Standard security label for information transfer. Technical Report FIPS PUB 188, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 6 September 1994.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....one way permutations. This result was extended by [Rom90] who showed that universal one way hash functions can be built (albeit less eciently) from arbitrary one way functions. In practice, to build a universal one way hash function, one can use a dedicated cryptographic hash function, like SHA 1 [SHA95]. Constructions in [BR97] and [Sho00a] show how to build a general purpose universal one way hash function using the underlying compression function of SHA 1, assuming the latter is second pre image collision resistant. Actually, in our application, since the target input is just a random tuple of ....

Secure hash standard, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), FIPS Publication 180-1, April 1995.

....6 Security Considerations The security of the EHBT protocol relies on the cryptographic properties of the h function. One way hash functions, unfortunately, are not proven secure [2] nevertheless, for the time being, there has not been any successful attack on either the full MD5 [7] or SHA [1] algorithms [10] Taking into account the use of hash functions as function h, attacks on the hidden key are limited to brute force attack. Such an attack can take 2 n hashes to nd the original key, with n being the number of bits of the original key used as input. In order to guarantee ....

N. F. P. 180-1. Secure Hash Standard. National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, DRAFT, May 1994.

....of (x; y) 7 f(f(x) xor y) if f is uniform (and hence if f is unpredictable) was proven by Bellare, Kilian, and Rogaway in [17, section 3] For a simpler proof see [18, Theorem 3. 1] Rijndael was published by Rijmen and Daemen in [31] MD5 was published by Rivest in [51] SHA 1 was published in [3]. The apparent unpredictability of random functions such as x 7 MD5(k;x) for xed length x, was pointed out in [15] but had already been used in other cryptographic constructions based on MD5. There are many other examples in the literature of easily computable, lowentropy random functions that ....

|, Secure hash standard, Federal Information Processing Standard 180-1, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, 1995.

....for ensuring the security of a point to point connection involves symmetric digital encryption and signature. Data is encrypted to ensure its privacy; it is signed to ensure its authenticity. Standard encryption schemes include DES [2] and IDEA [3] signature schemes include MD5 [4] and SHA [5]. To achieve acceptable performance, any encryption or signature operations on heavily used communication paths require a shared secret key. Distribution of these shared keys is central to the correct functioning of a VPN. One must address key expiration, and periodically switch encryption keys. ....

Secure Hash Standard (SHS). National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). FIPS Publication 180, May 1993.

....sinewave histogram, is modified by sorting ADC sample sets into two halves corresponding to positive and negative values of the input signal derivative (slope) 2. 1 An ADC Transfer Function Model ADC performance can be described in terms of the transfer function of output code versus input voltage [1]. Each ADC output code, i, is associated with two input quantization thresholds, t i and t i 1 . These quantization thresholds describe the range of input voltage that yields the ith output code. By measuring all output codes versus their input thresholds, the ADC transfer function is created. For ....

....X (S i Gamma1 =N ) For a sinusoidal signal, t i is obtained from (3) FX ( t i ) 1 2 1 arcsin t i Gamma c A = S i Gamma1 N (3) where i = 1; 2; 2 n Gamma 1. Solving (3) for t i gives (4) which is the same relation given in the IEEE Waveform Recorder Standard, [1]. t i = GammaA cos S i Gamma1 N c; i = 1; 2; 2 n Gamma 1 (4) A description for the estimated expected error of a particular ADC output code is obtained by combining (4) with (1) to obtain (5) E i = i GA 2 cos S i Gamma1 N cos S i N Gamma ....

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IEEE Standard 1057, standards for digitizing waveform recorders. Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology, July 1989.

....vendor can not ensure that their product is being used with a known (and tested) configuration. 2.2 Secure Hash Functions A key feature of CDNs is the use of a secure hash functions to assign a unique name to an object based on its content. Digital signature algorithms such as MD5[6] and SHA 1[1] are one way functions that take an arbitrary sequence of bytes and produce a result that is likely to be different from that of any other (different) input sequence. MD5 is well suited to generate content derived names. The MD5 algorithm produces a 128 bit signature, and Rivest[6] claims that it ....

