L. Nielsen and J. Sparso, "Low-Power Operation Using Self-Timed Circuits and Adaptive Scaling of the Supply Voltage," Proceedings of the 1994 International Workshop on Low Power Design, Napa Valley, CA, pp. 99-104, April 1994.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....scaling, standard cell, DC DC converter 1. INTRODUCTION Adaptive (or dynamic) voltage scaling (AVS) has been proposed as an effective power management technique where the system clock frequency and the supply voltage are dynamically adjusted to meet the application throughput requirements [1] [10] Successful applications have included digital signal processing systems [1] 5] I O interface [6] and general purpose microprocessors [7, 10] Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies ....

.... voltage scaling (AVS) has been proposed as an effective power management technique where the system clock frequency and the supply voltage are dynamically adjusted to meet the application throughput requirements [1] 10] Successful applications have included digital signal processing systems [1] [5] I O interface [6] and general purpose microprocessors [7, 10] Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profitor commercial advantage and that copies bear ....

L. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, K. Van Berkel,"Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage," IEEE Trans . on VLSI Systems, vol.2, pp. 391-397, Dec. 1994.

....clock rate. More recently, adaptive (or dynamic) voltage scaling (AVS) has been proposed as an effective power management technique where the system supply voltage and the clock frequency of a digital VLSI application are dynamically adjusted to meet the application throughput requirements [1] [8] By reducing the supply voltage and application clock frequency, adaptive voltage scaling offers, in principle, superior power savings compared to simple on off power management. Successful applications have included digital signal processing systems [1] 5] I O interface [6] and ....

....the application throughput requirements [1] 8] By reducing the supply voltage and application clock frequency, adaptive voltage scaling offers, in principle, superior power savings compared to simple on off power management. Successful applications have included digital signal processing systems [1] [5] I O interface [6] and general purpose microprocessor [7, 8] At the system level, AVS requires a voltage frequency scheduler that can intelligently vary the speed depending on the application requirements [7, 8] At the hardware implementation level, the key AVS component is a controller ....

L. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, K. Van Berkel,"Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage," IEEE Trans. on VLSI Systems, vol.2, pp. 391-397, Dec. 1994.

....local PLLs. More details on this VCO are discussed in Section IV. Like typical switching regulators, the adaptive power supply regulator uses a buck converter for efficient dc to dc conversion [21] Since this buck converter introduces two poles, we need a controller that stabilizes the feedback [22] [25] The controller that we proposed in [25] uses sliding control which is well known for its fast transient response and robust stability [26] 27] The reformulation of the sliding control law enabled a digital implementation that can operate at the regulated supply for high ....

L. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and K. van Berkel, "Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of supply voltage," IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst., vol. 2, pp. 391--397, Dec. 1994.

.... Scaling the supply voltage is the most common circuit technique to offer both low energy consumption and energy awareness [2] In operating system research, the clock speed and supply voltage are dynamically adjusted based on the predicted workload [3] Another approach, proposed for selftimed [4] and synchronous [5] systems, is to use the amount of buffered load to steer the adaptation. Furthermore, a lot of these battery operated devices are equipped with a wireless communication subsystem. A major source of their energy consumption is the actual data transmission over the air. Despite ....

Nielsen, L., Niessen, C., Spars, J., van Berkel, K., "Low Power Operation Using Self-Timed Circuits and Adaptive Scaling of the Supply Voltage," Trans. on VLSI Systems, Vol.2, No.4, pp. 391-397, Dec. 1994.

.... them as heat are promising in certain applications where speed can be traded for lower power [2] Similarly, techniques based on combining self timed circuits with a mechanism for selective adjustment of the supply voltage that minimizes the power while satisfying the performance constraints [47], those based on partial transfer of the energy stored on a capacitance to some charge sharing capacitance and then reusing this energy at a later time [25] and those based on electronic compensation for variations in V T thus making it possible to scale power supply voltages down to very low ....

L.S. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso and C.H. van Berke. " Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage. " IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, 2(4):391-397, December 1994.

.... supply design is a well established area, and analog sliding control is a nonlinear control technique that is widely used in commercial switching power supplies, known for its robust stability and fast transient response [1,2] However, the growing popularity of adaptive power supply regulation [3,4] has created new interest in the area. Since the ultimate objective is to control the gate delay, digital control loops that can directly measure this gate delay become more attractive. While previous papers describe digital implementation of linear control loops, this paper presents a novel ....

L. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and K. van Berkel, "Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of supply voltage," IEEE Transactions on VLSI systems, pp. 391-397, Dec. 1994.

....to process, temperature and voltage in order to determine the minimum supply voltage required for proper operation. There have been several examples of this power saving technique applied to general purpose microprocessors [4] 29] 38] 46] and digital signal processing (DSP) chips [5] 15] [35] for mobile and other applications where minimizing energy consumption is a priority. These systems commonly rely on the bursty nature of their operation to dynamically adjust the speed and supply voltage in order to minimize the energy consumed for the required computational tasks at hand. ....

L. Nielsen, et. al., "Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of supply voltage," IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst., vol. 2, pp 391-397, Dec 1994.

.... scheduling issues have been reported in [32] 55] Asynchronous approaches [30] are also very appropriate for circuits with continuously changing performance requirements and especially dataflow asynchronous circuits can work very well in conjunction with continuously changing supply voltages [49], 74] 8 TRANSACTIONS ON VLSI SYSTEMS Vdd Vss SLEEP SLEEP IN OUT Vdv Vsv Vdd B. C. A. Vss SLEEP IN OUT Vsv Vdd Vss SLEEP IN OUT Vdv Vss Vdd Vss Vdd idle active active idle Fig. 9. MTCMOS inverters: A. with virtual power and ground, B. only with virtual ground, C. only ....

L. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and C. van Berkel, "Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage," IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, vol. 2, pp. 391--397, Dec. 1994.

....voltage and therefore the clock frequency, to operate at the point of lowest power consumption for given temperature and process parameters was first proposed by Macken et al. [9, 10] Later, 7] described implementation of several digital power supply controllers based on this idea. Nielsen et al. [14] extended the dynamic voltage adaptation idea to take into account data dependent computation times in self timed circuits. Recently several researchers developed efficient DC DC converters that allow the output voltage to be rapidly changed under external control [13] Researchers at MIT [3, 6] ....

....times in self timed circuits. Recently several researchers developed efficient DC DC converters that allow the output voltage to be rapidly changed under external control [13] Researchers at MIT [3, 6] have applied the idea of voltage adaptation based on data dependent computation time from [14] to synchronously clocked circuits. In the software world, also there has been recent research on scheduling strategies for adjusting CPU speed so as to reduce power consumption. The existing work is in the context of non real time workstation like environment. 19] proposed an approach where ....

L. S. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, K. van Berkel. Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 391-397, Dec. 1994.

....as measured by the number of data samples queued in the input (or output) buffer. Dynamically adapting voltage (and the clock frequency) to operate at the point of lowest power consumption for given temperature and process parameters was first suggested by Macken et al. 19] Nielsen et al. [22] extended the dynamic voltage adaptation idea to take into account data dependent computation times in self timed circuits. Recently, researchers at MIT [9] have extended the idea of voltage adaptation based on data dependent computation time from [22] to synchronously clocked circuits. Because ....

....by Macken et al. 19] Nielsen et al. 22] extended the dynamic voltage adaptation idea to take into account data dependent computation times in self timed circuits. Recently, researchers at MIT [9] have extended the idea of voltage adaptation based on data dependent computation time from [22] to synchronously clocked circuits. Because these approaches rely on run time reactive approaches to dynamic voltage adaptation, they work fine only where average throughput. is the metric of performance. Therefore, these approaches are inapplicable to hard real time systems such as embedded ....

L. S. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and K. van Berkel. Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 2(4):391--397, 1994.

....the computation to be slowed down and the supply voltage correspondingly lowered during periods of low workload. Dynamically adapting voltage to operate at the point of lowest power consumption for given temperature and process parameters was first suggested by Macken et al. 36] Nielsen et al. [39] extended the dynamic voltage adaptation idea to take into account data dependent computation times in self timed circuits. Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology [4] have extended the idea of voltage adaptation based on data dependent computation time from [39] to ....

