Eric Z. Ayers, John T. Stasko, "Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web", Proc. of 4th Intl' World Wide Web Conf. (WWW4), Boston (December 1995), MA, http://www.w3.org/ Conferences/WWW4/.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....as the user encounters them, and the displays normally adapt to show the user s current context within previously browsed pages. The dynamic adaption of the display causes gradual degradation in system performance as the extent of the graphical representation increases. WebMap [Doe94] MosaicG [AS95] Gershon s Mosaic enhancements [GWL 95] and WebNet [CJ96] all provide dynamically updated views. A significant advantage of dynamically generating the the visualisation is that it reflects exactly the navigated subspace, and its integrity is ensured. It becomes a snapshot of the visited ....

....3.1.3 Visualisation Dimension The graphical representation of pages and links can either be presented in two or three dimensions. Most visualisations are in two dimensions and are exemplified by systems including WebMap, the WWW associates of Brooks et al. [BMM95] WebCore [BA96] MosaicG [AS95] Gershon s Mosaic enhancements [GWL 95] WebViz [PB94] and WebNet [CJ96] Examples of the visualisations of these systems can be seen in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. Conventionally these representations present pages as nodes (boxes or circles) containing page titles, URLs or unique identifiers. ....

EZ Ayers and JT Stasko. Using graphic history in browsing the world wide web. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference. 11--14 December, Boston, 1995. Also available from: http://www.w3.org/pub/Conferences/WWW4/Papers2/270/.

....exploring the advantages of using composed nodes, as well as examining and improving the placement algorithm, to accurately show complex feature relations. The described prototype which joins existing members of the Internet visualization tools, are based on a multitude of techniques such as [7, 26, 10, 11, 1, 15, 28, 4, 6]. Combining these techniques, may produce better tools with better representation of the information space. ....

E. Ayers and J. Stasko. Using graphic history in browsing the World Wide Web. In Proc. of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, December 1995.

....as the user encounters them, and the displays normally adapt to show the user s current context within previously browsed pages. The dynamic adaption of the display causes gradual degradation in system performance as the extent of the graphical representation increases. WebMap [Doe94] MosaicG [AS95] Gershon s Mosaic enhancements [GWL 95] and WebNet [CJ96] all provide dynamically updated views. A significant advantage of dynamically generating the the visualisation is that it reflects exactly the navigated subspace, and its integrity is ensured. It becomes a snapshot of the visited ....

....3.1.3 Visualisation Dimension The graphical representation of pages and links can either be presented in two or three dimensions. Most visualisations are in two dimensions and are exemplified by systems including WebMap, the WWW associates of Brooks et al. [BMM95] WebCore [BA96] MosaicG [AS95] Gershon s Mosaic enhancements [GWL 95] WebViz [PB94] and WebNet [CJ96] Examples of the visualisations of these systems can be seen in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5. Conventionally these representations present pages as nodes (boxes or circles) containing page titles, URLs or unique identifiers. ....

EZ Ayers and JT Stasko. Using graphic history in browsing the world wide web. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference. 11--14 December, Boston, 1995. Also available from: http://www.w3.org/pub/Conferences/WWW4/Papers2/270/.

....PadPrints and to reduce the number of pages accessed. Other approaches included WebTOC, which was an attempt to visually depict the contents of a web site with a hierarchical table of contents through Java applets, and MosaicG, which provided a two dimensional graphical view of the history [10, 1]. Relevant psychological or other theories Graphical over textual representations of web page history emphasizes recognition over recall for revisiting web pages. GlobalTree and DomainTree provide images of the web pages visited and visual information about the page s contents. By using a tree ....

Ayers, Eric Z. and John T. Stasko. Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web. Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, December 1995.

....designs for thumbnails. A number of programs use plain thumbnails. These include many graphical editors, recent versions of Microsoft Windows, and the systems described by [8, 9, 14] among others. Ayers and Stasko s thumbnails consist of a reduced view of the upper left corner of a document [1]. Cockburn et al. 4] generated thumbnails that consist of reduced images plus dogears that indicate bookmarked and frequently visited pages. Rather than rendering a reduced image of a page, Wynblatt and Benson [20] produce Web page caricatures. These caricatures contain select features of a ....

