Huhns, M.N., Singh, M.P., Les Gasser (eds.). Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers (1998).  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....for pictures is a browsing process, rather than a static event, the need for dynamic evaluation models must be addressed. Measures such as precision and recall must be extended to reflect the utility of a given session, rather than a single query. Finally, the design of a multi agent system [10] that is capable of accessing information from various sites is being explored. The highlight is a selflearning user agent. Information which is unique to the user, and that may assist in indexing and retrieval will be housed in this agent. This includes for example, sample images of the user s ....

Michael Huhns and Munindar Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, 1998.

..... 51 9.2 Static Combined Security Verification Algorithm . 52 10 Related Work 57 11 Conclusions 61 A Appendix: Feasible, Rational, and Reasonable Status Sets 67 1 Introduction Over the last few years, there has been intense work in the area of intelligent agents [30, 63]. Applications of such agent technology have ranged from intelligent news and mail filtering programs [40] to agents that monitor the state of the stock market and detect trends in stock prices, to intelligent web search agents [21] to the digital battlefield where agent technology closely ....

M. Huhns and M. Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, 1997.

....encapsulate the external monitors. Probably, the communication between a monitor agent and the monitor itself will use a TCP IP socket (this mechanism is not yet implemented, so only the events occurring in the PA interface are monitored) Many works have employed a monitoring mechanism. In [13] [10] a PA is used to search the Internet. Whilst the user navigates, an agent proposes new WEB sites analyzing the contents of the sites visited by the user. In CALVIN project [12] sequences of visited sites are also considered but the goal is to automatically store cases containing the resources ....

Huhns, M. N., Singh, M. P. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc., 1998.

....we are currently addressing, we would like to focus on the capture of actions through PA agents, on the multi agent systems that support KM systems, and finally on the gradual formalization of the information. PA applications may range from Internet search up to collaborative tasks. In [6] and [9] a PA is used to search the Internet. Whilst the user navigates, the agent proposes new web sites analyzing the contents of the sites visited by the user. PAs are also used to improve the interface with complex systems. In [8] and [7] a PA has been used to facilitate the interaction between the ....

M. N. Huhns and M. P. Singh. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc., 1998.

....further show that agent programs cleanly extend well understood semantics for logic programs, and thus are clearly linked to existing results on logic programming and nonmonotonic reasoning. 1 Introduction Over the last few years, there has been intense work in the area of intelligent agents [49, 105]. Applications of such agent technology have ranged from intelligent news and mail filtering programs [62] to agents that monitor the state of the stock market and detect trends in stock prices, to intelligent web search agents [33] to the digital battlefield where agent technology closely ....

....in the literature can be encoded. Agents can collaborate if they wish, but again, collaboration is an explicit action, and the rules governing such collaborations can be encoded as rules within agent programs. Agent Architectures. For an excellent anthology of classic works on agent systems, see [49]. There have been numerous proposals for agentization in the literature (e.g. 35, 43, 17] which have been broadly classified by Genesereth and Ketchpel [40] into four categories: in the first category, each agent has an associated transducer that converts all incoming messages and requests ....

M. Huhns and M. Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann Press, 1997.

....we are currently addressing, we would like to focus on the capture of actions through PA agents, on the multi agent systems that support KM systems, and finally on the gradual formalization of the information. PA applications may range from Internet search up to collaborative tasks. In [13] [7] a PA is used to search the Internet. Whilst the user navigates, the agent proposes new web sites analyzing the contents of the sites visited by the user. PAs are also used to improve the interface with complex systems. In [6] and [12] a PA has been used to facilitate the interaction between the a ....

M. N. Huhns and M. P. Singh. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufman Publishers Inc., 1998.

....the help of such diagrammatic notations. The method is illustrated by an example of the evolutionary multiagent ecosystem Amalthaea developed at MIT Media Lab. 1. Introduction Agent technology is widely perceived to be a viable solution for large scale industrial and commercial applications [1,2]. However, it has not been widely adopted by IT industry. It has been recognised that the lack of rigour is one of the major factors hampering the wide scale adoption of agent technology [3] Much work has been done on formal modelling of agents rational behaviour by logic systems and game ....

Huhns, M., Singh, M.P. (eds.): Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1997)

....a symmetric protocol. The current implementation of the JGram framework uses the Cryptix cryptographic libraries [2] but we are in the process of upgrading the JGram security components to use the cryptographic extensions provided by Java2. 4: Related Work Multi agent systems are reviewed in [7, 8, 18]. Most multi agent systems still employ socketbased communications with text messages in agent languages such as FIPA [5] or KQML [4] This allows large communities of interoperable agents to be built, but complicates the task of building systems like ARGUS, where images and complex data ....

