E. Akpotsui and V. Quint, `Type transformation in structured editing systems', in Electronic Publishing '92, pp. 27--41, Cambridge University Press, (1992).  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....has not been introduced. It is not clear whether their descriptions are always executable. Akpotsui and Quint proposed a method where a comparator compares the old (input) and new (output)generic structures (document class descriptions) and outputs rules for doc ument instance conversion [6]. However, we cannot tell exactly its capability to transform because an algorithm of the comparison is not shown. Cole and Brown proposed a method to change the classes of objects in structured documents during cut and paste editing [7] Although their method can be considered one type of ....

.... that SDTTs cannot describe: ffl duplication of substructures, ffl transformation of or into tree structures whose string representation is not in a context free language, for example a c (fabc,aabbcc, Delta Delta Deltag) ffl sorting, grouping, or joining, in the sense of [6],andsoon. Since we have concentrated on transformation independent of contents, the following are also undescribable: ffl contents dependent transformation of structures, ffl transformation between contents and structures, and ffl transformation of contents. We plan to extend our document ....

E. Akpotsui and V. Quint, `Type transformation in structured editing systems', in Electronic Publishing '92, pp. 27--41, Cambridge University Press, (1992).

....as a report, as an article, as a chapter of a book or as an online document. However, it is not necessary to discuss all these examples because we want to find methods for classes of differences not for all detailed differences in structures documents. There are many systems and languages [FS88, AQ92, AQR93, RA94, MKNS87, Kae87, BJB90, BJWB92, FW93, CP89, CC93, Arn93, DIS94, Ins92, Pla93, KN94] that are able to execute transformations between structured documents. These systems use many meth2 ods and techniques very often with some kinds of extensions specific for documents. They are usually ....

....transformation. Using a set of commands like described above for TransformGen, the user defines steps how the grammar can be rewritten to a new grammar and these steps define the transformation grammar which is used in document transformations. In the structured document processing system Grif [AQ92, AQR93, RA94] the structure is defined by a context free grammar using a special language. Transformations are achieved by comparing grammars to produce the transformation definition. Document transformations according to these definitions are made in static transformations using additional ....

E. Akpotsui and V. Quint. Type transformations in structured editing systems. In C. Vanoirbeek and G. Coray, editors, EP92, pages 27--41. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.

....semantics to SGML document elements, must be dealt with individually. Experience with electronic publications [7,8] developed at our institute shows that it is worthwhile not to be restricted to a fixed set of Document Type Definitions (DTDs) R6) Akpotsui and Quint argue in a similar way [9]: By evaluating users reactions to (a preliminary version of) their SGML editor they have identified the requirement that DTD alteration by the user must be feasible. Modifying DTDs must not be arduous for the user. Ideally, DTD alteration should not deviate from modification of normal documents. ....

....causes a problem if there are sections whose content is empty. For the moment it is the system administrator s responsibility to ensure that only extension operations occur to DTDs that already have instances. Shifting this responsibility to the system, however, is subject to further work (cf. [9]) 5HYTIME The next step to integrate more semantics of hypermedia objects within the storage system (R5) is to extend D STREAT towards HyTime support. In a nutshell, the HyTime standard 478 K. ABERER, K. B OHM AND C. H USER is a list of element typedefinitions. UsingHyTime terminology, these ....

E. Akpotsui and V. Quint, `Type Transformation in Structured Editing Systems', in Proceedings of Electronic Publishing, 1992 (EP92), eds., C. Vanoirbeek and G. Coray, 27--41, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, (1992).

.... to the definition of a particular class s definition (for correction of errors or in response to changes in externally imposed requirements, for example) and in conversion from one type of object to another (from itemized to enumerated list, for example) For further discussion, see [15]and[16]. A clearly specified formal description of the model underlying a document s representation provides a basis for understanding the representation s characteristics, for verifying the correctness of the representations and their use, and for comparing different representations. For further ....

Extase Akpotsui and Vincent Quint, `Type transformation in structured editing systems', in EP92: Proceedings of Electronic Publishing, 1992, eds., C. Vanoirbeek and G. Coray, 27--41, Cambridge University Press, (April 1992).

....a user has to change the generic structure definition of these documents. So far only few studies and implementations concerning these static structure transformations of documentshave been carried out. These modifications are employed in a range of documents with similar structure. In References [1,2], and [3] transformations can be considered as type transformations because they define a new form for elements of the structure for future processing of the document. In References [4,5] and [6] transformations group all the existing elements of the document in a new way and they add new ....

E. Akpotsui and V. Quint, `Type Transformation in Structured Editing Systems', in Proceedings of Electronic Publishing, 1992 (EP92), eds., C. Vanoirbeek and G. Coray, 27--41, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, (1992).

