K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled con- figuration: Architecture and performance analysis," J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1688 --1699 #1992#.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....its transmitter to the channel of the destination node and transmits according to the access protocol. I TDMA avoids collisions by using time division multiplexing to access the channels. Throughput is considerably higher than in I TDMA. 5.2. 6 TDMA C The TDMA Collisionless (TDMA C) protocol [2] uses both the control channel and the data channel to transmit and receive packets. Each node maintains a status table that records the active status of each channel at the node. Each node has a tunable transmitter, a fixed receiver and a tunable receiver. Access to the control channel is based ....

K. Bogineni and P.W. Dowd. A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 10(11):pp. 1688--1699, November 1992.

....protocol can be considered a trade o between exibility and signaling overhead. For bursty and nonuniform trac, HTDM and particularly DAS are superior to the conventional TDM scheme. The TDMA C server protocol is based on a CC TT TR FR system and prevents both channel and receiver collisions [46]. On the control channel each node is assigned one control slot in a static cyclic fashion. Control packets are composed of four elds, namely source address, destination address, data channel number, and packet size. The protocol supports packets of variable length L. Each station maintains two ....

.... at low loads and stable operation at high loads [47] 48] Bandwidth can be saved and performance can be improved if data packets are sent only after successfully transmitted control packets [26] 29] Variable size data packets can be announced by using a corresponding control packet eld [46]. Variable size messages without requiring status tables at each node can be supported by jamming the respective control channel slots until the message is completely sent [38] Supporting variable packet lengths reduces the signaling overhead [52] Additional control packet elds can be used to ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd. A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star{coupled conguration: Architecture and performance analysis. IEEE/OSA J. of Lightwave Technol., 10(11):1688-1699, November 1992.

....protocol can be considered a trade o between exibility and signaling overhead. For bursty and nonuniform trac, HTDM and particularly DAS are superior to the conventional TDM scheme. The TDMA C server protocol is based on a CC TT TR FR system and prevents both channel and receiver collisions [46]. On the control channel each node is assigned one control slot in a static cyclic fashion. Control packets are composed of four elds, namely, source address, destination address, data channel number, and packet size. The protocol supports packets of variable length L. Each station maintains two ....

.... at low loads and stable operation at high loads [47] 48] Bandwidth can be saved and performance can be improved if data packets are sent only after successfully transmitted control packets [26] 29] Variable size data packets can be announced by a using a corresponding control packet eld [46]. Variable size messages without requiring status tables at each node can be supported by jamming the respective control channel slots until the message is completely sent [38] Supporting variable packet lengths reduces the signaling overhead [52] Additional control packet elds can be used to ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd. A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star{coupled con- guration: Architecture and performance analysis. IEEE/OSA J. of Lightwave Technol., 10(11):1688-1699, Nov. 1992.

.... 1, 1 Very High No Medium CA,DCA Protocol [24] RCA [25, 26] TT,TR 1, 1 Very High No Medium CA,DCA MultiS Net [27] TT,TR 1, 1 Very High No Medium CA,DCA DT WDMA [28] 2 FTs,FR,TR 1, N High Yes Medium CA Con ict free 2 FTs,FR,TR 1, N Very High No High CA,DCA DT WDMA [29] TDMA C [30, 31] TT,FR,TR 1, 1 Very High No Medium CA,DCA, Var. DAS [32, 33] 2 FTs,FR,TR 1, N Very High No High CA,DCA, HTDM High Some Sync.Rand. Quadro [34, 35] 2 FTs,FR,TR, 1, N High Yes High CA, Delay lines Some DCA POPSMAC [36, 37] FT,TT,FR,TR N , N Low Yes Low CA,Var. No Sync. N DT WDMA [38] ....

....slot on the control channel and follows through by transmitting a data packet on its data channel. All stations monitor the control channel with a xed receiver. Destination con icts can occur, causing execution of a global distributed algorithm to determine which packet to receive. Protocols in [29, 30, 31, 32, 33] also use TDMA on the control channel, but they avoid destination con icts through reservations. Quadro [34, 35] another similar protocol, uses delay lines to bu er packets arriving simultaneously on di erent wavelengths. In all of these schemes, the control channel becomes a processing ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, \A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled conguration: Architecture and performance analysis," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 1688-1699, Nov. 1992.

....while satisfying message Department of Computer Science University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Page 3 and system constraints. Such protocols and algorithms have been divided into two main classes, namely preallocation based [3] 4] 5] 6] and reservation based [7][8] 9] 10] 11] techniques. Preallocation based techniques use all channels of a fiber to transmit messages. These techniques assign transmission rights to different nodes in a static and pre determined manner. Reservation based techniques allocate a channel as the control channel to transmit ....