M. Huhns and M. Singh. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, 1997.

....methods are generally more quantitative than qualitative, which could be another limitation. Finally, most of the mechanisms used for the negotiation and cooperation between agents are issued from pragmatic methods and generally are studied in the field of multi agent systems (MAS s) 7] [23] [26] 32] For these reasons, we think that the appropriate way to simulate interacting entities consists of using simulation techniques and MAS methodologies. Multi agent systems deal with coordinating intelligent behavior among a collection of autonomous agents. Emphasis is placed on how ....

M. N. Hunhs and M. P. Singh (Eds.), Reading in Agents. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1998.

.... [5] 3] The Coordination mechanism establishes the action sequence and execution according to the agents individual goals and the common goal of the CIS [14] 4] Finally, at the high level we have a Cooperation which is a result of the mechanisms that support interactions among the agents [13] [11]. We understand for Cooperation the agent s behavior for a coordinate interaction and information exchange, to achieve a common goal. In figure 1 we can observe a general cooperation situation between two agents and the relation with our propose framework. Here we represent the communication layer ....

Huhns M., and M.P. Singh, "Readings in Agents", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, 1998.

.... in the multiagent systems field, and although some of the papers it contains are now rather dated, it remains essential reading [4] Huhns and Singh s more recent collection sets itself the ambitious goal of providing a survey of the whole of the agent field, and succeeds in this respect very well [22]. For a general introduction to the theory and practice of intelligent agents, see Wooldridge and Jennings [58] which focuses primarily on the theory of agents, but also contains an extensive review of agent architectures and programming languages. For a collection of articles on the applications ....

M. Huhns and M. P. Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers: San Mateo, CA, 1998.

....all categories of end users. They help users in different ways, e.g. by hiding the complexity of difficult tasks, performing some tasks on behalf of their users, teaching end users, monitor events and procedures of interests to their users, helping the users collaborate and cooperate, and the like [26], 42] Agents have the ability to identify, search, and collect resources on the Internet, to optimize the use of resources, and to perform independently and rapidly under changing conditions. However, the user doesn t necessarily listen to what the agent says . Intelligent agents are modeled ....

.... (PDAs) with limited bandwidth, information gathering on the Internet, interface technology, network monitoring and control, air traffic control, business process management, industrial systems management, distributed sensing, space shuttle fault diagnosis, factory process control, and many more [26], 62] The following systems and applications are just a few recent examples that illustrate some characteristic application domains. DBMS aglets. DBMS aglets are the core of a new framework for Web based distributed access to database systems based on Java based mobile agents [50] The ....

M. Huhns and M. Singh, eds., Readings in Agents, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1998.

....concurrently executable sets of actions leads to the best state (encoded via an objective function) something these works do not do. There is also extensive work on software agents which are closely related to our work. For an excellent anthology of classic works on agent systems, see [14]. The idea that agents operate on states goes back to Rosenschein[17] However, there are some major differences in our framework, based on the distinction between masters and players . In our framework, at any given point in time, a DIS application has a global state, as well as a local ....

....a DIS application has a global state, as well as a local state for each player which may or may not be consistent with the global state, and which is likely to be incomplete. To our knowledge, this dichotomy has not been studied in great detail in any of the papers in the Huhns Singh anthology [14]. Specifically, we have developed techniques to evaluate the so called generalized constraints which are nothing more than queries to heterogeneous data sources. Specifically, we have presented three algorithms A0 Naive, A0 V, and A0 C, together with several variants of these algorithms for ....

M. Huhns and M. Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann Press, 1997. 32

....by adding space, time and mobility, besides de ning deeply states. In section 7 we discuss more practical issues with respect to global environments borrowing some key words from philosophy. Finally, section 8 concludes the article. 5 2 Agents The term agent has been used by both the AI[35] and distributed systems (DS) communities with di erent meanings and at di erent levels[23] In addition, the term agent in English has almost the same spelling and meaning as the term agente in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, and agent in French. In these languages, agent or agente can normally ....

M. N. Huhns and M. P. Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, California, 1997.

....co and con , each of these terms begins with co . We refer to them collectively (including nominal, verbal, and adjectival forms) as Co X, and from this point capitalize them. capitalize them. There are fashions in the world of agent vocabulary. A sample of papers in the field (based on [4, 14] and the papers and posters presented at ICMAS95 00 and Agents97, 98, 00, and 01) shows that from 1981 through 1993, Cooperate 1 formed two thirds (8 12) of the Co X terms occurring in titles. Coordinate accounted for three of the remaining four, and a lone instance of Coherent made up the ....

