K. Jack. Video Demystified -- A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. HighText Publications Inc., Solana Beach,CA, 1993.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....in HSV space According to the study of the color of surface, the color perceived is not purely the color itself. It depends on the light source, shadow of the other object, reflection of the surface, etc. One of the popular model which extracts the information of color from others is the HSV model([13]) It represent a color as H(ue) S(aturation) V(alue) instead of RGB. Hue is the pure color intrinsic to the color. Saturation is the variable that describes how much a pure color is diluted with white. Value is the relative brightness which helps us distinguish a light color from a dark one. In ....

....the other hand, since the blimp system can be viewed as a low pass filter, the global trajectory of the blimp itself is still smooth, see Fig. 21. 5. 2 Experiment In implementing the experimental blimp system, we take advantage of the color camera by segmenting the images in the HSV color space [13]. We have found that even in different light conditions, the color of an object with an almost homogeneous surface tends to cluster in RGB or HSV space. Further more, when projected to the HV plane, the distributions are statistically normal. This leads to an efficient way to segment the target ....

K. Jack. Video Demystified -- A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. HighText Publications Inc., Solana Beach,CA, 1993.

.... of features such as random access, fast forward, or fast and normal reverse playback [11] image color space used in the MPEG1 is the YC r C b space, in which Y represents the luminance component and C r and C b represent the chrominance components, or the color di#erence components [6, 72, 8]. For an original video frame, each spatial position (pixel) is represented by a Y component, a C r component and aC b component. Thus, a video frame consists of 3 images of the same size, each of which corresponds to the Y, the C r or the C b component. This is known as the 4:4:4 format [8, 72] ....

....[6, 72, 8] For an original video frame, each spatial position (pixel) is represented by a Y component, a C r component and aC b component. Thus, a video frame consists of 3 images of the same size, each of which corresponds to the Y, the C r or the C b component. This is known as the 4:4:4 format [8, 72]. Observations have shown that the human visual system (HVS) is less sensitive to chrominance signals than to luminance signals. In MPEG1, the chrominance components are subsampled with respect to the luminance component by half in both vertical and horizontal directions, known as the 4:2:0 ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Jack, Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. California: HighText Publications, Inc., 1993.

....frame grabbing. The position and intrinsic camera parameters were not computed. Video output is generated by merging the analog video signal from one of the cameras with the output of the graphics subsystem. This merging operation is performed in hardware using a Celect Translator luminance keyer [47]. Operation of the system involves four steps: 1) alignment of the graphics frame buffer with the digitizer frame buffer, 2) initialization of the affine basis, 3) virtual object placement, and (4) affine basis tracking and projection update. Alignment of the graphics and digitizer frame ....

K. Jack, Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. HighText Publications Inc., 1993.

.... of pictures (GOP) The first picture in a GOP must be an I picture (a GOP can contain one or more I pictures) The image color space used in the MPEG1 is the YC r C b space, in which Y represents the luminance component and C r and C b represent the chrominance components, or the color di#erence [12]. The chrominance components are subsampled with respect to the luminance component by half in both vertical and horizontal directions. A video frame consists of nonoverlapping blocks of pixels, known as macro blocks, each of which contains 16x16 pixels of the luminance image, 8x8 pixels of the C ....

....PEs. We will compare the results of both schemes. 5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The video sequence used in our experimentation is a CCIR 601 (704x480 pixels) test sequence, known as the football sequence. The original sequence has 150 frames, subsampled to the 4:1:1 format in the YUV color space [12]. We extended the sequence to more than 10,000 frames by repeating the original sequence. The video sequence was grouped into sections (GOPs) each of which contained 12 frames to be compressed and a reference frame. A frame pattern of IBBPBBIBBPBB was used. In each of our experiments, each group ....

K. Jack, Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. California: HighText Publications, Inc., 1993.

.... that can be represented as a series of computation kernels operating on data streams [9] For example, consider the kernel in Figure 1 (pseudocode is provided in Figure 4) which converts pixels from the RGB color space to the YUV color space, as might be done as part of a video coding application [4]. This kernel consumes a single input stream of pixels in RGB, performs a set of identical calculations in parallel across a set of SIMD processing elements, and produces a single output stream of converted YUV pixels. In the stream programming model, applications are composed of a series of such ....