K. Bogineni and P.W. Dowd, "A Collisionless Multiple Access Protocol for a Wavelength Division Multiplexed Star-Coupled Configuration: Architecture and Performance Analysis," Journal of Lightwave Technology, 10(11), pp. 1688-1699, November 1992.

....wavelength recognition) 1] Two channels are allocated for broadcasting in the system: the control channel and the broadcast channel. The control channel is shared by all the nodes in the system and is used for distributed arbitration of all other channels through a type of reservation scheme [18, 19]. A status table (data structure) resident in each node s optical network interface keeps track of channel reservation information which is broadcasted on the control channel. The broadcast channel is shared by all the processing nodes for broadcast of global events such as coherence operations ....

Kalyani Bogineni and Patrick W. Dowd. "A Collisionless Multiple Access Protocol for a Wavelength Division Multiplexed Star-Coupled Configuration: Architecture and Performance Analysis". Journal of Lightwave Technology, 10(11):1688--1699, 1992.

....scheme, and physical structure. Three configurations classify the access scheme: multi access, multi hop, and virtual point to point networks. Wavelengthdivision multi access (WDMA) networks employ efficient multi channel access protocols to achieve superior performance at a low system complexity [1, 2]. Multihop networks based on WDM are topologically equivalent to the space switched multi stage networks (e.g. the shufflenet) 3, 4] The virtual point to point approach takes advantage of the combinatorial property provided by wavelength selectivity to achieve reconfigurable networks with direct ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, (To Appear), 1992.

....of the destination node number and the total number of nodes and channels in the system. This section describes the two media access protocols being considered in this paper. I TDMA [8] is a pre allocation protocol which employs time division multiplexing on all the WDM channels whereas TDMA C [12] is a reservation based protocol with a time division multiplexed control channel. An example for a hybrid approach, reservation without a control channel, may be found in [13] 3.1 I TDMA I TDMA is based on channels pre allocated for packet reception where each node receives on its home ....

....to take advantage of the increased capacity of having more channels and the channel utilization remains constant. In a situation where memory access is not uniform, it is possible that many nodes all seek to communicate with a particular node resulting in destination conflicts. It was shown in [12] that an increase in C does not improve system performance when destination conflicts limit the performance. Also, in tracing through a R S simulation run, we saw that in a case like this where the block size is smaller than the control cycle length, the data transmission overlaps with part of the ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology,vol. 10, pp. 1688--1699,Nov. 1992.

....introduces a collisionless media access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) star coupled system with channels pre allocated to the nodes for data packet reception. The performance of the proposed protocol is compared to a collisionless, control channel based reservation protocol [1, 2]. The performance analysis, studied in terms of average packet delay and network throughput, is based on extensive discrete event simulation. Wavelength multiplexing eases the speed mismatch between optics and electronics by partitioning the enormous optical bandwidth into multiple, more ....

.... developed for photonic star coupled WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [7, 8] Reservation techniques designate a wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining channels for data packet transmission [9, 10, 11, 2, 12, 13, 14, 1]. The control channel is used to transmit control information and reserve access on the data channels. Media access protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a home ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Bogineni, M. Carrato, and P. Dowd, "Collisionless multiple access protocols for wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled photonic networks," InternationalJournal in Computer Simulation, (To Appear), 1992.

....introduces a collisionless media access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) star coupled system with channels pre allocated to the nodes for data packet reception. The performance of the proposed protocol is compared to a collisionless, control channel based reservation protocol [1, 2]. The performance analysis, studied in terms of average packet delay and network throughput, is based on extensive discrete event simulation. Wavelength multiplexing eases the speed mismatch between optics and electronics by partitioning the enormous optical bandwidth into multiple, more ....

.... developed for photonic star coupled WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [7, 8] Reservation techniques designate a wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining channels for data packet transmission [9, 10, 11, 2, 12, 13, 14, 1]. The control channel is used to transmit control information and reserve access on the data channels. Media access protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a home ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, (To Appear), 1992.

....3.2 A Multi Channel Time Multiplexed Approach Collisions mayoccurduring the transmission of apacket with I SA, requiring packet re transmissions which increases the packet delay and decreases the network throughput. Furthermore, explicit acknowledgments must be supportedwith I SA. Refer to [7] for a description of a control channel based time multiplexed protocol. I TDMA avoids collisions, acknowledgmentsand retransmissions by time multiplexing access to the channels. Every node in the system has a chance to transmit to a destination node on each channel every cycle. Node (i j Gamma ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performanceanalysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, (To Appear), 1992.

.... WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [12, 13] Reservation techniques may designate one wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining channels (designated as data channels) for data packet transmission [14, 15, 16, 17]. The control channel is used to transmit control information and reserve access on the data channels. Media access control protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a ....

K. Bogineni, M. Carrato, and P. Dowd, "Collisionless multiple access protocols for wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled photonic networks," International Journal in Computer Simulation, (To Appear), 1992.

.... WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [12, 13] Reservation techniques may designate one wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining channels (designated as data channels) for data packet transmission [14, 15, 16, 17]. The control channel is used to transmit control information and reserve access on the data channels. Media access control protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, (To Appear), 1992.

.... WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [5, 6] Reservation techniques may designate one wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining channels (designated as data channels) for data packet transmission [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. The control channel is used to transmit control information and reserve access on the data channels. Media access control protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE J. Lightwave Tech., (Under Review), 1991.

.... WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [6, 7] Reservation techniques may designate one wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining channels (designated as data channels) for data packet transmission [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. The control channel is used to transmit control information and reserve access on the data channels. Media access control protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a ....

K. Bogineni, M. Carrato, and P. Dowd, "Collisionless multiple access protocols for wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled photonic networks," International Journal in Computer Simulation, (To Appear), 1992.

.... WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [6, 7] Reservation techniques may designate one wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining channels (designated as data channels) for data packet transmission [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. The control channel is used to transmit control information and reserve access on the data channels. Media access control protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a ....

....(ff 1) slots. The transitions from the backoff states are summarized above. Note that for ff = 0, 1 and transitions do not occur to states S 2 and S 3 . The transition probabilities derived above are used to compute the limiting probabilities of being in a state in the semi markov model [10, 5], which are then Current State Next State Transition Prob S 4 S 1 fl(1 Gamma ) S 3 fl (1 Gamma ) S 4 fl S 6 (1 Gamma fl) 1 Gamma ) S 7 (1 Gamma fl) S 5 S 3 fl(1 Gamma ) S 4 fl S 7 (1 Gamma fl) Current State Next State Transition Prob S 6 S 4 j(1 Gamma ) S 5 j S 6 (1 Gamma ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, (To Appear), 1992.

.... networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation protocols [19, 20, 21] Reservation techniques designate at least one wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining channels (designated as data channels) for data packet transmission [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30]. Media access control protocols are required to provide arbitration on both data and control channels. A review of these protocols may be found in [31] Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a home channel it uses either for all data packet ....

K. Bogineni, M. Carrato, and P. Dowd, "Collisionless multiple access protocols for wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled photonic networks," InternationalJournal in Computer Simulation, (To Appear), 1992.

.... networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation protocols [19, 20, 21] Reservation techniques designate at least one wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining channels (designated as data channels) for data packet transmission [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30]. Media access control protocols are required to provide arbitration on both data and control channels. A review of these protocols may be found in [31] Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a home channel it uses either for all data packet ....

....(iv) reordering buffers are not required at the transmitting and receiving ends; and (v) the inter dependence between number of nodes, channels and packet size is eliminated. This paper utilizes a mathematical technique based on a semi markov process to model the behavior of media access protocols [21, 26]. This approach achieves a significant reduction in state complexity over standard markov models, improved accuracy over arrival blocking semi markov models such as introduced in [36] and achieves high accuracy when compared to simulation. A detailed performance analysis based on analytic models ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, (To Appear), 1992.

....bandwidth into multiple, more manageable, channels that each operate at the data rate limited by the interface electronics. WDM creates multiple channels where each channel may operate in a multi access mode. Several media access protocols for WDM photonic networks have been proposed in literature [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. A multiple access environment can be achieved through a variety of optical channel topologies [7] A star coupled network, shown in Fig. 1, has an optical power budget advantage over optical bus based systems so a larger system size can be supported. Furthermore, high faulttolerance is achieved ....

.... for photonic star coupled WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [3, 13, 14] Reservation techniques may designate a wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining data channels for data packet transmission [1, 2, 4, 5, 6]. The control channel is used to transmit control information and reserve access on the data channels. Media access protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a home ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, (To Appear), 1992.

....a range of system, load, and protocol parameters. 1. Introduction Media access control (MAC) protocols for wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical star coupled networks are broadly classified into two categories: preallocation based and reservation based [1, 2] Reservation based protocols [3, 4, 5, 6] typically use one WDM channel as the control channel to reserve access on the remaining data channels. Preallocation based approaches [2, 7, 8, 9, 10] use all channels for data transmission. Each node has a preallocated home channel either for transmission or reception. All transmissions to a ....