M. N. Huhns and M. P. Singh, Editors. Readings in Agents. San Francisco, CA, Morgan Kaufmann, 1998.

....the part of selfish agents. 1 Introduction With the burgeoning of agent based electronic commerce, recommender systems, personal assistant agents, etc. it is becoming increasingly clear that agent systems must interact with a variety of information sources in an open, heterogeneous environment [5, 6, 7, 11]. One of the key factors for successful ABSs of the future would be the capability to interact with other ABSs and humans in different role contexts and over extended periods of time. The ABSs of the future will be situated in a social context, playing a variety of roles in different relationships ....

M. N. Huhns and M. P. Singh. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1997.

....for pictures is a browsing process, rather than a static event, the need for dynamic evaluation models must be addressed. Measures such as precision and recall must be extended to reflect the utility of a given session, rather than a single query. Finally, the design of a multi agent system [10] that is capable of accessing information from various sites is being explored. The highlight is a selflearning user agent. Information which is unique to the user, and that may assist in indexing and retrieval will be housed in this agent. This includes for example, sample images of the user s ....

Michael Huhns and Munindar Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, 1998.

....of York, York YO10 5DD Phone: 1904 432707, Fax: 1904 432767 Email: fea,kudenkog minster.cs.york.ac. uk Abstract: It is widely recognised in the agent community that one of the more important features of high level agents is their capability to adapt and learn in dynamic, uncertain domains [11, 28]. A lot of work has been recently produced on this topic, particularly in the field of learning in multi agent systems [1, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41] It is, however, worth noticing that whereas some kind of logic is used to specify the (multi )agents architecture, mainly non relational learning ....

....situations an agent could encounter and specify the agent behaviour in advance. This is especially true for multi agent environments. Therefore it is widely recognised in the agent community that one of the more important features of high level agents is their capability to adapt and learn [11, 28]. A lot of work has been recently produced on this topic, particularly in the field of learning in Multi Agent Systems (MAS) 1, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41] It is, however, worth noticing that whereas in some cases logic is used to specify the (multi )agent architecture in order to incorporate domain ....

M.N. Huhns and M.P. Singh (Eds.). Readings in agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1998.

....advance. This is especially true for multi agent environments, where agents with different (and even opposite) goals and intentions interact. Therefore it is widely recognised in the agent community that one of the more important features of high level agents is their capability to adapt and learn [17, 35]. A lot of work has been recently produced on this topic, particularly in the field of Multi Agent Learning (MAL) 36, 37, 38, 44, 45] In MAS scenarios, agents do not learn only to improve their individual skills, but to cooperate and to compete. That is, the agents learn how to get coordinated. ....

M.N. Huhns and M.P. Singh (Eds.). Readings in agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1998.

.... in the multiagent systems field, and although some of the papers it contains are now rather dated, it remains essential reading [5] Huhns and Singh s more recent collection sets itself the ambitious goal of providing a survey of the whole of the agent field, and succeeds in this respect very well [34]. For a general introduction to the theory and practice of intelligent agents, see Wooldridge and Jennings [75] which focuses primarily on the theory of agents, but also contains an extensive review of agent architectures and programming languages. For a collection of articles on the applications ....

M. Huhns and M. P. Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers: San Mateo, CA, 1998.

....to be done to explore the relationships among moods, experience, emotions and personality. Finally, we note that in many applications an agent rarely acts by itself; rather, it is often a member of a group of agents that interact with each other to accomplish various tasks (e.g. software agents) (Huhns and Singh 1998). To simulate a group of agents that interact with each other, we would have to extend FLAME to incorporate some of the social agents concepts. FLAME was designed to model the interaction between one agent and a user. For an agent to interact with other agents, the architecture will have to be ....

M. Huhns and M. P. Singh. Eds. (1998). Reading In Agents. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., CA.

.... agents are entities that have a state and that autonomously (and hopefully intelligently) react to changes in the state, has taken rm root (Rosenschein and Zlotkin 1994; Shoham 1993) Important aspects of how to build agents and reason about them logically have been studied by many researchers (Huhns and Singh 1997) provides an excellent overview. In (Eiter, Subrahmanian, and Pick 1999) the authors proposed a formal 52 methodology for building agents on top of heterogeneous data structures and or legacy software. In the formalism proposed in (Eiter, Subrahmanian, and Pick 1999) instant t, the state of ....

Huhns, M. and M. Singh (1997). Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann.

....the part of selfish agents. 1 Introduction With the burgeoning of agent based electronic commerce, recommender systems, personal assistant agents, etc. it is becoming increasingly clear that agent systems must interact with a variety of information sources in an open, heterogeneous environment [5, 6, 7, 11]. One of the key factors for successful ABSs of the future would be the capability to interact with other ABSs and humans in different role contexts and over extended periods of time. The ABSs of the future will be situated in a social context, playing a variety of roles in different relationships ....