Ayers, E. and Stasko, J. Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web. In Proc. 4th Intl. WWW Conf., December 1995.

....list of web sites, and finally by an alphabetical list of page titles. It is unclear which of these techniques is more e#ective, and we currently have a student investigating this issue. 5.1.3. Visual Histories Many systems have implemented visual histories: from early systems such as MosaicG (Ayers Stasko 1995) and WebNet (Cockburn Jones 1996) through to recent systems such as Footprints (Wexelblat Maes 1999) WebView (Cockburn et al. 1999) and PadPrints (Hightower, Ring, Helfman, Bederson Hollan 1998) With the exception of Footprints and PadPrints, the major limitation of the work on web ....

Ayers, E. & Stasko, J. (1995), Using graphic history in browsing the world wide web, in `Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference. 11--14 December, Boston'.

....pages. Graphical links show the connections between pages in the history. The primary disadvantages of Pad are its restriction to showing only the pages that the user has visited (and not the links from them) and its high computational demands (due to the complex animated display) MosaicG (Ayers Stasko 1995), like Pad , provides a graphical history of the pages that the user has visited. This history is shown in a separate window using a tree based structure and thumb nail iconic representations of each of the visited pages. The primary di#erences between MosaicG and WebNet are that MosaicG does ....

Ayers, E. & Stasko, J. (1995), Using graphic history in browsing the world wide web, in `Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference. 11--14 December, Boston'.

....in one canvas. HomepageMap have functions that user can jump to any node in the tree directly, and understand current browsing position easily by rearranging the graph. Hyperbolic Tree in Java applet by Inxight company[4] have these functions. HomepageMap have a function like Graphic History[5]. While Graphic history is a tool which represent a user s browsing history into a tree structure, HomepageMap represent a graph in advance and identify whether a node is visited by means of the color of the node. A significant feature of HomepageMap is to indicate interesting documents by ....

E.Ayers,J.Stasko, Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web, The 4th International WWW Conference , 1995. This article was processed using the L a T E X macro package with LLNCS style

....the visualization of hypertext systems and the visualization of query results. We describe several systems and explain how they directly influenced the development of SQWID. 2. 1 Visualization and Hypertext A number of systems have been built to visualize hypertext systems such as the Web (e.g. [Andrews95, Ayers95, Hasan95, Mukherjea95]) These systems have primarily focused on representing the pages and links between them as an aid for navigation and for understanding the structure of the space. While SQWID has a different focus, it uses some similar representations. A few of the systems from which SQWID draws ideas are briefly ....

Ayers, E.Z. and Stasko, J.T. Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web, Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, 1995.

....construct an archive of your history list. Not only can you browse and search it, but you may also discover relationships between pages by viewing the neighborhoods or other context information. 3.3. Visualization and Customization Combining WebGlimpse with graph drawing packages (such as [13] and [14] will allow for better visualization of the hypertext structure. Imagine adding to the results of queries some summaries of the documents, icons of them, or other useful information of the kind you find in static pages with links to related documents. When you visit a page and perform a ....

Ayers, E. Z. and J. T. Stasko, "Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web," Technical Report GIT-GVU-95-12, Georgia Inst. of Technology (May 1995).

....yielded sufficiently rapid graphics performance. RELATED WORK Research on web browsers provided many approaches. While some are add on visualizations to browsers, others are standalone browsers. These approaches can be classified as: ffl 2 D Graph: WebMap [11] Graphic History View [2], Navigational View Builder [18] ffl 3 D: Harmony [1] HyperSpace [23] ffl Hierarchical Windows: IGD [12] VIKI [17] Elastic Windows [14] ffl Zooming: Pad [3] ffl Metaphorical: WebBook [5] DecScape [4] The above list is not complete, but presented here to give an idea of alternative ....

Ayers, E. and Stasko, J., Using graphic history in browsing the World Wide Web, Proc. Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, http://www.w3.org/pub/Conferences/ WWW4/Papers2/270/, (1995).

....of the page will load the search interface, allowing users to see their current page as well as be able to ask queries and follow them. 11 Our approach opens the door to other possibilities. For example, having the neighborhoods can enhance visualizations of the structure of the hypertext (see [13, 14] for work on visualization of the WWW on the fly) One can also use this information to fly through it [15] browse very quickly and on auto pilot) to get a sense of it. 4. Conclusions We believe that combining browsing with searching will significantly enhance future information discovery ....

Ayers, E. Z. and J. T. Stasko, "Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web," Technical Report GIT-GVU-95-12, Georgia Inst. of Technology (May 1995).

....in the site without having to follow intermediate links, eliminating the need to display the intervening pages, accelerating navigation. Browsing Session Maps Other applications attempt to display the user s progress through a browsing session, regardless of which site they happen to be visiting [1, 17, 13]. These browsing session maps are constructed as the user follows links from page to page. Instead of presenting a map of a particular site s pages, these systems offer a graphical alternative to the typical browser history list. Traditional history lists are purely linear, or stack based, ....

Eric Z. Ayers and John T. Stasko. Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web. In World Wide Web Journal Issue One: Conference Proceedings, Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, pages 451--459, 1995.

....a tool which visualizes the pages visited by a user in the form of a single tree. It takes screen grabs of visited pages and puts them on the nodes of the tree. MosaicG is a modified version of Mosaic version 2:5 that provides a two dimensional view of the documents visited by a user in a session [1]. The Graphic History View presents titles, uniform resource locators (URLs) and thumbnail images of the documents a user has visited in a session. The graphical layout is a two dimensional tree built from left to right with visual cues. As graphs get large, the user has the options of: zooming ....

....is done, we need to design some mechanism to reflect such a relationship. Another issue with using tree structures is whether to display the tree top down, which supports long and skinny trees or to display it left right, which supports trees with a high fan out. PadPrints [6] and MosaicG [1] use left right tree display. One design choice is to give the user an ability to select the tree layout (through a pull down menu or a button) Another option would be to do it automatically, by fixing some thresholds, beyond which the layout of the tree toggles between the two layouts. Figure ....

Ayers, E., Stasko, J. Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web. Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, MA.(1996) http://www.w3.org/Conferences/WWW4/Papers2/270/

....di#erences in source files, including di#erences in inter source file relationships that are exposed as links. Alerting systems such as netmind [22] are available to monitor and report changes. Convenient graphical tools for visualizing and using browsing histories can be helpful: tools such as [1] provide graphical visualization of browsing histories in distributed, shared context that can be used by teams co operating over an intranet. A novel application of the web is in distributed code inspections. Empirical studies [23] suggest that distributed inspections based on the WWW can save ....

E. Z. Ayers and J. T. Stasko. Using graphic history in browsing the world wide web, fourth international world wide web. World Wide Web, 1995. http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Journal/- 1/ayers.270/paper/270.html.

....duplicate the browser window, including its history, so that one window preserves the original history while the other is used to backtrack. Netscape s New Window command worked similarly before version 4.0. A more complex solution might extend the linear browsing history to a branching tree [2]. 6 Status and Future Work The LAPIS web browser described in this paper, including Java source code, is available from http: www.cs.cmu.edu rcm lapis LAPIS is only a prototype, but it demonstrates the basic ideas described in this paper. Unfortunately, the LAPIS prototype is not robust ....

E.Z. Ayers and J.T. Stasko. "Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web." Proc. 4th InternationalWorld Wide Web Conference WWW4, December 1995, pp 259--270.

....78) 19 Figure 2.4. Netscape Go list . 22 Figure 2.5. WebNet (Cockburn and Jones, 1996) 23 Figure 2.6. MosaicG Graphic History View (Ayers and Stasko, 1995). 24 Figure 2.7. ISYS HindSite search results window. 25 Figure 2.8. Navinet s Overdrive Logger. 27 Figure 2.9. Internet Explorer Log window ....

....history list provides a two dimensional representation of the Web pages the user has visited. Its main benefit compared to the linear history list is that the branching list provides more information about the structure of the Web space the user has visited. Both Cockburn and Jones (1996) and Ayers and Stasko (1995) have proposed history mechanisms of this type. Cockburn and Jones have implemented their tool, WebNet, in Tcl Tk; it is designed to run along side any standard web browsing client. WebNet displays a scrollable graphical overview of the web subspace visited in a session (Figure 2.5) Nodes appear ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Ayers, E. and Stasko, J. (1995) Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web.

....21 million Web pages[Cor96] Not surprisingly, many researchers have proposed visualization as a technology to address the severe problems of disorientation and information overload that are caused by interacting with such a large and chaotic information space. See, for example, Doe94, And95, AS95, GS95, TL95, HDWB95, MDH95] In this paper we discuss some principles, based on our experience with information visualization in other domains as well as in the Web domain, that we believe are important in making visualization truly useful. In sum, these are: layout, abstraction, focus, and ....

Eric Z. Ayers and John T. Stasko. Using graphic history in browsing the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston, December 1995. http://www.w3.org/- pub/Conferences/WWW4/Papers2/270.

....to complex structures such as graphical trees [22] With the advent of interactive systems and networking, rich history mechanisms have become essential for applications where navigation and orientation are critical. Various strategies have been developed for history dynamics in browser programs [2, 4, 19, 20] and for temporally based history visualization [6, 8, 10, 14] Such research has greatly enhanced the playing field for history systems that are still used primarily for recovery and recall. Recently, however, history keeping has surfaced as a potentially valuable asset in the context of ....

Ayers, E.Z. and Stasko, J.T. Using graphic history in browsing the World Wide Web. Proceedings of the Third International World Wide Web Conference, (1995) Darmstadt, Germany.

....issues. Some of these issues are common among hypertext systems and some are specific to information access across the Internet. Empirical evidence shows that some well known problems with hypertext systems, such as disorientation and cognitive overhead, also exist in the use of the WWW [1, 9, 17]. These problems may become even more unbearable when it takes several seconds or even longer for users to download information from the Internet in rush hours. Georgia Institute of Technology s WWW User Surveys [17] shows that 69.1 of users regarded the delay in downloading Web pages as a major ....

....normally draw on the rich information available across the WWW and prior extraction and analysis of overall structures. These systems often use Internet software agents, commonly known as spiders or wanderers, to acquire information automatically from the WWW. Dynamic systems, such as MOSAICG [1] and WEBNET [9] dynamically build a graph of WWW documents recently Permission to make digital hard copies of all or part of this material for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, the ....

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Ayers, E. Z., and Stasko, J. T. Using graphic history in browsing the World Wide Web. In Proceedings of the 4th International World-Wide Web Conference (Boston, December, 1994). http://www.w3.org/pub/Conferences/ WWW4/Papers2/270/

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Eric Z. Ayers, John T. Stasko, "Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web", Proc. of 4th Intl' World Wide Web Conf. (WWW4), Boston (December 1995), MA, http://www.w3.org/ Conferences/WWW4/.

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Eric Z. Ayers, John T. Stasko, "Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web", Technical Report, GIT-CC-95-12, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga, March 1995.

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Eric Z. Ayers, John T. Stasko, "Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web", Proc. of 4th Intl' World Wide Web Conf. (WWW4), Boston (December 1995), MA, http://www.w3.org/ Conferences/WWW4/.

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Eric Z. Ayers, John T. Stasko, "Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web", Technical Report, GIT-CC-95-12, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga, March 1995.

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Ayers, E.Z., Stasko, J.T. (1995). Using Graphic History in Browsing the World Wide Web, Proceedings of the Fourth International World Wide Web Conference, Boston.

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