| Bresina, J. 1994. Telescope loading: a problem reduction approach. In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation for Space. Jet Propulsion Labs. Pasadena, CA. |
....structural constraints about repeating events. These constraints can be applied to solving the problem of scheduling repeating events. 1 To motivate the work done in this paper, we introduce a real scheduling problem involving repeating events in the domain of telescope scheduling (Bresina, [3]) In this domain, telescope time for the purpose of observing time varying phenomena (e.g. eclipsing binary stars) is requested by an astronomer. An astronomer s scientific agenda (e.g. to fill out a light curve for a binary star system) imposes various constraints; for example, on the number ....
....event occurrences that will be assigned in this manner. We focus on this case, although the representation can be extended to handle sub interval durations as well. For example, a uniform distribution will be expressed here (combining the terminology introduced here with that adopted in (Bresina, [3]) as U(L g I g U g ) where I g is a gap duration. This notation is to be interpreted to mean that a constant probability density function is to be associated with the assignment of ranges. Other possible distributions are normal, negative exponential, or gamma. Example 4 Consider the ....
Bresina, J.L. 1994. Telescope Loading: A Problem Reduction Approach. In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation for Space. Pasadena, CA, Jet Propulsion Labs.
....to the Sun and therefore endangering the spacecraft and instruments. When the object is farther away from the sun, observations are possible but not preferable because of the possibility of sunlight polluting the instrument. Taking into account such constraints, long term scheduling algorithms (Bresina 1994; Johnston Miller 1994) distribute the accepted proposals on the mission timeline, decompose the time line in regular intervals (e.g. monthly or weekly) and determine which set of observations need to be executed for each interval. Short term scheduling takes the result of long term scheduling, ....
Bresina, J. L. 1994. Telescope loading: A problem reduction approach. In Atkinson (1994).
....results, the actual telescope behavior can be displayed. Once the PA has tuned the APA to consistently produce high quality schedules, the APA takes care of routine observation loading and scheduling with only occasional supervision. A more complete description of the loader is given by Bresina [2], and a description of one of the techniques used in the night scheduler is given by Swanson, Bresina, Drummond [9] lh om the Telescope Controllet s Perspective Just before nightfall, the ATIS93 input file is automatically transferred to the telescope controller along with the observation ....
Bresina, J. 1994. Telescope loading: a problem reduction approach. In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation for Space. Jet Propulsion Labs. Pasadena, CA.
....atis89 in a number of ways. We were invited to be part of the International Astronomical Union atis93 standardization committee to assist with atis extensions in support of advanced scheduling. In collaboration with other committee members, we designed a new group selection advice statement (see Bresina, et al. 1994). This new statement is used to override the default atis group selection rules. The committee also agreed on a mechanism for communication with an atis based telescope controller in terms of partial input and partial output files. Together, these new features make it possible to implement a ....
....The loader takes into account all such execution constraints, posed by all astronomers, and attempts to find an assignment of groups to nights that satisfies all constraints and astronomer preferences as much as possible. The details of this process are beyond the scope of this discussion; see Bresina (1994) for more information. The result of the loading process is an assignment of groups to nights, stretching for months into the future. The coming night is, of course, the first night in this sequence. The activator process next starts the night scheduler in order to find a good sequence in which to ....
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Bresina, J. 1994. Telescope loading: a problem reduction approach. In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation for Space. pp. 351--354. Jet Propulsion Labs.
....results, the actual telescope behavior can be displayed. Once the pa has tuned the apa to consistently produce high quality schedules, the apa takes care of routine observation loading and scheduling with only occasional supervision. A more complete description of the loader is given by Bresina [2], and a description of one of the techniques used in the night scheduler is given by Swanson, Bresina, Drummond [9] From the Telescope Controller s Perspective Just before nightfall, the atis93 input file is automatically transferred to the telescope controller along with the observation ....
Bresina, J. 1994. Telescope loading: a problem reduction approach. In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Automation for Space. Jet Propulsion Labs. Pasadena, CA.
....requests and obtain results from a remotely located telescope. This interaction occurs via electronic communication networks, without the necessity of human intervention. To ensure the telescope load is balanced over weeks or months, the system will also include a sophisticated long term loader [2]. The long term loader will assign observation requests to specific nights. Each night, the assigned observations are given to a scheduler to determine the specific times during the night they are to be executed. Producing robust nightly schedules is the role of jic. An observation request ....
Bresina, J. 1994. Telescope Loading: A Problem Reduction Approach. In Proc. of i-SAIRAS 94. JPL, Pasadena, CA.
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