Secure Hash Standard, FIPS-180-1, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, April 1995.

....keys; that is MARS : W 8 W 4 W 4 ; where an input (k; m) consists of the key k and the input block m to be encrypted, and the output is the resulting encrypted block; we do not make use of the corresponding decryption function. CSHA1 SHA 1 core compression function as described in [SHA95] that is CSHA1 : W 5 W 16 W 5 ; where an input (h; m) consists of the initial hash state h and a text input m, and the output is the resulting nal hash state. 3.6 Algorithmic notation We use a fairly standard notation for describing algorithms. We use the notation A B to denote the ....

Secure hash standard, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), FIPS Publication 180-1, April 1995.

....non repudiation depends on authenticity and integrity can be considered a subset of authenticity. Authenticity and integrity can be achieved either by encrypting the entire message or by using a message digest generated by a cryptographic message digest or hash function such as MD5 [Riv92] or SHA [SHA95] If a standard message digest function is used, the digest itself must be protected by either encrypting it or by calculating the digest over the data and a secret key (e.g. keyed MD5 [MS95a] and SHA [MS95b] SecComm includes two basic message digest micro protocols, MD5Integrity and ....

Secure Hash Standard. National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C., Apr 1995.

....fail and may waste significant computational resources at the same time. For this type of environment, a mechanism to verify and install missing application components is critical. Content Derived Names are computed by hashing the contents of a file using a secure hash such as MD5 [7] or SHA 1 [1] and recording the (relatively short) result in the file that uses the package. It is a simple matter for our tool to recompute the hash value before importing a file, guaranteeing that the application is indeed using the appropriate file. We presented the original concept for Content Derived To ....

....of hexadecimal digits and a location from which to retrieve the object. 2.2 Secure Hash Functions A key feature of Content Derived Names is the use of a secure hash function to assign a unique name to an object based solely on its content. Digital signature algorithms such as MD5 [7] and SHA 1 [1] are one way functions that take arbitrary data and produce a result that is very likely to be different from that of any other (different) input sequence. Our implementation uses MD5 to generate CDNs, but other algorithms could easily be substituted. Because it is NP hard to find another object ....

Secure Hash Standard, FIPS-180-1, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, April 1995.

....output codes, an ADC transfer function can be determined. From this transfer function, output code versus input voltage, ADC static error patterns may be defined. 2.1. 1 ADC Transfer Function ADC performance can be described in terms of the transfer function of output code versus input voltage [1]. Fig. 2.1 shows a non ideal transfer function relating input voltage to ADC output codes. Each ADC output code, i, is associ4 G(x Gamma x 0 ) Nominal Characteristic t 2 n Gamma1 ADC Output, q(x) ADC Input, x t 1 t 2 t 3 t 4 1 2 3 4 2 n Gamma 1 Figure 2.1: Non Ideal ADC transfer function ....

....t i , may be obtained by using the estimated distribution of Y and the known functional form for FX (x) F x ( t i ) S i Gamma1 N : 2. 2) Solving this relationship for t i and an expression for the estimated quantization thresholds is determined from a histogram of the output sample set [1]. Implementation Using Sinewaves The test signals used to implement procedures in this thesis are sinusoidal. The distribution function for a sinusoidal signal is given by 2.3. F x ( t i ) 1 2 1 arcsin t i Gamma c A (2.3) Where A and c are the amplitude and offset of the input ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

IEEE Standard 1057, standards for digitizing waveform recorders. Technical report, National Institute of Standards and Technology, July 1989.

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Draft Standard Security Label for Information Transfer. Federal Information Processing Standard, National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 30 1993.

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Standard security label for information transfer. Technical Report FIPS PUB 188, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 6 September 1994.

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