The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM Sigmod Record, vol 25(3), September 1996.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....has developed into a relatively mature area. An indication of the degree of maturity is the significant number of working research prototypes, e.g. Sentinel [AMC93] Samos [GD93] Ode [GJS92] Reach [BZ 95] ACOOD [BL92] and the publication of The Active Database Management System Manifesto [ACT96]. Furthermore, the ECA rule formalism is now being adopted in a number of other research areas such as real time systems [BH95] cooperative problem solving [BCL96] CK 93] and workflow systems [BJ94] Although several ADBMS research prototypes have been constructed, few have been fully ....

....and control the application s activities in various ways. There has been intensive research activity concerning active databases for more than ten years. The interested reader can find more information on active databases in the following sources: Cha92] PW93] Wid94] Sel95] WC95] [ACT96]. 3 Characteristics of ACOOD This section describes the characteristics of ACOOD following the outline in the Active Database Management System Manifesto [ACT96] The description concerns the latest version of ACOOD which has been redesigned and re implemented in order to provide a well ....

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The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM Sigmod Record, vol 25(3), September 1996.

....triggers the evaluation of a condition. If the condition evaluates to true, the action is carried out. Several aspects of the ECA rule abstraction, such as composite events, event consumption modes, coupling modes, and conflict resolution have been investigated by the database research community [Con96]. Although the applicability of active capability has been extensively explored in the context of database systems, its potential for novel applications has received rather less attention. However, its importance for application areas such as workflow [BJ94] cooperative problem solving [CKNT93] ....

....events, method events, and database events. A composite event is a set of primitive events or composite events related by defined event operators such as disjunction, conjunction, and sequence. Extensive work on active object oriented databases (AOODBMS) has been carried out in recent years [Con96]. This area of research can be seen as an enabling technology for supporting applications in heterogeneous information systems. Examples of applications in this category are advanced workflow management systems, real time plant control systems, and process centered software development ....

The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM Sigmod Record, 25(3), September 1996.

....This area of research can be seen as an enabling technology for supporting applications in heterogeneous information systems. Examples of applications in this category are advanced workflow management systems, real time plant control systems, and process centred software development environments [8]. The interested reader is referred to [22, 8] for a general introduction to active databases. 3 The Chosen Problem In this paper we consider distribution and collaboration as they relate to certain aspects of result sharing. Research on result sharing has not been as exhaustive as it has been ....

....technology for supporting applications in heterogeneous information systems. Examples of applications in this category are advanced workflow management systems, real time plant control systems, and process centred software development environments [8] The interested reader is referred to [22, 8] for a general introduction to active databases. 3 The Chosen Problem In this paper we consider distribution and collaboration as they relate to certain aspects of result sharing. Research on result sharing has not been as exhaustive as it has been on task sharing, so is less well reported. We ....

The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM Sigmod Record, 25(3), September 1996.

....(represented by ontologybased concepts enriched with semantic contexts) Events are disseminated to interested consumers by means of a notification service that is based on a concept based publish subscribe mechanism. In this work traditional processing of EventCondition Action rules (ECA rules) [7, 8, 9] is decomposed into its elementary and autonomous parts. These parts are responsible for complex event detection, condition evaluation and action execution. The rule processing is then realized as a composition of these elementary services according to the rule definition. Interactions among ....

The Act-Net Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. SIGMOD Record, 25(3):40--49, September 1996. www.acm.org/sigmod/sigmod\ _record/9609/adbms.ps.

....occurs, and if the condition is satis ed, the action is executed immediately. In other situations it may be more advantageous to defer the evaluation of the condition and the execution of the action to the end of the database transaction. For additional details concerning coupling modes please see [1]. Events can be classi ed into primitive events or composite events. Primitive events refer to elementary occurrences that are prede ned such as transaction events (e.g. begin of transaction, abort transaction) database updates (e.g. insert, delete, update) or user de ned application events ....

....in the UML notation and what enhancements that are needed. The enhancements are highlighted in UML A. UML A 1 is an extended version of UML for supporting modelling of ECA rule features. As a yardstick for what ECA rule features we are interested in we use those features from the ADBMS Manifesto [1] that are related to ECA rule semantics. These ECA rule features were also introduced and explained in section 2 of this paper. Figure 1 shows that events, event parameters, conditions, and actions (including activities) are already available in UML statecharts. Since events, conditions, and ....

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ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. SIGMOD Record, 25(3):40-49, September 1996.

....6 References . 28 3 of 31 1 Introduction Active database management systems (ADBMS) [1, 16, 19, 24, 56, 58, 59, 75] are able to react in a predefined way to specific, predefined situations occurring in the database or its environment. The execution of appropriate reactions is automated and therefore does not require explicit requests issued by users or applications. Situations are usually specified as ....

