N. M. Thalmann, N.E. Primeau, and D. Thalmann. Abstract muscle actions procedures for human face animation. In Visual Computer. 1988. 3(5):290-297.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....comprises several subcategories. Geometric manipulations include key framing and geometric interpolations [33, 86, 91] parameterizations [21, 88, 89, 90] finite element methods [6, 44, 102] muscle based modeling [70, 96, 101, 106, 107, 110, 122, 131] visual simulation using pseudo muscles [50, 71], spline models [79, 80, 125, 126, 127] and free form deformations [24, 50] Image manipulations include image morphing between 2 photographic images [10] texture manipulations [82] image blending [103] and vascular expressions [49] At the preprocessing stage, a person specific individual ....

....wrinkles in the skin. Furthermore, since RFFD (FFD, EFFD) is based upon surface deformation, volumetric changes occurring in the physical muscle is not accounted for. 8 In [50] facial animation is driven by a procedure called an Abstract Muscle Action (AMA) reported by Magnenat Thalmann et al. [71]. These AMA procedures are similar to the action units of FACS and work on specific regions of the face. Each AMA procedure represents the behavior of a single or a group of related muscles. Facial expressions are formed by group of AMA procedures. When applied to form facial expression, the ....

N. Magnenat-Thalmann, N. E. Primeau, D. Thalmann, Abstract muscle actions procedures for human face animation. Visual Computer, 1988, vol. 3(5), pp. 290--297

....The first parameterised facial model was developed by Parke [8] Since then, models that simulate muscle movements have been developed by Platt [9] and Waters [13] In order to animate these models, parameterisation schemes have been used to quantify facial expressions. Magnenat Thalmann et al. [7] developed an abstract muscle action model (AMA) for describing facial expressions, building on the seminal work of Ekman and colleagues [6] More recently, MPEG have defined facial definition and animation parameters as part of the MPEG 4 standard. For the actual animation of expressions, actor ....

N. Mangenat-Thalmann, N.E. Primeau, and D. Thalmann. Abstract Muscle Action Procedures for Human Face Animation. Visual Computer, 3(5):290--297, 1988.

....naturally produced the bulging and bagging which occurs when actions are applied to the face. However, computational and descriptive complexity prevent this scheme from becoming more generally useful. A muscle based scheme for animation control has also been implemented by Magnenat Thalmann et al. [MAG87a]. Their scheme creates procedural definitions of the functions of abstract muscles on abstract faces. It is readily mappable to alternate data sets, such as those emulating the faces of Marilyn Monroe and Humphrey Bogart [MAG87b] A third muscle based animation scheme is described by Waters ....

N. Magnenat-Thalmann, E. Primeau, and D. Thalmann, "Abstract Muscle Action Procedures for Human Face Animation", Visual Computer 3:151. 1987.

....on implicit surfaces was also developped to take in account lip contact. 1 Introduction Over the last score years, many researchers attempted to control the animation of synthetic faces so that they could speak with more or less natural lip gestures ( BQ83] LP87] STHN90] PBS91] PWWH86] MTET88] MAH90] CM93] However, the models used ( Par82] Par91] PB81] NHS88] were not primarily designed to account for the natural gestures of human lips speaking. As an example, Cohen and Massaro [CM90] had to introduce several extra parameters to that first identified by Parke [Par82] in order ....

N. Magnenat-Thalmann, Primeau E., and D. Thalmann. Abstract muscle action procedures for human face animation. Visual Computer, 3:290--297, 1988.

.... the method is that the polygonal mesh is designed according to the topology of the face, and then optimized (few polygons for a good definition of the shape) Tony de Peltrie from the University of Montreal [41] Marilyn Monroe and Humphrey Bogart from Daniel Thalmann and Nadia Magnenat Thalmann [87] were created with this method. CT (Computer Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are usually used in the field of medicine. These methods can capture not only the facial surface, but also inner structure such as bones or muscles. These additional structures will be useful for more ....

....7.2. 3 Muscle Based Muscle based models, or abstract muscle models, mimic at a simple level the action of three primary muscle groups of the face: 1) the linear, such as the zygomatic major, 2) the sphincter, such as the obicularis oculi, and (3) the sheet, such as the frontalis major [144, 145, 87, 106]. This approach has also been extended to B spline surfaces [141, 143] There are two distinct advantages for these models: they are independent of particular facial geometry and they map directly into muscle based coding systems. 7.2.4 Physically Based Physically based models attempt to model ....

N. Magnenat-Thalmann, N.E. Primeau, and D. Thalmann. Abstract muscle actions procedures for human face animation. Visual Computer, 3(5):290--297, 1988.

....controlled to take on the feature postures which represent the various facial expressions. This control is usually in terms of a set of facial parameters. These parameters may mimic the anatomical actions of the facial muscles [25] or may directly manipulate feature postures using pseudo muscle [12] or ad hoc parameterizations [16] The control parameterizations used for these facial models do not usually correspond directly to the emotional state of the character. Multiple facial parameters contribute to the visual expressions associated with each emotional or physical state. A mapping is ....

N. Magnenat Thalmann, N. Primeau, and D. Thalmann. Abstract muscle action procedures for human face animation. Visual Computer, 3(5):290--297, 1988.

....increase speech intelligibility; they might even decrease it. Most of the existing parametric models of the human face have been developed in the perspective of optimizing the visual rendering of facial expressions (Parke, 1974; Platt Badler, 1981; Bergeron Lachapelle, 1985; Waters, 1987; Magnenat Thalmann, Primeau, et al. 1988; Viaud Yahia, 1992) Few models have focused on the specific articulation of speech gestures: Saintourens, Tramus, et al. 1990) Benoit, Lallouache, et al. 1992) Henton and Litwinovitz (1994) prestored a limited set of facial images occurring in the natural production of speech in order to ....

Magnenat-Thalmann, N., Primeau, E., and Thalmann, D. (1988). Abstract muscle action procedures for human face animation. Visual Computer, 3:290--297.

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Magnenat-Thalmann N, Primeau E, Thalmann D (1988), "Abstract Muscle Action Procedures for Human Face Animation," The Visual Computer, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 290-297.

....A digitizing system is used to register the position of certain points on the face which are organized in a matrix. The matrix is used as a set of control points for a 5dimensional bicubic B spline surface. The motion of face is obtained by moving these control points. Magnenat Thalmann et al. [ 7 ] have provided an alternative approach to simulate a muscle action by using a procedure called an Abstract Muscle Action (AMA) procedure. Each AMA has an associated procedure with a set of parameters which can be used to control the motion of vertices composing the face. By combining the facial ....

....] In their approach, the desired speech is spoken and recorded, the recording is then sampled and analyzed to produce a timed sequence of pauses and phonemes. Hill et al. 14 ] have introduced an automatic approach to animate speech using speech synthesized by rules. Magnenat Thalmann et al. [7] have used lip synchronization based on AMA procedures. A collection of multiple tracks is used, where each track is a chronological sequence of keyframes for a given facial parameter. Tracks are independent but can be mixed in the same way as sound is mixed in a sound studio. This approach was ....

. Magnenat-Thalmann N, Primeau E, Thalmann D (1988), Abstract Muscle Action Procedures for Human Face Animation, The Visual Computer, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 290-297.

....topology of the face. The muscle actions themselves are tested against FACS (Facial Action Coding System) which employs action units directly to one muscle or a small group of muscles. Two types of muscles are created: linear parallel muscles that pull and sphincter muscles that squeeze. Magnenat Thalmann et al. 1988) defined a model where the action of a muscle is simulated by a procedure, called an Abstract Muscle Action procedure (AMA) which acts on the vertices composing the human face figure. It is possible to animate a human face by manipulating the facial parameters using AMA procedures. By combining ....

....by rules; the extra parameters needed to control lips, jaw and facial expression are simply added into the table of parameters needed to control the speech itself. Lewis and Parke (1987) automate the lip synchronization between computer generated imagery and real speech recorded from a real actor. Magnenat Thalmann et al. 1988) describe a lip synchronization based on AMA procedures. Previous works on facial animation (Pearce et al. 1986) propose methods where synchronization is manual (e.g. do action from frame x to y ) However, the parametrization of an emotion is hard to control because once defined it is always ....

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Magnenat-Thalmann N, Primeau E, Thalmann D (1988), Abstract Muscle Action Procedures for Human Face Animation, The Visual Computer, Vol.3, No.5 Nahas M, Huitric H and Saintourens M (1988) Animation of a B-spline Figure, The Visual Computer, Vol.3, No.5.

....a method based on B splines. A digitizing system is used to register the position of certain facial points which are organized in a matrix. The matrix is used as a set of control points for a 5 dimensional bicubic B spline surface. Motion of the face is obtained by moving these control points. Magnenat Thalmann et al. 1988) provided another approach to simulate a muscle action by using a procedure called an Abstract Muscle Action (AMA) procedure. Each AMA has an associated procedure with a set of parameters which can be used to control the motion of vertices composing the face. By combining the facial parameters ....

Magnenat-Thalmann N, Primeau E, Thalmann D (1988), Abstract Muscle Action Procedures for Human Face Animation, The Visual Computer, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 290-297.

No context found.

Magnenat-Thalmann N, Primeau E, Thalmann D (1988), Abstract Muscle Action Procedures for Human Face Animation, The Visual Computer, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 290-297.

No context found.

N. M. Thalmann, N.E. Primeau, and D. Thalmann. Abstract muscle actions procedures for human face animation. In Visual Computer. 1988. 3(5):290-297.

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