.... system for editing and formatting complex structured documents [8,5] It must be seen as a basic research prototype onto which new research experiments are developed: index, spelling corrector [17] hypertext features [18] active document applications [19] static and dynamic document conversion [20], and, what is the core of this paper, managing complex physical structures in a dynamic formatting process. As this paper focuses on formatting, the rest of the section is devoted to the formatting features of Grif in the light of the previous requirements, without describing other features of ....

E. Akpotsui and V. Quint, `Type transformation in structured editing systems', in EP92 Text processing and document manipulation, eds., C. Vanoirbeek and G. Corey, pp. 27--41, Cambridge, UK, (April 1992). Cambridge University Press.

....tools such as XGML Omnimark [16]andFastTAG[17] are available. Scrimshaw is intended to provide a tree to tree extension of these tools. Formulating document queries is clearly a manual activity only the user knows what he or she wants. However, recent work on document transformations (e.g. [8,5,6]) has focused on the automatic generation of instance document converters, when evolutionary modifications of their generic structures occur. This work is groundbreaking and intriguing but has limitations. Furuta s approach assumes that the change to the grammar be carried out under the control of ....

.... cs ] #map[ sectionList[ ss:# ] # ss ] # memo[ rt sectionList[ rs ] Figure 5. Scrimshaw program to convert reports to memos 4 TRANSFORMING REPORTS TO MEMOS VIA SCRIMSHAW In this section we do a generic structure evolution example similar to those considered by [8,5,6]. That is, we make evolutionary changes of a grammar, then wish to convert valid parse trees with respect to the old version into valid parse trees with respect to the new. It would be interesting to try this example in their systems. We think it is a conversion that would be hard to automate, ....

E. Akpotsui and V. Quint, `Type Transformation in Structured Editing Systems', in Proceedings of Electronic Publishing, 1992 (EP92), eds., C. Vanoirbeek and G. Coray, 27--41, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, (1992).

....remain the same and not to be extended or modified to accommodate the structures of the reuse components, the reuse components themselves must be structurally transformed to fit into the new generic structure. Thus, the idea of document transformation becomes a key technical issue, as pioneered by [3,4]. Amajor advantage of structured documents is that documents are not simply structured, but also the generic structural description itself is given a formal representation (e.g. Document Type Definition in SGML) The generic structure descriptions enable document transformation to be specified ....

....of them may change. In fact, such changes may accumulate to an extent that the old type is no longer appropriate and a new type definition is desirable. This is analogous to the problem of schema evolution in database design, and the issue has been discussed in document settings as well [4]. In [4] the objects of transformationare derivation trees withoutattributes. By extending them to attributed trees, we enrich the class of transformations that can be specified and computed. For instance, 8] identifies various classes of context dependent transformations. SIMON: A ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

E. Akpotsui and V. Quint, `Type Transformation in Structured Editing Systems', in Proceedings of Electronic Publishing, 1992 (EP92), eds., C. Vanoirbeek and G. Coray, 27--41, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, (1992).

....schemata for individual document types, it is implicitly assumed that document types do not change over long periods of time. If the system is based on a very generic document type, this view might actually be sufficient, but this is not sufficient for a more refined approach to document handling [5]. In our approach logical document component types of SGML correspond to classes in the database. To be capable of handling arbitrary document types and of incorporating document type changes into the system these classes are created dynamically and may in principle be modified at runtime. The ....

....is conceivable. Furthermore, in many cases WWW documents are in accordance with some implicit editorial conventions. To make this implicit structure and semantics explicit, e.g. by transforming the documents to more application specific document type definitions, is subject to current research [5]. Consider conference proceedings in HTML format available only via WWW (cf. 1] It might be necessary to transform these proceedings from HTML to proceedings conformant to a DTD in another format. A third item that may be subject to further work is overlapping information in the WWW. Different ....

E. Akpotsui and V. Quint. Type transformation in structured editing systems. In C. Vanoirbeek and G. Coray, editors, Proceedings of Conference on Electronic Publishing, pages 27--42. Cambridge University Press, 1992. Lausanne, Switzerland.

.... on document models such as those involved in the well accepted standards SGML [11] or ODA [10] and the benefits of these models have been largely demonstrated [2] Current research in this area is mainly devoted to formal modelling (for example to perform automatic transformations upon documents [1]) or extensions in order to take into account hypertext and multimedia features [12] Abstract document models are now used for many kinds of documentbased applications: technical documentation, data bases, information retrieval, etc. However, for the most popular and largely available ....

