Geoffrion, A.M., (1987) An Introduction to Structured Modeling, Management Science, 33, 5, 547-588.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....priorities of suggested functionality. 5. Analysis Support Tools There are a host of approaches for providing users aids in understanding an evolving discourse oriented collaborative knowledge base. Tools to analyze complex non linear structures are found in areas such as structural modeling [9, 22]. Figure 2: Planning Delphi Discourse Structure Trend Assumptions Measures Actions Influence Controllable Uncontrollable Voting: Validity Voting: Significance Influence Observation Observation of outcomes Voting: Desirability Table 3: Forecasting planning Delphi Relationships ....

Geoffrion, A. M., An Introduction to Structured Modeling, Management Science, (33:5), May 1987, 547-588.

.... E instances that actually have A values (i.e. excluding those which don t have A values) A E = A E (1 P0 A E ) rel.23 the average length of A values for E instances that actually have A values : l A = l A (1 P0 A E ) rel.24 Example : let E be entity type EMPLOYEE with attribute PHONE[0 5]; let s use abbreviation E for EMPLOYEE and P for PHONE; N E = 1,200 N P = 900 P E = 1.5 E P = 2 P0 P E = 0,2 P E = 1.5 (1 0,2) 1.875 7 Often, this number is rather large, and can be considered as practically infinite. Such is the case with machine domains such as long character ....

....ri from N Ei and N R or even to calculate all the ri of R from one of them. Deciding what are the basic statistics and what are the derived ones results in a system of computable specifications 14 . A given set of undirected specifications can generate a fairly large set of computable systems [5]. Finding them, and more specifically choosing one of them is not a straighforward task. The problem is twofold : how to determine basic and derived statistics of a given schema and how to determine the order in which the derived statistics must be computed We propose a procedure to find ....

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Geoffrion, A., M., An Introduction to Structured Modeling, Management Sciences, Vol. 33, No. 5, 1987

.... characteristics, relations to other models, etc) and model processing (i.e. application of suitable algorithms, support of sensitivity and what if analyses, etc) see Baldwin et al. (1991) for a survey in model management research Research in the model management context has seen the work of Geoffrion (1987 and 1989a) with the structured modelling approach, which has been formally described in Geoffrion (1989b) and rigorously compared to well known modelling environments for operations research models, like GAMS; see Kendrick and Krishnan (1989) This work extends operations research modelling to ....

Geoffrion, A.M. (1987) An Introduction to Structured Modeling, Management Science, 33 (5), pp. 547-588, May.

....special class of acyclic directed graphs, are used for service representation. A query model from a user is checked for similarity with models in the repository and models being most similar are reported as retrieval result. Our approach is based on Structured Modeling (SM) by Arthur M. Geoffrion [6]. Broadly spoken a structured model is an acyclic, directed graph whose nodes represent components of the model (entities, decision variables, etc. and whose arcs represent definitional dependencies between components. Structured Modeling has proven to have the potential to capture the essential ....

....elements of a description of a software service. 2 Modeling services by Structured Service Models A SSM describes the problem that is solved by the service: data that is input to the service, data that is computed by the service, and relations between these data. The approach is based on SM [6] which was designed to define decision models in Management Science, but which has shown its potential in representing models from other fields as well, e.g. data base models [2] Our SSM can be viewed as a restricted version of Structured Modeling in order to simplify the usage of the modeling ....

A. M. Geoffrion. An introduction to structured modeling. Management Science, 33(5):547--588, 1987.

....synchronous communication links It is inevitable on the long run that the construction of new models become necessary by the users themselves. This will generate a demand for model building tools which has already been a fruitful research area lately [Binbasioglu, Jarke 1986] Bir,Maros 1991] [Geoffrion 1987], Gerlach,Kuo 1990] Ma,MurpyStohr 1989] Murphy,Stohr 1986] Mller Merbach 1983] Roy,Lasdon, Plane 1989] The inherent dangers of end user model building should not be neglected [Gass 1990] The combination of the use of deep knowledge tools, intuition, and transparent spreadsheet ....

