacQueen solved this problem by assigning numerical weakness indices to the type variables[27]. MacQueen s scheme is strictly more powerful than Tofte s, and has been implemented in Standard ML of New Jersey. However, MacQueen s weak types aren t very easy for programmers to understand. It s difficult for the uninitiated to infer types for functions that make ref cells; typically I write ....

David B. MacQueen. weak-types. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, 1988.

....and translates SML sources to produce binary object files called binfiles. The SML sources themselves can be the result of executing other programs, which is accounted for by CM s tools mechanism. Examples of such tools are the version control system RCS [Tic85] the parser generator ML Yacc [TA90], and the literate programming tool noweb [Ram94] One important use for CM is the maintenance of SML NJ s compiler, which is not quite the same as maintaining other SML programs [App94] For that reason we offer a special interface, which facilitates controlling batch compilation, bootstrapping, ....

....relative to the directory the description file appears in. Suppose we have a group consisting of a.sml and b.sml, which needs to refer to a subgroup containing util c.sml and util d.sml. In this case we could create a description file util sources.cm with: 5 .sig .sml .fun Sml .grm . y MLYacc [TA90] .lex .l MLLex [AMT89] burg MLBurg [GG93] v RCS [Tic85] cm CMFile .sc SCGroup .nw Noweb Table 1: Default mapping from name suffixes to member classes Group is c.sml d.sml and another one called sources.cm specifying: Group is a.sml b.sml util sources.cm 5.3 Tools and member ....

David R. Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-Yacc, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....identifier for a source. Stamp equality approximates source equality. A stamp for a file usually will be constructed from the file s name and modification time, although other schemes are possible. As an example, consider the following skeletal definition of a tool for processing sml yacc [14] grammar files. 145 val YaccFileTool = let fun generate (src:source) source = fun exportsFun src = exports (generate src) fun analyzeFun src = analyze (generate src) fun compileFun (src, se) compile (generate src, se) in tool fexportsFn = exportsFun, analyzeFn = analyzeFun, ....

David Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-YACC, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....program, developed as a realistic FORTRAN benchmark [10] translated into ID [13] and then translated into Standard ML by Lal George. VLIW A Very Long Instruction Word instruction scheduler written by John Danskin. Yacc A LALR(1) parser generator, implemented by David R. Tarditi [24], processing the grammar of Standard ML. Table 1: Benchmark Programs 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 0 500000 1e 06 1.5e 06 2e 06 2.5e 06 3e 06 Nursery size (bytes) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 0 500000 1e 06 1.5e 06 2e 06 2.5e 06 3e 06 Survival rate ( Age (bytes) a) Nursery ....

David Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-Yacc, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....object files called binfiles. But SML source files themselves can be the result of executing other programs. This is accounted for by CM s tools mechanism. The version control system RCS, the parser generator ML Yacc, or the literate programming tool noweb are examples of such tools [Tic85, TA90, Ram94] Figure 2.1 shows the dependency graph for CML s sources. CML is John Reppy s build.sml trace cml.sml cio.sml run cml.sml cml.sml cml sig.sml run cml sig.sml cio sig.sml trace cml sig.sml cml base sig.sml cml compat.sml cml base.sml cml version.sml Figure 2.1: A dependency graph. ....

....evaluates to yy. Example Group is a.sml b.sml # if (SMLNJ VERSION = 109 defined(structure SMLofNJ) util.sml # elif (SMLNJ VERSION 108) # error The version of SML NJ is too old for this software. # else util workaround.sml # endif A.4 Default classes .sig .sml .fun Sml .grm . y MLYacc [TA90] lex .l MLLex [AMT89] burg MLBurg [GG93] v RCS [Tic85] cm CMFile .nw Noweb A.5 Available tools Items shown are predefined tools in CM s extensible toolbox. The out of date condition mentioned here refers to the situation where at least one of the targets is either missing or older than ....

David R. Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-Yacc, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....as a realistic FORTRAN benchmark [CHR78] translated into ID [EA87] and then translated into Standard ML by Lal George. VLIW 3658 24 2 A Very Long Instruction Word instruction scheduler written by John Danskin. YACC 7432 56 26 A LALR(1) parser generator, implemented by David R. Tarditi [TA90] processing the grammar of Standard ML. MBrot 60 1 1 The Mandelbrot curve construction written by John Reppy. Nucleic 3307 1 1 The pseudoknot program that computes the three dimensional structure of part of a nucleic acid molecule [FTL94] translated from Scheme into Standard ML by Peter ....