M. N. Huhns and M. P. Singh. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1997.

....set of rst order sentences, I , the integrity constraints, that must be satis ed by any sets of abducibles expanding the theory. Earlier work [11, 16] shows promise in using abductive logic programming to understand and implement active databases (e.g. see [17] and intelligent agents (e.g. see [7]) In particular, beliefs and desires of agents as conceptualised in the BDI architectures [15] can be understood as logic programs and integrity constraints, respectively. In general, many) active rules in active databases and rules determining the reactive behaviour of agents in multi agent ....

Huhns, M.N.; Singh M.P. (eds); 1997. Readings in Agents, Morgan Kaufman.

....negotiation. 1 Introduction Todays information technology systems face a great demand for managing complex distributed business processes. Recent research and development has proven distributed communication based systems to be suitable for tackling this demand. The notion of intelligent agents [7, 8] adds arti cial intelligence techniques to distributed systems and entails a better understanding of how to solve common problems collaboratively. Reaching consensus is a major task in such settings of autonomous intelligent agents pursuing a common goal. The big strength of intelligent agents ....

M. N. Huhns and M. P. Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1998.

....how they communicate, and how collaborations between groups of agents can be established and controlled. Most people have an informal sense of what agents are intelligent pieces of software that operate somewhat autonomously to represent a user s interests. There are many books about agents (Huhns Singh, 1998; Jennings Wooldridge, 1998; Bradshaw, 1997) as well as numerous papers, and web sites. There are over 100 published agent systems, each providing and emphasizing different combinations of features and implementations. The major categories of agents include personal agents which interact ....

Huhns, M. N. and Singh, M. P. (1998), Readings in Agents, Morgan-Kaufman.

.... [2] The evolution in AI from logic and search to agent oriented models is not a tactical change, but a strategic paradigm shift to more expressive interactive models [31] IS modeling based on actors have extended to different related paradigms like mobile agents and collaborative agents [37, 12]. While the actor and agent paradigms provide an intuitive way of modeling a dynamic system; they are what might be termed entity centric in nature. That is, domain entities or actors form the building blocks of the model, and the system dynamics are represented on top of the actors. This would ....

Michael N. Huhns, Munindar P. Singh, Les Gasser (Eds.). Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1998.

....on the university course administration domain. Other information processing domains should be investigated to see if they have additional requirements that are not currently catered for. 6. Related work Various distributed information retrieval projects are discussed in references [15] and [16]. There are a number of planners designed to plan for gathering information from large dynamic networks of information sources ( 17 20] but none of these are designed with information processing tasks specifically in mind. XII [17] is a general purpose planner extended to describe actions ....

M. H. Huhns and M. P. Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, 1998.

....The second aspect is the control of the process execution itself. Since most real world processes are distributed spatially and among individuals, the coordination and interaction between the execution entities is a question of substance to process management. The notion of an intelligent agent [11] is a recent concept that tries to incorporate the merits of sophisticated planning scheduling control methods with strong communication and interaction capabilities. Applications of intelligent agents in production planning, scheduling and control are various (refer e.g. to [3, 18] and to [16] ....

M. N. Huhns and M. P. Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1998.

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Huhns, Michael N. and Singh, Munindar P., editors; 1997. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco.

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M.N. Huhns and M.P. Singh, editors. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 1998.

....Agents can be thought of as active objects with some special properties tailored to open environments. For our purposes, the key aspects of agents are their autonomy and abilities to perceive, reason, and act in their environments, as well as to socially interact and communicate with other agents [7]. When agents interact with one another they form a multiagent system. As part of a multiagent system, agents can capture and apply the semantic constraints among heterogeneous components in order to enact distributed workflows. 62 March 1999 Vol. 42, No. 3 COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM At first ....

Huhns, M.N. and Singh, M.P., Eds. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 1998.

....an instance of the column Agents on the Web in IEEE Internet Computing, volume 1, number 5, pages 78 79, September October 1997. 1 Introduction For reasons that are well known, computational agents are drawing a lot of attention from researchers and practitioners [Jennings Wooldridge, 1997; Huhns Singh, 1998] Each project or result inevitably includes implicitly or explicitly a definition of an agent. Definitions are important, because they enable people to communicate and understand each other. Precise definitions are even better, because they enable researchers to compare systems and evaluate ....

Huhns, Michael N. and Singh, Munindar P., editors; 1998. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco.

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Huhns, M.N., Singh, M.P., Les Gasser (eds.). Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers (1998).

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Huhns, M.N. and Singh, M.P. (1998) (Eds.), Readings in Agents Morgan Kaufman Publishers, San Francisco.

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Huhns, M N, and Singh, M P (editors) 1998. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kauffman: San Francisco, California.

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Huhns, M. N., and Singh, M. P. Readings in Agents. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, Calif., 1998.

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