JACK, KEITH. Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer, LLH Technology Publishing: Eagle Rock, Virginia, 1996.

....using Kanade s multibaseline stereo algorithm [KKK95] The depth map encodes the distance from one of the cameras, designated as the reference, to each pixel in the scene. MPEG2 Encoding. MPEG takes three frames of 360x288 24 bit color video and compresses them into an MPEG2 compliant bit stream [Jac96]. An MPEG encoder can encode sequence of images into a single bit stream consisting of three types of frames: intracoded (I) predicted (P) and bidirectional (B) The three types of frames differ in which images are used to compress them. I frames are compressed using only information contained ....

....memory or network transfer operations initiate long transfers with little control overhead that can be optimized for bandwidth. 4.1. 2 MPEG2 I frame Encoding To illustrate the stream programming model, consider the stream program for the intracoded frame (I frame) encoder of an MPEG2 encoder [Jac96]. An MPEG2 encoder takes a video sequence as input and compresses the sequence of images into a single bit stream consisting of three types of frames: intracoded (I) predicted (P) and bidirectional (B) I frames are compressed using only information contained in the current frame. Pframes are ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Keith Jack. Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer, LLH Technology Publishing: Eagle Rock, Virginia, 1996.

....the scanning rate for color signals is 29.97 frames s. Each frame consists of a total of 525 lines, 480 of which contain actual information. The resulting analog signal is decomposed into its red (R) green (G) and blue (B) color components. The RGB components are transformed into the YIQ [17, 18] color space by means of the following transformation: # # # # # # # Y # I # Q # # # # # # # # = # # # # # # # 0.299 0.587 0.114 0.596 0.275 0.321 0.212 0.523 0.311 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # R # G # B # # # # # # # # where R # ,G ....

K. Jack, Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. Brooktree, 1993.

.... the implementation of features such as random access, fast forward, or fast and normal reverse playback [2] The image color space used in the MPEG1 is the YC r C b space, in which Y represents the luminance component and C r and C b represent the chrominance components, or the color difference [13]. The pictures are subsampled to the 4:1:1 format, i.e. the chrominance components are subsampled with respect to the luminance component by half in both vertical and horizontal directions [13] A video frame is divided into non overlapping blocks of pixels, known as macro blocks, each of which ....

.... the luminance component and C r and C b represent the chrominance components, or the color difference [13] The pictures are subsampled to the 4:1:1 format, i.e. the chrominance components are subsampled with respect to the luminance component by half in both vertical and horizontal directions [13]. A video frame is divided into non overlapping blocks of pixels, known as macro blocks, each of which contains 16x16 pixels of the luminance image, 8x8 pixels of the C r chrominance image and 8x8 pixels of the C b chrominance image. An 8x8 pixel array is known as a block. Hence a macro block ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Jack, Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. California: HighText Publications, Inc., 1993.

....objectives included less than one pixel horizontal jitter, multiple video sources, and minimal hardware. Our intent was to keep the video interface hardware simple and rely on the iWarp processor as much as possible. 4. 1 Sampling A typical line of NTSC video is roughly 63.5 microseconds long [Jack, 1993]; when the sync and blanking interval is removed, though, the useful video portion is only about 51.2 microseconds long. Thus, a 10MHz sampling rate suffices to acquire an image at 512 pixels per line. As iWarp provides direct access to the processor s local bus, a memory mapped ADC allows 10 MHz ....

Jack, K., Video demystified: A handbook for the digital engineer. 1993, Solana Beach: High Text Publications, Inc.

....the other hand, since the blimp system can be viewed as a low pass filter, the global trajectory of the blimp itself is still smooth, see Fig. 16. 4. 2 Experiment In implementing the experimental blimp system, we take advantage of the color camera by segmenting the images in the HSV color space [12]. We have found that even in different light conditions, the color of an object with an almost homogeneous surface tends to cluster in RGB or HSV space. Further more, when projected to the HV plane, the distributions are statistically normal. This leads to an efficient way to segment the target ....

K. Jack. Video Demystified -- A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. HighText Publications Inc., Solana Beach,CA, 1993.

