Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....hopping spread spectrum, bursts of signals are initiated at pseudo random times. In all of the above schemes, the spread spectrum signals appear as wideband noise to other users. A PN code consists of a sequence of 1 s and 1 s (or zeros) called chips, which exhibit certain statistical properties [36] [41] Pseudo random codes are periodic, where a period is defined by the number of chips contained in one complete symbol duration. The codes are generated with very long periods and are difficult to reconstruct from a short segment. The autocorrelation function of a long PN sequence evaluated ....

Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Shilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. "Theory of spread-spectrum communications, a tutorial". IEEE Transactions on Communications, COM-30(5):855--884, 1982.

....our TIK protocol does not affect the capability of the MAC protocol to operate over unidirectional links. Security attacks on the wireless network s physical layer are beyond the scope of this paper. Spread spectrum has been studied as a mechanism for securing the physical layer against jamming [34]. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against MAC layer protocols are also beyond the scope of the paper; MAC layer protocols that do not employ some form of carrier sense, such as pure ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA [1] are less vulnerable to DoS attacks, although they tend to use the channel less ....

Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

....frequencies used by the old overlaid system and suppresses the subchannels affected by the old overlaid system. The NCDMA systems is used now a days in many countries. Some details about this system can be found in [3] The basics of the overlay technique are well known and have been discussed in [4], 5] In this work, the estimation of the capacity gain of the overlay of an intelligent FDSS system on cellular N CDMA is done. II. OVERLAY SITUATION. To increase the capacity of the mobile system, the N CDMA is overlaid by the FDSS system. It is assumed that the base stations of both systems ....

Raymond.L.Pickholtz, Donald. L. Schilling, and Lauraence.B. Milstien, " Theory of spread-spectrum communications---A tutorial ", IEEE Trans. Com, vol. 30, pp. 855-884, May 1982.

....even if the end to end delay is larger than , although some receivers may be required to discard the packet. 4. ASSUMPTIONS 4.1. Network Assumptions The physical layer of a wireless network is often vulnerable to denial of service attacks such as jamming. Mechanisms such as spread spectrum [46] have been extensively studied as means of providing resistance to physical jamming, and we thus disregard such physical layer attacks here. We assume that network links are bidirectional; that is, if node is able to transmit to some node , then is able to transmit to . It is possible ....

Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

....even if the end to end delay is larger than , although some receivers may be required to discard the packet. 4. ASSUMPTIONS 4.1. Network Assumptions The physical layer of a wireless network is often vulnerable to denial of service attacks such as jamming. Mechanisms such as spread spectrum [45] have been extensively studied as means of providing resistance to physical jamming, and we thus disregard such physical layer attacks here. We assume that network links are bidirectional; that is, if node A is able to transmit to some node B,thenB is able to transmit to A. It is possible to use ....

Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

....even if the end to end delay is larger than q , although some receivers may be required to discard the packet. 4. ASSUMPTIONS 4.1. Network Assumptions The physical layer of a wireless network is often vulnerable to denial of service attacks such as jamming. Mechanisms such as spread spectrum [46] have been extensively studied as means of providing resistance to physical jamming, and we thus disregard such physical layer attacks here. We assume that network links are bidirectional; that is, if node A is able to transmit to some node 3, then 3 is able to transmit to A. It is possible to ....

Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milsrein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications A Tutorial. 1EEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855 884, May 1982.

....K, and then authenticates stored packets authenticated with a key K, where j i. 4. Assumptions 4.1. Network Assumptions Wireless physical layers for sending data from one node to another are often vulnerable to denial of service attacks such as jamming. Mechanisms such as spread spectrum [71] have been extensively studied as means of providing resistance to physical jamming, and we thus disregard such attacks here. We assume that network links are bidirectional; that is, if a node A is in transmission range of some node B, then B is in transmission range of A. When nodes use equal ....

Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of spread spectrum communications -- a tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855-884, May 1982.

....MAC or TIK do not affect the capability of the MAC protocol to send over unidirectional links. Security attacks on the wireless network s physical layer are beyond the scope of this paper. Spread spectrum has been studied as a mechanism for securing the physical layer against jamming [36]. Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against MAC layer protocols are also beyond the scope of the paper; MAC layer protocols that do not employ some form of carrier sense, such as pure ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA [1] are less vulnerable to DoS attacks, though they tend to use the channel less ....

Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

....A. Wireless links are often bidirectional, and many MAC layers require bidirectional frame exchange to avoid collisions [18] Network physical layer and MAC layer attacks are beyond the scope of this paper. Use of spread spectrum has been studied for securing the physical layer against jamming [37]. MAC protocols that do not employ some form of carrier sense, such as ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA [1] are less vulnerable to Denial of Service attacks, although they generally use the channel less efficiently. We assume that the wireless network may drop, corrupt, duplicate, or reorder packets. We ....

Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milsrein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communica- tions A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855 884, May 1982.

....= M (7) Hence a circuit for exponentiation of the matrix M is required [3] A popular solution to that problem is the use of a Galois Field (GF) multiplier. Consider the transposed form of the LFSR shown in Fig. 4. That circuit is also known as modular feedback shift register (MFSR) [4]. The state of the MFSR at time q should be defined with b Than the subsequent state is given by (q 1) M (8) with M being the same matrix as for the LFSR. The recursion can easily be transformed into expression (7) Thus the state of the MFSR is identical to the mask value b if the ....

R. Pickholz, D. Schilling, and L. Milstein, "Theory of Spread-Spectrum Communications - A Tutorial," IEEE Trans. Comm., pp. 855--884, May 1982.

....viii 4.8 The efficient method of modeling in Simulink . 39 4.9 Sampling mechanism in chip matched filtering . 41 4.10 Execution time plot for different bit stream lengths: L 2 [50,1200] 42 4. 11 Execution time with different number of users : K 2 [2,30] . 43 4.12 Comparison of simulation time with different bit stream lengths (5 users) 44 5.1 A base station receiver . 48 5.2 The RTW based simulation (stand alone ....

....capacity of wireless links due to the use of multiple access techniques (which allowmany users to share the same channel for transmission) in association with advanced signal processing algorithms. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is becoming a popular technology for cellular communications [2]. Unlike other multiple access techniques such as Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) which are limited in frequency band and time duration respectively, CDMA uses all of the available time frequency space. One form of CDMA called Direct Sequence ....

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein, "Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications -- A Tutorial," IEEE trans. Communications, vol. COM-30, no. 5, pp. 855--884, May 1982.

....the spectrum is under utilized if only a couple of users are active) Combining a data signal with a code can be done in several ways. All techniques have one common property: the bandwidth of the initial signal increases (spreads) A CDMA technique commonly used in practice is direct sequence [PSM82] In this technique a pseudo random noise code sequence (PN CODE) of length NDS is multiplied with every data symbol. The spreading factor is in such a system is equal to the code length. The advantage of this method is that the implementation is simple. A drawback however is that this technique ....

Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of spread spectrum communications - a tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, COM-30(5):855--884, May 1982.

....data monitoring, and data authentication. For a in depth introduction to the topic and an overview of current state of the art techniques for a variety of multimedia data, the reader is referred to [1] Most digital image watermarking methods employ some kind of spread spectrum modulation [8, 10]. This approaches have proven to be ecient, robust and cryptographically secure. From communication theory, we know that the performance and reliability of modulation schemes may be increased through channel coding. However, this concept is not very ecient if applied to watermarking techniques ....

Raymond L. Pickholz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of spread-spectrum communications{a tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855-884, May 1982.

....accurate propagation delay estimation is important. See, for instance, 1] in which we evaluated the effect of imperfect propagation delay estimation on the popular decorrelating receiver. The classical method for achieving synchronization, the so called sliding correlator, is described in [2]. Other methods are: rapid acquisition by sequential estimation (RASE) proposed in [3] and the multiple user extension of RASE developed in [4] These methods assume that the user, whose propagation delay is to be estimated, transmits a known data sequence (e.g. all ones) This implies that ....

Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. "Theory of spread-spectrum communications---A tutorial". IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol 30, No. 5, pp. 855-- 884, May 1982.

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling and Laurence B. Milstein, "Theory of Spread-Spectrum Communications-A Tutorial", IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-30, no. 5, May 1982.

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of Spread Spectrum Communications --- A Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 30(5):855--884, May 1982.

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donald L. Schilling, and Laurence B. Milstein. Theory of spread spectrum communications---A tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 20(5):855--884, May 1982.

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R. L. Pickholz, D. L. Schilling, and L. B. Milstein, "Theory of spread-spectrum communications--A tutorial," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 30, pp. 855--884, May 1982.

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Raymond L. Pickholtz, Donnald L. Schilling, Laurence B. Milstein, "Theory of spread-spectrum communications - a tutorial," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. Com-30, pp. 855-884, no.5, May 1982.

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