A.M.Geoffrion: "An Introduction to Structured Modeling", Management Science, 33, No.5 (1987) 547-588.

....a special class of acyclic directed graphs, are used for service representation. A query model from a user is checked for similarity with models in the repository and models being most similar are reported as retrieval result. 2 Our approach is based on Structured Modeling by Arthur M. Geoffrion [6], a modeling approach for decision support that made a significant contribution to the theory of modeling in Management Science. Broadly spoken a structured model is an acyclic, directed graph whose nodes represent components of the model (entities, decision variables, etc. and whose arcs ....

....We call the description of a service a Structured Service Model (SSM) in the following. A SSM describes the problem that is solved by the service: data that is input to the service, data that is computed by the service, and relations between these data. The approach is based on Structured Modeling [6, 7] which was designed to define decision models in Management Science, but which has shown its potential in representing models from other fields as well, e.g. data base models [3] Our SSM can be viewed as a restricted version of Structured Modeling in order to simplify the usage of the modeling ....

A. M. Geoffrion. An introduction to structured modeling. Management Science, 33(5):547--588, 1987.

....of a complex objects presentation is increasing. In our case, we have to analyze several kinds of the systems (i.e. initial system, design space, change system, and improvement schedule) and their processing. Main presentation approaches for objects are as follows: 1) structural modeling ([14], etc. 2) morphological presentation of complex objects and hierarchical alternatives ( 20] 28] etc. 3) diagrams and flow charts (e.g. for scheduling) Techniques of the process presentation are mainly based on flowcharts, the use of languages, and special multi media environments, for ....

A.M. Geoffrion, "An Introduction to Structured Modeling". Management Science, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 547-588, 1987.

....recent years a significance of designing the structural hierarchical models of complex systems has been increased. The following approaches are used for designing of structural models: 1) design of hierarchical multilevel models of complex systems [Waller, 1976; etc. 2) structural modeling [Geoffrion, 1987; etc. 3) usage of knowledge based systems for a configuration design [McDermott, 1982; Sykes and White, 1989; etc. 4) selection, modification, and aggregation of some standard frames (e.g. technological frames) Pospelov, 1986] 5) hierarchical approximation of an initial system ....

A.M. Geoffrion, An Introduction to Structured Modeling. Manag. Sci., 33(5): 547-588, 1987.

.... Recognition of the importance of modeling methodologies and computer assisted support is evident in the prescriptive modeling community through efforts such as ANALYZE (Greenberg 1983; 1987; 1993) GAMS (Bisschop and Meeraus 1982; Brooke, Kendrick and Meeraus 1992) and Structured Modeling (Geoffrion 1987, 1992a, 1992b) Within the discrete event simulation community, the maturation of research in methodology based support environments is seen in KBSim (Rothenberg 1989) Knowledge Based Simulation (KBS) Baskaran and Reddy 1984) MODSYN (Rozenblit and Huang 1991) and the Visual Simulation ....

Geoffrion, A.M. 1987. An introduction to structured modeling, Management Science, 33:547-588.

....the current state of research on modeling systems leaves us poised to deliver such tools. By way of background, we note that most new modeling practitioners are surprised by the amount of work and the length of time required to get truly useful results from model based studies. As suggested in [16], at least five factors contribute to this state of affairs. First, at least three distinct representations typically are used for each model: a natural representation suitable for communication with people (often managers) without special training in modeling; a mathematical representation ....

....only in conventional ways but also via interactive network access over the World Wide Web. Throughout, Structured Modeling will provide the organizing framework insofar as scientific and practical objectives allow. AME will build on a decade of Structured Modeling research and development (cf. [16, 17, 21]) and on prominent work in the broader area of model management and decision support systems, including advances in optimization, model analysis, model integration, and post solution analysis. The project aims to extend these developments and render them conveniently usable to meet the modeling ....

A.M. Geoffrion. An Introduction to Structured Modeling, Management Science, 33:5 (1987), 547--588.

....iterative schemes such as those based on column generation or stochastic linear programming, may require the user to develop a large number of models. The software support in optimization systems for helping users in all such situations have come to be known as tools for model management [27,30]. 5. The choice of a linear programming solution procedure. For linear programs with special structure (for example, network flows [1] it pays to use specialized versions of linear programming algorithms. In the case of general linear optimization software, the user may be provided a choice of a ....

A.M. Geoffrion, An Introduction to Structured Modeling, Management Science 33 (1987) 547588.

....work in database design, programming and maintenance. A good example is provided by aspects of the prototype system FW SM [21, 36] The abstract structure of FW SM data is described by use of the SML language [22, 23] which embodies the principles that have been codified as structured modeling [20]. The database management component is supplied by Framework III, an integrated software system for MS DOS computers. This is an appealing arrangement, but it does confront some substantial design issues. Certainly, the class of schemes natural to LP modelers is too broad and vague to be ....

A.M. Geoffrion, 1987. An Introduction to Structured Modeling. Management Science 33, 547--588. 52

....that arose from the field of computer science. We begin this section with the concept of structured modeling. This research trend has influenced developers of modeling languages, in particular non algebraic modeling languages. 5. 1 Structured Modeling The birth of the idea of structured modeling [13] in the 80 s was prompted by the limitations of most languages available at this time. Structured modeling proposed a list of criteria intended to lead to good modeling. The main concept underlying structured modeling is that every model can be viewed as a set of smaller models or distinct ....

A. M. Geoffrion, An introduction to structured modeling, Management Science, 33 (1987), pp. 547--588.

....languages and systems, and b) examples that illustrate inference and decoding in modeling systems, and which show the usefulness of embedded languages in enhancing the functionality of modeling systems. We begin with two examples in the first category. 1. Geoffrion s structured modeling framework [14] provides a powerful notation independent methodology for developing a wide variety of models, and several modeling languages based on this framework have been proposed. In [9] Chari and Krishnan describe a logical reconstruction of structured modeling, and develop a logic based language, LSM, ....

Geoffrion, Arthur M., "An Introduction to Structured Modeling," Management Science 33:5, pp. 547--588, 1987.

....as closely as possible. There has been correspondingly little foundation in theory. Some interesting prototypes have been developed in schools of business and departments of industrial engineering and operations research, notably around the theory of structured modeling expounded by Geoffrion [19, 20]. But today s most widely used systems are either entirely commercial in origin, or have their background in non commercial projects (AMPL [18] GAMS [9] that emphasized user support and that eventually spun off marketable products. System architecture. Constraint logic programming systems are ....

A.M. Geoffrion, An Introduction to Structured Modeling. Management Science 33 (1987) 547--588.

....in sequence, i.e. it finally overcomes the nasty chaining problem, from which much of this development originally started. In terms of the complete engineering approach, we are going even further. We are very close to integrating main parts of the structured modelling framework (SML, cf. [3, 4]) into this environment, thus offering additional features for modelling in scheduling. Also, there is some effort to integrate many ideas of the ASCEND philosophy [10] within the next few years. Within the present cooperation phase between the FAW and the Technical University of Berlin, also ....

A. Geoffrion. An introduction to structured modeling. Management Science, 33(5), 1987.

....is not trivial. 5 Conclusion The prototype described in this paper forms the basis for further developments of a system for a model oriented integration of data and algorithms (MIDA) The next step of research aims at an integration of several modeling languages such as an extension of SML [G87] and the ASCEND system [P89] Reuse of models and model integration are two research issues which come into MIDA by this integration [KPW91] Another problem that has to be addressed is how user preferences could be used to propose algorithms for selection ordered w.r.t. the intention of the user. ....

A. Geoffrion, "An Introduction to Structured Modeling", Management Science, Vol. 33, No. 5, 1987

....in one or more independently developed PSDSEs. In order to better understand these issues, let us review some comparable research efforts, particularly as related to structural modeling, process modeling, meta modeling, model construction and integration, and model management systems. Geoffrion [Geo87, Geo89, Geo92] is among those who can be noted for their pioneering of the computational rendering and use of structural modeling. His structures model targetted problem domains using attributed directed graphs, which in turn can be supported using entity relation attribute (ERA) based model ....

A.M. Geoffrion. An Introduction to Structured Modeling. Management Science, 33(5):547--589, 1987.

....usefully has been. Indeed, Little s lament that The big problem with management science models is that managers practically never use them [17, p. B 466] was old when he made it 25 years ago. 1 It remains valid today, as nearly all observers of the scene agree, including Geoffrion (e.g. [6, 10]) who has perhaps been the most acute and articulate. The question is Why A number of reasons, or excuses, have been given for not using, or managing, models in an organization. Those we have most often encountered are listed below, along with brief comments. 1. Our organization doesn t use ....

....and so won t accept them. Little [17] addressed this point straight on. His recommendation, widely recognized as seminal in the field of DSS, was to computerize the models so that analysts could more thoroughly explore them in order to gain understanding of and confidence in the models. Geoffrion [6, 7, 8, 9, 10] is in avid agreement with Little s recommendation, and adds that following the discipline of proper design and representation of models can only promote their use and value. 3. When we need a model we get it from another organization, or we get someone to build the model, and then we use it. By ....

Arthur M. Geoffrion. An introduction to structured modeling. Management Science, 33(5), 1987.

.... Model Management with Structured Modeling and Embedded Languages Hua Hua New Jersey Institute of Technology Computer and Information Science Department Newark, NJ 07102 1982 (210) 596 3369 hhua vienna.njit.edu Steven O. Kimbrough University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School 3620 Locust Walk Philadelphia, PA 19104 6366 USA (215) 898 5133 kimbrough wharton.upenn.edu February 5, 1995 This research was supported in part by US Coast Guard contract number DTCG3986 C E92204, ....

....Modeling and Embedded Languages Hua Hua New Jersey Institute of Technology Computer and Information Science Department Newark, NJ 07102 1982 (210) 596 3369 hhua vienna.njit.edu Steven O. Kimbrough University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School 3620 Locust Walk Philadelphia, PA 19104 6366 USA (215) 898 5133 kimbrough wharton.upenn.edu February 5, 1995 This research was supported in part by US Coast Guard contract number DTCG3986 C E92204, Steven O. Kimbrough, principal investigator. File: hua sok tefa2 isdss 1995. Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Background on the Use of Models 3 3 An ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Arthur M. Geoffrion. An introduction to structured modeling. Management Science, 33(5), 1987.

....in conventional ways but also via interactive network access over 1 the World Wide Web. Throughout, Structured Modeling will provide the organizing framework insofar as scientific and practical objectives allow. AME will build on a decade of Structured Modeling research and development (cf. [6, 7, 9]) and on prominent work in the broader area of model management and decision support systems, including advances in optimization, model analysis, model integration, and post solution analysis. The project aims to extend these developments and render them conveniently usable to meet the modeling ....

A.M. Geoffrion. An Introduction to Structured Modeling, Management Science, 33:5 (1987), 547-588.

....the current state of research on modeling systems leaves us poised to deliver such tools. By way of background, we note that most new modeling practitioners are surprised by the amount of work and the length of time required to get truly useful results from model based studies. As suggested in [14], at least four factors contribute to this state of affairs. First, at least three distinct representations typically are used for each model: a natural representation suitable for communication with people (often managers) without special training in modeling; a mathematical representation ....

....in conventional ways but also via interactive network access over the World Wide Web. Throughout, Structured Modeling will provide the organizing framework insofar as scientific and practical objectives allow. AME will build on a decade of Structured Modeling research and development (cf. [14, 15, 17]) and on prominent work in the broader area of model management and decision support systems, including advances in optimization, model analysis, model integration, and post solution analysis. The project aims to extend these developments and render them conveniently usable to meet the modeling ....

A.M. Geoffrion. An Introduction to Structured Modeling, Management Science, 33:5 (1987), 547-588.

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Geoffrion, A.M., (1987) An Introduction to Structured Modeling, Management Science, 33, 5, 547-588.

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Arthur M. Geoffrion. An introduction to structured modeling. Management Science, 33(5), 1987.

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A.M. Geoffrion. An introduction to structured modeling. Management Science, 33:547--588, 1987.

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