The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM Sigmod Record, 25:3, September 1996.

....databases, event condition action rules, rule debugging, trace visualization 1 Introduction Active database systems have been developed since several years. Basic active facilities in terms of Event Condition Action rules (ECA rules) have already found their way into commercial database systems [ACT96], Coll99] Kapp98b] Although active facilities are suitable for a wide range of different tasks, they are not straightforward to use when developing active database applications [Pato99] The main reasons are as follows. First, the very special nature of active behavior, which is controlled ....

ACT-NET Consortium, The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. SIGMOD Record, 25(3), 1996, pp. 40-49.

....type of source has limited structure and allows textual editing, making change representation non trivial. There are no obvious DAW capabilities in a file system. An active database management system enables users to define rules each specifying an event for which an action should be performed [ACT96]. A typical event might be that a specific entity is altered, and the action to send a message to some object. This means that an active database may provide CHAC by using the rule system. Even though it is considered a tractable property, not all ADBMSs enable DAW. A system may, for example, ....

ACT-NET, "The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features", SIGMOD Record 25(3), 1996

....to capture a variety of constraints associated with BODs; not only those specified by OAG but also those defined by application systems are supported. The concept and use of ECAA rules for constraint specification and enforcement is adapted from some existing active database management systems [ACT96, HAN93] such as HiPAC [DAY88, BUC95] Ariel [HAN92] Alert [SCH91] Sentinel [CHA94a] POSTGRESS [STO91] ODE [GEH91, GEH96] Starburst [LOH91, WID90] and our own work on OSAM .KBMS [SU91, SU92, SU93, SU95, SU96a, SU96b, SHY96] In active systems, database operations or user defined operations can be ....

ACT-NET Consortium, "The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features," ACM SIGMOD Record Vol. 25, No. 3, September 1996, pp. 40-49.

....Event Consumption Modes Contexts. So far we have defined the structure of composite events but we have not yet analyzed the occurrence of its component events. Event consumption determines which occurrences of a series of events are considered as component events for a certain composite event [ACT96]. Different application categories need rather different consumption modes in order to restrict multiple occurrences of composite events of one and the same composite event selector. The mechanism introduced in [Chak94] for realizing different consumption modes are contexts. A context represents a ....

ACT-NET Consortium, The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features, in SIGMOD Records, Vol. 25, No.3, Sept. 1996

....i) decompose a problem into subproblems, ii) solve the subproblems, and iii) integrate the results obtained for the subproblems. Typically, task shared cooperation is enforced through cooperation protocols which are based on condition action rules. We belive that active database technology [1] can play a significant role when developing systems within the frameworks of Cooperative Information Systems and Cooperative Information Agents. Briefly, active capability is supported through event condition action (ECA) rules with the semantics: when an event E occurs, evaluate condition C, and ....

ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. SIGMOD Record, 25(3):40--49, September 1996.

....and improvements should be undertaken. In this paper, we show how logging and analysis is performed in EvE [13] a distributed system providing event driven workflow execution. In event driven workflow management [4, 6, 8, 14, 16] the technology of active database management systems (ADBMSs) [1] is used to express certain aspects of workflow management, such as control flow enforcement [14] or agent synchronization [4] In Proc. 3 rd Int l Workshop on Rules in Database Systems (RIDS) Skoevde, Sweden, June 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1312, Springer Verlag, Below, we ....

ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM SIGMOD Record, 25(3), September 1996.

....Additionally brokers may raise exceptions which are defined at a system level and not for a specific service. The reaction of a broker to events (the behavior of the broker) is defined by one or more event condition action rules (ECA rules) as proposed for active database management systems [1, 22]. The set of ECA rules of a broker is also referred to as the broker s capabilities. Intuitively, the meaning of rules is that whenever a broker detects an event, it checks whether the condition holds and if it holds executes the action. ECA rules are used to define how brokers implement ....

The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM SIGMOD Record 25:3, September 1996.

....single database snapshot and a collection of deltas. According to this view, we obtain various states of the database by starting with a single snapshot and applying some sequence of deltas to it. An early, simple example of this approach is the idea of delta relations, used in active databases [ACT96, WC96] and trigger languages [ISO94] which represent a set of changes to a relation R using two relations R and R Gamma , where R = Rnew Gamma R old , and R Gamma = R old Gamma Rnew . More recently, this approach has been used by the Heraclitus H2O project to represent changes ....

ACT-NET. The active database management system manifesto: A rulebase of ADBMS features. ACM SIGMOD Record, 25(3):20--49, September 1996.

....monitoring, where the EIS should on its own become aware of what is happening around it, and react properly and spontaneously, e.g. by automatically notifying a public officer. Active database management systems (ADBMS) are a response by the database community to the need for proactivity [Con96] ADBMS technically base their behaviour on the event condition (re )action paradigm which reduces all interactions with the system environment to the notion of an observed event that causes a condition to be satisfied which then gives rise to an action being taken. Event condition action (ECA) ....