....in HSV space According to the study of the color of surface, the color perceived is not purely the color itself. It depends on the light source, shadow of the other object, reflection of the surface, etc. One of the popular model which extracts the information of color from others is the HSV model([13]) It represent a color as H(ue) S(aturation) V(alue) instead of RGB. Hue is the pure color intrinsic to the color. Saturation is the variable that describes how much a pure color is diluted with white. Value is the relative brightness which helps us distinguish a light color from a dark one. In ....

....the other hand, since the blimp system can be viewed as a low pass filter, the global trajectory of the blimp itself is still smooth, see Fig. 21. 5. 2 Experiment In implementing the experimental blimp system, we take advantage of the color camera by segmenting the images in the HSV color space [13]. We have found that even in different light conditions, the color of an object with an almost homogeneous surface tends to cluster in RGB or HSV space. Further more, when projected to the HV plane, the distributions are statistically normal. This leads to an efficient way to segment the target ....

K. Jack. Video Demystified -- A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. HighText Publications Inc., Solana Beach,CA, 1993.

....sequence at an acceptable visual quality level. An NTSC digital video sequence which conforms to the ITUR (CCIR) Recommendation 601 (720 486 pixels per luminance frame, 4:2:2 chrominance subsampling, 8 bits per pixel per color) has an uncompressed data rate of 168 mega bits per second (Mbps) [4, 13, 25]. A typical 2 hour movie would occupy approximately 150 gigabytes of disk space. This data rate would easily overwhelm most communication channels or storage systems. One immediately sees the need for compression. Many compression standards, such as ITU T (CCITT) Recommendation H.261, ISO ....

....While a GOP can contain one or more I pictures, the first picture in a GOP must be an I picture. The image color space used in the MPEG1 is the YC r C b space, in which Y represents the luminance component and C r and C b represent the chrominance components, or the color di#erence components [11, 13, 20]. For an original video frame, each spatial position (pixel) is represented by a Y component, a C r component and a C b component. Thus, a video frame consists of 3 images of the same size, each of which corresponds to the Y, the C r or the C b component. This is known as the 4:4:4 format [20] In ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Jack. Video demystified: a handbook for the digital engineer. HighText Publications, Inc., California, 1993.

.... the implementation of features such as random access, fast forward, or fast and normal reverse playback [2] The image color space used in the MPEG1 is the YC r C b space, in which Y represents the luminance component and C r and C b represent the chrominance components, or the color di#erence [13]. The pictures are subsampled to the 4:1:1 format, i.e. the chrominance components are subsampled with respect to the luminance component by half in both vertical and horizontal directions [13] A video frame is divided into non overlapping blocks of pixels, known as macro blocks, each of which ....

.... the luminance component and C r and C b represent the chrominance components, or the color di#erence [13] The pictures are subsampled to the 4:1:1 format, i.e. the chrominance components are subsampled with respect to the luminance component by half in both vertical and horizontal directions [13]. A video frame is divided into non overlapping blocks of pixels, known as macro blocks, each of which contains 16x16 pixels of the luminance image, 8x8 pixels of the C r chrominance image and 8x8 pixels of the C b chrominance image. An 8x8 pixel array is known as a block. Hence a macro block ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Jack, Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. California: HighText Publications, Inc., 1993.

....0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 (d) Time(s) y (m) 0 10 20 30 0.1 0.05 0 (e) Time(s) 0 10 20 30 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 (f) Time(s) theta (Rad) Figure 8: Simulation result in fixed frame. 4. 2 Experiment In implementing the experimental blimp system, we take advantage of the color camera by segmenting the HSV space [10]. We have found that even in different light conditions, the color of an object with an almost homogeneous surface tends to cluster in RGB or HSV space. Further more, when projected to the HV plane, the distributions are statistically normal. This leads to an efficient way to segment the target ....

K. Jack. Video Demystified -- A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. HighText Publications Inc., Solana Beach,CA, 1993.

No context found.

K. Jack. Video Demystified: A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. HighText Publications Inc., California, 1993. 123

No context found.

K. Jack. Video Demystified: a Handbook for the Digital Engineer. Hightext Publications Inc., 1993.

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC