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E. Leonardi, F. Neri, M. Gerla et al., "Congestion control in asynchronous, high-speed wormhole routing networks," IEEE Communication Magazine, Nov. 1996.

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Prevention of Deadlocks and Livelocks in Lossless.. - Karol, Golestani, Lee (2000)   (4 citations)  (Correct)

....near the root of the spanning tree become bottlenecks, limiting the network throughput. Another way to avoid cycles in the network (which can lead to deadlocks) is to split each physical link into a number of virtual channels, each with its own queue and stop start backpressure protocol [13] [14]. Bandwidth is shared among the virtual channels. Layers of acyclic virtual networks and deadlock free routes are created using the virtual channels. However, as the number of virtual channels increases, the scheduling becomes more complicated. Also, a method of associating individual packets with ....

E. Leonardi et al., "Congestion Control in Asynchronous, High-Speed Wormhole Routing Networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., pp. 58-69, Nov. 1996.


Performance of Congestion Control Mechanisms - In Wormhole Routing (1997)   Self-citation (Leonardi Neri)   (Correct)

....be transmitted it is buffered while waiting for the output port to become available. This reduces message loss but basically leads to the same type of congestion encountered in store and forward networks [2, 6] A second approach consists in using a hop by hop backpressure flow control mechanism [7]. When the desired output port is unavailable, a message is blocked; a STOP signal is propagated upstream. This prevents the risk of buffer overflow but causes a lock up of network resources (i.e. buffers and switch ports) Under high load conditions, second and third order blockings and ....

....is propagated upstream. This prevents the risk of buffer overflow but causes a lock up of network resources (i.e. buffers and switch ports) Under high load conditions, second and third order blockings and ultimately deadlocks occur. A third approach is to use a deflection routing mechanism [7]. With such a mechanism, a message which finds the preferred output port busy is deflected to another port. Thus, messages may travel on longer paths and consequently suffer longer delays, but will not be lost due to buffer overflow. Most importantly, network resources are not locked up. An ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

E. Leonardi, F. Neri, M. Gerla et al., "Congestion control in asynchronous, high-speed wormhole routing networks," IEEE Communication Magazine, Nov. 1996.


Routing in the Bidirectional Shufflenet - Gerla, Leonardi, Neri (2001)   Self-citation (Gerla Leonardi Neri Palnati)   (Correct)

....are based on very simple network protocols and therefore are prone to congestion. Congestion is a crucial problem at very high speeds, where large amounts of information can be lost when network resources become unavailable. To prevent congestion some form of flow control must be introduced [8]. A flow control scheme common in wormhole LANs is backpressure flow control. Backpressure is an explicit node to node flow control mechanism that requires the bidirectionality of network links. A fixed size buffer, called slack buffer, is associated with each receiver in the nodes. STOP and GO ....

M. Gerla, E. Leonardi, F. Neri, and P. Palnati, "Congestion control in asynchronous, high-speed wormhole routing networks," IEEE Commun. Mag., no. 34, pp. 58--69, Nov. 1996.


Performance of Congestion Control Mechanisms in Wormhole Routing.. - Roche (1987)   Self-citation (Leonardi Neri Gerla)   (Correct)

....be transmitted it is buffered while waiting for the output port to become available. This reduces message loss but basically leads to the same type of congestion encountered in store and forward networks [2, 6] A second approach consists in using a hop by hop backpressure flow control mechanism [7]. When the desired output port is unavailable, a message is blocked; a stop signal is propagated upstream. This prevents the risk of buffer overflow but causes a lock up of network resources (i.e. buffers and switch ports) Under high load conditions, second and third order blockings and ....

....is propagated upstream. This prevents the risk of buffer overflow but causes a lock up of network resources (i.e. buffers and switch ports) Under high load conditions, second and third order blockings and ultimately deadlocks occur. A third approach is to use a deflection routing mechanism [7]. With such a mechanism, a message which finds the preferred output port busy is deflected to another port. Thus, messages may travel on longer paths and consequently suffer longer delays, but will not be lost due to buffer overflow. Most importantly, network resources are not locked up. An ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

E. Leonardi, F. Neri, M. Gerla et al., "Congestion control in asynchronous, high-speed wormhole routing networks," IEEE Communication Magazine, Nov. 1996.

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