The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM SIGMOD Record, pp. 40--49, September 1996.

....in [JF95] it is kept updated on the web at http: www.dbis.informatik.hu berlin.de publications techreports.html. The ACT NET Consortium, a network of EU universities, has attempted to define the term active database by presenting a manifesto of features that all such systems should support [Act96]. They also argue that different levels of functionality are appropriate for different applications, and classify active database applications along two dimensions: whether the underlying information system is homogenous or heterogenous whether the ADBMS simply monitors the information ....

The ACT-NET Consortium (K. Dittrich, S. Gatziu, A. Geppert, eds.), "The active database management system manifesto: a rulebase of ADBMS features," Sigmod Record 25(3), 40-49 (1996).

.... causal relationships between process data based on generic process notions (processes, process decomposition, and information flow) One of our students, Quan Li, currently develops a framework that allows to define domain specific traceability relations using event condition action rules [ACT 96] The extended framework fulfils Requirement 8 as soon as the notifications which currently are only distributed in a local area network are distributed over the Internet. Product models specify the structure and relationships of (software development) products. In that sense, they describe ....

ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM Sigmod Record 25(3): 40-49, 1996.

.... for active behavior and especially the semantics behind them are wellunderstood and established in these systems [8] This has recently lead to a consensus on those base concepts, which spawned several comprehensive overviews on the concepts and dimensions of active functionality in active DBMS [3, 18, 25]. In order to describe the architecture of an unbundled system we adopt a rather general architectural model from [10, 20] Our architectural model consists of components, connectors (between components) and a policy restricting the ways how components and connections can be arranged interacted. ....

The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM Sigmod Record, 25:3, September 1996.

.... within TriGS [Kapp98] The architecture of the TriGS prototype follows a layered approach, i.e. the active capabilities are implemented on top of the Smalltalk based object oriented database system GemStone, which provides traditional database functionality, as is required for an active system [ACT96]. The basic components of the prototype system are illustrated in Figure 3. Figure 3. Components of the TriGS Prototype Concerning the implementation, one emphasis is put on the detection of composite events whose components are allowed to span not only different transactions, but also different ....

ACT-NET Consortium, The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features, in SIGMOD Records, Vol. 25, No.3, Sept. 1996

....This area of research can be seen as an enabling technology for supporting applications in heterogenous information systems. Example of applications in this category are advanced workflow management systems, real time plant control systems, and process centered software development environments [Con96] The interested reader is referred to [WC95, Con96] for a general introduction to active databases. 4 The Chosen Problem In the literature, the problem of coordination is conventionally exemplified by task sharing and most of the proposed protocols are driven by task sharing. Hence, we have ....

....for supporting applications in heterogenous information systems. Example of applications in this category are advanced workflow management systems, real time plant control systems, and process centered software development environments [Con96] The interested reader is referred to [WC95, Con96] for a general introduction to active databases. 4 The Chosen Problem In the literature, the problem of coordination is conventionally exemplified by task sharing and most of the proposed protocols are driven by task sharing. Hence, we have chosen task sharing to elaborate our approach to a ....

The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM Sigmod Record, 25(3), September 1996.

....triggers the evaluation of a condition. If the condition evaluates to true, the action is carried out. Several aspects of the ECA rule abstraction, such as composite events, event consumption modes, coupling modes, and conflict resolution have been investigated by the database research community [Con96] Although the applicability of active capability has been extensively explored in the context of database systems, its potential for novel applications has received rather less attention. However, its importance for application areas such as workflow [BJ94] cooperative problem solving [CKNT93] ....

....events, method events, and database events. A composite event is a set of primitive events or composite events related by defined event operators such as disjunction, conjunction, and sequence. Extensive work on active object oriented databases (AOODBMS) has been carried out in recent years [Con96] This area of research can be seen as an enabling technology for supporting applications in heterogeneous information systems. Examples of applications in this category are advanced workflow management systems, real time plant control systems, and process centered software development ....

The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS Features. ACM Sigmod Record, 25(3), September 1996.

....as the only integration and coordination mechanism for distributed, heterogeneous, and dynamically configurable WS. Several researchers including ourselves [7, 9, 12, 14] have proposed the use of event condition action rules (ECA rules) as provided by active database management systems (ADBMS, [2]) for workflow execution. These approaches, however, use a centralized ADBMS, which renders distribution, openness, and scalability hard to achieve. Event services (as, e.g. specified in CORBA Services [22] also support the notion of event, but these services are restricted to primitive events ....

The ACT-NET Consortium. The Active Database Management System Manifesto: A Rulebase of ADBMS FEatures. ACM SIGMOD Record 25:3, September 1996.

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