....data channel to transmit the data. Preallocation protocols with generalized acknowledgment (for example, acknowledgments piggybacked on data packets) need only tune once per transmission. Some reservation based protocols have taken steps to alleviate switching overhead. For example, TDMA C server [4] is a reservation based protocol which features collisionless control channel and data channel access. Therefore, noacknowledgments are necessary for either control packets or data packets, and overhead is reduced. An overlap mechanism was introduced reduce the performance sensitivity on switching ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, (To Appear), 1992.

.... developed for photonic star coupled WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [5, 6] Reservation techniques designate a wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining data channels for data packet transmission [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. Media access protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a home channel that it uses either for all data packet transmissions or all data packet receptions [5, 15] This ....

....control channel while the other receiver is (fast) tunable. A node tunes its fast receiver to the home channel of the source node after receiving a control packet that identified it as the destination. A protocol that also time multiplexed the control channel, denoted as TDMA C, was proposed in [14]. However, the data channels with TDMA C are not owned by any particular node. Time multiplexing the control channel provides each node a chance to transmit per control cycle. This protocol achieves collisionless data packet transmission without requiring the allocation of home channels. Packet ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, (To Appear), 1992.

.... developed for photonic star coupled WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [5, 6] Reservation techniques designate a wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining data channels for data packet transmission [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. Media access protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a home channel that it uses either for all data packet transmissions or all data packet receptions [5, 15] This ....

....one fixed receiver to monitor the control channel and one tunable receiver to receive data packets on any channel. The source node informs the destination node through the control packet of the data channel that will be used for data packet transmission and the size of the data packet. As shown in [10], TDMA C achieves a significant improvement in performance over DT WDMA. Additional advantages of TDMA C over DT WDMA are the support of variable packet sizes, elimination of destination conflicts, scalability in that the number of channels and nodes are no longer coupled, and simpler ....

K. Bogineni, M. Carrato, and P. Dowd, "Collisionless multiple access protocols for wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled photonic networks," International Journal in Computer Simulation, (To Appear), 1992.

....channels. This protocol decouples the maximum system size and the number of data channels. Variable sized packets are supported without loss of utilization with small packets. Depending on the system cost and performance objectives, additional improvements beyond the initial definition provided in [9] are possible and are described in Section 2.2.1. This paper considers two pre allocation protocols: I SA and I TDMA which denote a random and static assignment approach, respectively. I TDMA is highly insensitive to variations in propagation delay, and loss of utilization due to the ....

....simple access arbitration of control channel and its collisionless nature. The above description is valid when the propagation delay (a) is negligible compared to the sum of the protocol processing and switching latencies. The following describes possible extensions to the basic model described in [9] when a is not negligible. Let fi = a ff pp , fl = maxfff ts ; fig, and fl = maxfff rs ; ag. The dependence on the optical devices switching characteristics and the propagation delay can be reduced by overlapping fl and fl. All nodes will decode the control packet only after a time a from ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled configuration: Architecture and performance analysis," IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, vol. 10, pp. 1688--1699, Nov. 1992.

....channels. These protocols typically require only one tunable device (transmitter or receiver) per node. An objective of this approach is to avoid having a control channel since the base assumption is that the system will only have a few WDM channels. Reservation based protocols such as TDMA C [6] and PROTON [7] can support variable packet size, but have higher transceiver cost (multiple tunable devices per node) and significant protocol complexity. A control channel based protocol introduced in [8] requires 2M channels to support communication among M nodes. In addition to the other ....

....protocols have the same transmitter receiver complexity. Both protocols are based on pre allocated receivers, and support the bimodal traffic studied in this paper. To provide additional perspective, this section will compare FatMAC to a protocol based on dedicated control channel denoted as TDMAC [6]. Both FatMAC and TDMA C are designed to support variable length packets and are based on a reservation mechanism. Transceiver cost: TDMA C requires a tunable transmitter, a fixed receiver and a tunable receiver. FatMAC requires only a tunable transmitter and a fixed receiver. Tunable receivers ....

K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for a wavelength division multiplexed star-coupledconfiguration: Architectureand performance analysis", IEEE Journal on Lightwave Technology, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 1688--1699, Nov. 1992.

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K. Bogineni and P. W. Dowd, "A collisionless multiple access protocol for wavelength division multiplexed star-coupled con- figuration: Architecture and performance analysis," J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1688 --1699 #1992#.

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