....Fig. 2 shows a simple example of a Document Type Description for documents of type Article: As this paper focuses on formatting, the rest of the section is devoted to the formatting features of Grif in the light of the previous requirements, without describing other features of this tool (see [1], 21] and [22] for more details) 8 C. Roisin and I. Vatton 5.1 Presentation model in Grif Grif allows to define generic typographical rules for any DTD. These rules are expressed separately from the DTD in a declarative language called P (P for Presentation) and are grouped in presentation ....

E. Akpotsui, V. Quint, "Type Transformation in Structured Editing Systems ", EP'92 Text processing and document manipulation, C. Vanoirbeek & G. Corey, ed., pp. 27-41, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, April 1992.

.... for editing and formatting complex structured documents [6] 17] It must be seen as a basic research prototype onto which new research experiments are developed: index, spelling corrector [20] hypertext features [18] active document applications [19] static and dynamic document conversion [1], and, what is the core of this paper, managing complex physical structures in a dynamic formatting process. As this paper focuses on formatting, the rest of the section is devoted to the formatting features of Grif in the light of the previous requirements, without describing other features of ....

E. Akpotsui, V. Quint, "Type Transformation in Structured Editing Systems", EP'92 Text processing and document manipulation, C. Vanoirbeek & G. Corey, ed., pp. 27-41, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, April 1992.

....semantics to SGML document elements, must be dealt with individually. Experience with electronic publications [7,8] developed at our institute shows that it is worthwhile not to be restricted to a fixed set of Document Type Definitions (DTDs) R6) Akpotsui and Quint argue in a similar way [9]: By evaluating users reactions to (a preliminary version of) their SGML editor they have identified the requirement that DTD alteration by the user must be feasible. Modifying DTDs must not be arduous for the user. Ideally, DTD alteration should not deviate from modification of normal documents. ....

....causes a problem if there are sections whose content is empty. For the moment it is the system administrator s responsibility to ensure that only extension operations occur to DTDs that already have instances. Shifting this responsibility to the system, however, is subject to further work (cf. [9]) 5 HYTIME The next step to integrate more semantics of hypermedia objects within the storage system (R5) is to extend D STREAT towards HyTime support. In a nutshell, the HyTime standard is a list of element type definitions. Using HyTime terminology, these templates are elementtype forms or, ....

E. Akpotsui and V. Quint, `Type Transformation in Structured Editing Systems', in Proceedings of Electronic Publishing, 1992 (EP92), eds., C. Vanoirbeek and G. Coray, 27--41, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, (1992).

....translators produce new documents. Generally, they are not interactive and are implemented on the basis of a parser. We have experimented with some of them, such as a translator (from Grif to L A T E X, troff or SGML for instance) a document comparator and a static structure transformation tool [2]. They contribute to providing the user with a richer environment for handling structured documents. The second category is very broad, ranging from applications that only update document contents to tools using the paradigm of documents as user interfaces [5] All these MAKING STRUCTURED ....

....from one generic structure (say, Report) to another (say, Book) that is not totally different, but that have different types of elements and attributes, and different structural relationships between elements. For addressing these problems, a structure transformation tool has been developed [2], that compares two generic structures and produces transformation rules that are then applied to document instances built according to the first generic structure, thus making them consistent with the second generic structure. Due to that tool, generic structures can evolve without detriment to ....

E. Akpotsui and V. Quint, `Type Transformation in Structured Editing Systems', Proceedings of Electronic Publishing 1992, EP92, C. Vanoirbeek and G. Coray, eds, pp. 27--41, Cambridge University Press, April 1992.

....and translators produce new documents. Generally, they are not interactive and are implemented on the basis of a parser. We have experimented some of them, such as a translator (from Grif to L A T E X, troff or SGML for instance) a document comparator and a static structure transformation tool [2]. They contribute to providing the user with a richer environment for handling structured documents. MAKING STRUCTURED DOCUMENTS ACTIVE 3 The second category is very broad, ranging from applications that only update document contents to tools using the paradigm of documents as user interfaces ....

....from one generic structure (say, Report) to another (say, Book) that is not totally different, but that have different types of elements and attributes, and different structural relationships between elements. For addressing these problems, a structure transformation tool has been developed [2], that compares two generic structures and produces transformation rules that are then applied to document instances built according to the first generic structure, thus making them consistent with the second generic structure. Due to that tool, generic structures can evolve without detriment to ....

E. Akpotsui, and V. Quint, `Type Transformation in Structured Editing Systems', Proceedingsof Electronic Publishing 1992, EP92, C. Vanoirbeek et G. Coray, ed., 27--41, Cambridge University Press, April 1992.

Online articles have much greater impact   More about CiteSeer.IST   Add search form to your site   Submit documents   Feedback  

CiteSeer.IST - Copyright Penn State and NEC