David R. Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-Yacc, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

.... ML of New Jersey (SML NJ) AM91] is the typed first class continuation [DHM91] defined as follows: type a cont val callcc : 1a cont 1a) 1a val throw : a cont a b Here, cont is an abstract type constructor; 1a denotes a weak type variable (also used for typing references) Mac88] callcc is used to capture the current state (representing the rest of the program ) just like the call with current continuation function in Scheme [RC86] the captured continuation can be later applied by using the throw function. First class continuations can be used to support tasking, ....

David B. MacQueen. Weak types. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, 1988.

....identifier for a source. Stamp equality approximates source equality. A stamp for a file usually will be constructed from the file s name and modification time, although other schemes are possible. As an example, consider the following skeletal definition of a tool for processing sml yacc [13] grammar files. val YaccFileTool = let fun generate (src:source) source = fun exportsFun src = exports (generate src) fun analyzeFun src = analyze (generate src) fun compileFun (src, se) compile (generate src, se) in tool fexportsFn = exportsFun, analyzeFn = analyzeFun, compileFn = ....

David Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-YACC, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....out by CM s tools facility. 20 CM maintains an internal registry of classes and associated rules. Each class represents the set of source files that its corresponding rule is applicable to. For example, the class mlyacc is responsible for files that contain input for the parser generator ML Yacc [TA90]. The rule for mlyacc takes care of expanding an ML Yacc specifications foo.grm by invoking the auxiliary program ml yacc. The resulting ML files foo.grm.sig and foo.grm.sml are then used as if their names had directly been specified in place of foo.grm. CM knows a small number of built in ....

David R. Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-Yacc, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990. 57

....eimination on sparse matrices [59] The matrices were 1000x1000 in size. Only non zero elements are stored, with roughly 2 elements per row. VLIW A Very Long Instruction Word instruction scheduler written by John Danskin. YACC An LALR(1) parser generator, implemented by David R. Tarditi [60], processing the grammar of Standard ML. Table 3: Benchmarks to be used to evaluate the quality of optimization. I plan to use the benchmarks described in Figure 3 to measure performance of the optimizers. The benchmarks cover a wide range of applications, including symbolic programs such as ....

David Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-YACC, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....fluid dynamics program, developed as a realistic FORTRAN benchmark [16] translated into ID [21] and then translated into Standard ML by Lal George. VLIW A Very Long Instruction Word instruction scheduler written by John Danskin. YACC A LALR(1) parser generator, implemented by David R. Tarditi [44], processing the grammar of Standard ML. Table 1: Benchmark Programs Size Run time Program Lines Heap size (K) Code size (K) Non gc (sec) Gc (sec) CW 5728 1107 894 22.74 3.09 Knuth Bendix 491 2768 251 13.47 1.48 Lexgen 1224 2162 305 15.07 1.06 Life 111 1026 221 16.97 0.19 PIA 1454 1025 291 6.07 ....

Tarditi, D., and Appel, A. W. ML-YACC, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, Apr. 1990.

....fluid dynamics program, developed as a realistic FORTRAN benchmark [9] translated into ID [16] and then translated into Standard ML by Lal George. VLIW A Very Long Instruction Word instruction scheduler written by John Danskin. YACC An LALR(1) parser generator, implemented by David R. Tarditi [30], processing the grammar of Standard ML. Table 4: Benchmark programs Size Run time Program Lines Heap size (K) Code size (K) Non gc (sec) Gc (sec) CW 5728 1107 894 22.74 3.09 Knuth Bendix 491 2768 251 13.47 1.48 Lexgen 1224 2162 305 15.07 1.06 Life 111 1026 221 16.97 0.19 PIA 1454 1025 291 6.07 ....

David Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-YACC, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....A lexical analyzer generator, written by James S. Mattson and David R. Tarditi[5] processing the lexical description of Standard ML. Life Reade s implementation of the game of Life [19] Mandelbrot A program to generate Mandelbrot sets. MLYACC A LALR(1) parser generator, written by David Tarditi [25], processing the grammar of Standard ML. Ray A ray tracer, written by Don Mitchell, and translated into ML by John H. Reppy. Simple A spherical fluid dynamics program [8, 12] translated into ML by Lal George. VLIW A VLIW instruction scheduler written by John Danskin. Table 2: Total, user, garbage ....

David R. Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-Yacc, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....implemented using lists [32] PIA The Perspective Inversion Algorithm [36] decides the location of an object in a perspective video image. Simple A spherical fluid dynamics program [13] VLIW A Very Long Instruction Word instruction scheduler. YACC An implementation of an LALR(1) parser generator [35] processing the grammar of Standard ML. Table 1: Benchmark Programs Size Run time Program Lines Heap size (K) Code size (K) Non gc (sec) Gc (sec) CW 5728 1107 894 22.74 3.09 Knuth Bendix 491 2768 251 13.47 1.48 Lexgen 1224 2162 305 15.07 1.06 Life 111 1026 221 16.97 0.19 PIA 1454 1025 291 6.07 ....

David Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-YACC, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....Life Reade s implementation of the game of Life [16] Mandelbrot A program to generate Mandelbrot sets. Simple A spherical fluid dynamics program [9, 10] translated into SML by Lal George. VLIW A VLIW scheduler written by John Danskin. Yacc A LALR(1) parser generator, written by David Tarditi [17] processing the grammar of Standard ML. Figure 5 gives the running time for each program, both with and without the use of hash consing. Times are normalized to the execution time without hash consing. The total running time is divided into garbage collection time (gc time) and ....

David R. Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-Yacc, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....description of Standard ML. PIA The Perspective Inversion Algorithm [11] decides the location of an object in a perspective video image. Simple A spherical fluid dynamics program [5] VLIW A Very Long Instruction Word instruction scheduler. YACC An implementation of an LALR(1) parser generator [9] processing the grammar of Standard ML. Table 2: Benchmark Programs Size Run time Program Lines Heap size (K) Code size (K) Non gc (sec) Gc (sec) CW 5728 1107 894 22.74 3.09 Lexgen 1224 2162 305 15.07 1.06 PIA 1454 1025 291 6.07 0.34 Simple 999 11571 314 25.58 4.23 VLIW 3207 1088 486 23.70 1.91 ....

David Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-YACC, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....fluid dynamics program, developed as a realistic FORTRAN benchmark [9] translated into ID [16] and then translated into Standard ML by Lal George. VLIW A Very Long Instruction Word instruction scheduler written by John Danskin. YACC An LALR(1) parser generator, implemented by David R. Tarditi [30], processing the grammar of Standard ML. Table 4: Benchmark programs Size Run time Program Lines Heap size (K) Code size (K) Non gc (sec) Gc (sec) CW 5728 1107 894 22.74 3.09 Knuth Bendix 491 2768 251 13.47 1.48 Lexgen 1224 2162 305 15.07 1.06 Life 111 1026 221 16.97 0.19 PIA 1454 1025 291 6.07 ....

TARDITI, D., AND APPEL, A. W. ML-YACC, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, Apr. 1990.

....implemented using lists [33] PIA The Perspective Inversion Algorithm [37] decides the location of an object in a perspective video image. Simple A spherical fluid dynamics program [13] VLIW A Very Long Instruction Word instruction scheduler. YACC An implementation of an LALR(1) parser generator [36] processing the grammar of Standard ML. Table 1: Benchmark Programs Size Run time Program Lines Heap size (K) Code size (K) Non gc (sec) Gc (sec) CW 5728 1107 894 22.74 3.09 Knuth Bendix 491 2768 251 13.47 1.48 Lexgen 1224 2162 305 15.07 1.06 Life 111 1026 221 16.97 0.19 PIA 1454 1025 291 6.07 ....

David Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-YACC, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....generator, written by James S. Mattson and David R. Tarditi [4] processing the lexical description of Standard ML. Life 140 Reade s implementation of the game of Life [30] Mandelbrot 60 A program to generate Mandelbrot sets. MLYACC 7422 A LALR(1) parser generator, written by David Tarditi [37], processing the grammar of Standard ML. Ray 423 A ray tracer, written by Don Mitchell, and translated into ML by John H. Reppy. Simple 906 A spherical fluid dynamics program [11, 16] translated into ML by Lal George. VLIW 3571 A VLIW instruction scheduler written by John Danskin. Table 3: ....

David R. Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-Yacc, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

....used a hand written lexical analyzer and a recursivedescent parser. In both of these components the code for semantic analysis was intermixed with the parsing code. This made error recovery difficult, and it was di#cult to understand the syntax or semantics individually. We now have excellent tools[8, 32] for the automatic generation of lexical analyzers and error correcting parsers. Syntactic error recovery is handled automatically by the parser generator, and semantic actions are only evaluated on correct (or corrected) parses. This has greatly improved both the quality of the error messages and ....

....of static environments; and Adam T. Dingle for the debugger s Emacs interface. Thanks to James S. Mattson for the first version of the ML lexical analyzer generator; and to David R. Tarditi for making the lexer generator production quality[8] for implementing a really first class parser generator[32], for helping to implement the type reconstruction algorithm used by the debugger[35] and for the the ML to C translator he implemented with Anurag Acharya and Peter Lee[31] We appreciate Lal George s teaching the code generator about floating point registers and making floating point ....

David R. Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-Yacc, version 2.0. distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

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David Tarditi and Andrew W. Appel. ML-Yacc, version 2.0. Distributed with Standard ML of New Jersey, April 1990.

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