Lakemeyer, G. 1996. Only knowing in the situation calculus. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 14--25.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....logic. The origin of these ideas can be traced back to the original non monotonic logic of (McDermott Doyle 1980; 1982) and its later modifications e.g. in (Halpern Moses 1985) However, the bestknown such reconstruction is (Levesque 1990) extended and discussed in (Halpern Lakemeyer 1995) (Lakemeyer 1993; 1996) and (Lakemeyer Levesque 1998) For an overview of the relationships between these closely related approaches, see (Donini, Nardi, Rosati 1997) and (Rosati 2000) Chen (1997) presents an analysis relating Levesque s concept of only knowing to the method of epistemic specifications of (Gelfond ....

Lakemeyer, G. 1996. Only knowing in the situation calculus. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 14--25.

.... by a unique canonical representative from the set of actions that are observationally indistinguishable to a (with respect to the situation that a was executed in) We remark that Lakemeyer independently used this approach to give semantics to knowledge and only knowing in the situation calculus [11] (also see [12] This method of mapping situations to global states captures the implicit situation calculus assumption that the agent remembers all of the actions that have been performed (modulo observationally indistinguishability) It is also obvious that from any global state (s e ; s a ) we ....

G. Lakemeyer. Only knowing in the situation calculus. In L. Aiello, J. Doyle, and S. Shapiro, editors, Proceedings of the International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, pages 14--25. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, California, 1996.

....the closure assumption is a meta level notion. More precisely, in Levesque s original proposal (which in the following will be denoted as OL K45 ) the modality O is interpreted in terms of only believing rather than only knowing. This is due to the usage of the modal system K45. Other studies [12] have proposed a slight variation of Levesque s logic, based on the system S5, thus obtaining an interpretation of O in terms of genuine only knowing. We will call OL S5 such an S5 based version of Levesque s system. The studies investigating the relationship between only knowing and ....

....that a formula 2 LO is OL S5 valid iff : is not OL S5 satisfiable. Moreover, j= OL S5 iff oe is OL S5 valid. Informally, the interpretation of the O modality is obtained through the maximization of the set of successors of each world satisfying an O formula. As pointed out e.g. in [12], the meaning of an O formula O such that is nonmodal is intuitive, whereas it is quite complicated to understand the semantics of an O formula with nested modalities. Example 5. Suppose 2 L. Then, w; M) is a model for O iff M = fw : w j= g. Hence, the effect of prefixing with the ....

G. Lakemeyer. Only knowing in the situation calculus. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR-96), pages 14--25. Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, 1996.

....having to be told explicitly what it does not know. Furthermore, knowledge about ignorance plays an important role in guiding an agent s actions such as deciding whether it is necessary to use a sensor. Ours is certainly not the first approach combining knowledge and action (see, for example, [Moo85a, SL93, Lak96]) In fact, AOL is compatible with this line of work in that the solution to the frame problem for knowledge proposed by Scherl and Levesque [SL93] which builds on [Moo85a] becomes a logical consequence of the axioms. So far, only Lakemeyer [Lak96] has proposed an amalgamation of only knowing ....

....and action (see, for example, Moo85a, SL93, Lak96] In fact, AOL is compatible with this line of work in that the solution to the frame problem for knowledge proposed by Scherl and Levesque [SL93] which builds on [Moo85a] becomes a logical consequence of the axioms. So far, only Lakemeyer [Lak96] has proposed an amalgamation of only knowing and action in a quantified logic. However, he provides only a semantics, but no axioms. In this paper we also point to certain anomalies in his logic and demonstrate how they are avoided in AOL. Finally we provide a mapping from OL into AOL such ....

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Lakemeyer, G., Only Knowing in the Situation Calculus, Proc. of the Fifth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 1996, pp. 14--25.

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Lakemeyer, G. 1996. Only knowing in the situation calculus. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 14--25.

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G. Lakemeyer. Only Knowing in the Situation Calculus. Proc. of the International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 1996.

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