....et al. 39] extended the dynamic voltage adaptation idea to take into account data dependent computation times in self timed circuits. Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology [4] have extended the idea of voltage adaptation based on data dependent computation time from [39] to synchronously clocked circuits. The approach is useful when the computation time is data dependent, which is often the case in signal processing, for example, a forward error corrector chip for a digital cassette recorder where the processing time depends on the number of errors in the input ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

L. S. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and K. van Berkel, "Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage," IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 391--397,

....a is the activity factor, C Tot is the total switched capacitance, Vdd is the supply voltage and f clk is the clock frequency. While a and C To t are generally fixed for a specific application, reducing supply voltage and clock frequency can result in dramatic power savings. A self clocked system [1] [3] achieves maximum savings by lowering the power supply voltage until the chip can just meet the specific performance requirements (desired clock frequency) Building such a system requires two components different from a conventional fixed voltage synchronous system: a method of dynamically ....

L. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso and K. van Berkel, "Low-Power Operation Using Self-Timed Circuits and Adaptive Scaling of Supply Voltage," IEEE Trans. on VLSI Systems, vol 2, no. 4, pp. 391-397, Dec. 1994.

....system with fully digital components that closely mimic the functionality of the underlying analog loop. In doing so, a general approach to adaptive supply scaling is achievable. Other digital approaches used specifically for digital signal processing (DSP) applications have also been demonstrated [17], 18] The digital controller described in [18] uses an open loop approach to coarsely set the regulated voltage to discrete voltage levels optimized for the DSP core. It employs one feedback loop to adjust for variations in the operating conditions and another to dampen out the output voltage ....

L. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and K. van Berkel, "Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of supply voltage," IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst., vol. 2, pp. 391--397, Dec. 1994.

.... compensation methods for changes in delay due to process and operating environment developed in this research are related to temperature and process compensation work for CMOS circuit testers [7] to multiple chip signal synchronization techniques [25] to power reduction for self timed circuits [42], and to self clocking techniques developed for use in 5 low power circuits [23, 36] Self timed design techniques in which the completion detection logic is signaled with a timing reference which is guaranteed to be longer than the critical path logic [51] is somewhat akin to the wave ....

L. S. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and K. van Berkel. Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 2:391--397, 1994.

No context found.

L. Nielsen and J. Sparso, "Low-Power Operation Using Self-Timed Circuits and Adaptive Scaling of the Supply Voltage," Proceedings of the 1994 International Workshop on Low Power Design, Napa Valley, CA, pp. 99-104, April 1994.

No context found.

L. S. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and K. van Berkel. Low power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage. IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, 2(4):391--397, December 1994.

No context found.

Lars S. Nielson, Cees Niessen, Jens Spars, and Kees Van Berkel. Low-power operation using self timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage. IEEE Transactions on Very large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 2(4):391--397, December 1994.

No context found.

L. S. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Spars, and K. van Berkel, "Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage," IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst., vol. 2, pp. 391--397, Dec. 1994.

No context found.

L.S. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso and C.H. van Berkel. " Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage. " IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, 2(4):391-397, December 1994.

No context found.

L. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, K. van Berkel, "LowPower Operation Using Self-Timed Circuits and Adaptive Scaling of Supply Voltage," IEEE Transactions on VLSI systems, pp. 391-397, December 1994.

No context found.

Nielsen, L., Niessen, C., Spars, J., van Berkel, K., "Low power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of the supply voltage," IEEE Trans. on VLSI Systems, Vol.2, No.4, pp. 391-397, Dec. 1994.

No context found.

Lars S. Nielsen, Cees Niessen, Jens SparsOE, and Kees van Berkel, "Low-Power Operation Using Self-Timed Circuits and Adaptive Scaling of the Supply Voltage," IEEE Trans. on VLSI system, vol.2, no.4, pp.391--397, December 1994.

No context found.

L. S. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and K. van Berkel, "Low-Power Operation Using Self-Timed Circuits and Adaptive Scaling of the Supply Voltage," IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration Systems (TVLSI), December 1994.

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L. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and K. van Berkel, "Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of supply voltage," IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst., vol. 2, pp. 425--435, Dec. 1994.

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L. Nielsen, C. Niessen, J. Sparso, and K. van Berkel, "Low-power operation using self-timed circuits and adaptive scaling of supply voltage," IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst., vol. 2, pp. 391--397, Dec. 1994.

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