K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Preallocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, pp. 235--246, Aug. 1992.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....Slotted Aloha [32] forces a station to wait until the beginning of a slot period before sending its packet. This reduces the number of collisions and hence improves throughput, but slightly increases the waiting time before packet transmission. 5.2. 2 I SA The Interleaved Slotted Aloha (I SA) [29], 30] protocol is a relatively simple protocol that does not require a large amount of processing. I SA requires one tunable transmitter and one fixed receiver per node before information can be transferred. Each node has a single queue that bu#ers arriving packets if the transmitter is busy. Each ....

K.M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P.W. Dowd. Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks. Computer Communications Review, 22(4):pp. 235--246, October 1992.

....[41] passing Mux DeMux Source Dest. xed TT,TR 1 Low High Allocation [42] TWSA [43] xed k TTs,k TRs 1 Low High Many to One [44] xed TT,FR or N Low High One to Many FT,TR or One to One TT,TR Many to Many S Aloha [45] random TT,k FRs 1 Low Low Random TDMA High High Sync. Rand. I SA [46, 47, 48, 31] random TT,FR 1 Low Low I TDMA xed I SA [49, 47, 31] random TT,FR 1 Low Low I TDMA xed High PAC [50, 51] random TT,TR,PAC, N Low Medium No Sync. Control star DISA [52] hybrid TT,FR 1 Medium High DMACS [53] hybrid FT,TT,2 FRs 1, N Medium High a Key to Comments: No Sync. no ....

....all packets. In addition, I SA uses a di erent acknowledgment scheme than I SA. Since the ratio of propagation delay to transmission time is high, the token passing protocols [40, 41] do not allow much concurrency and thus perform poorly in a high speed multichannel LAN MAN. The xed protocols [42, 43, 44, 46, 49, 47, 31] do not accommodate bursty trac eciently. With these protocols, a method to change the slot assignment pattern dynamically should be provided. The random protocols [45, 46, 47, 48, 31, 49, 50, 51] handle bursty trac well but have limited throughput. The Protection Against Collision (PAC) Optical ....

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K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, \Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," Proc. ACM SIGCOMM '92 in Computer Communication Review, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 235-246, Oct. 1992.

....switching. Wavelength agile components are used for switching. Examples of such architectures are the Fast Optical Cross connect (FOX) the Hypass and Bhypass Switches, the Photonic Knockout Switch [Goo89] the Star Track Switch [LGA90] Rainbow [DGL 90] and others [HKS87] Meh90] SGK91] [SBD92]. This architecture presents, however, fundamental difficulties when using distributed control [Ram93] Typically, a star topology is used, with a central passive node to and from which all communication take place. Each user transmits its information on an unique wavelength, and a ....

....and a pretransmission procedure is needed for the tuning of two end users to the same wavelength. Different alternative procedures are possible (reservation and pre allocation strategies) Muk92a] Ram93] but they all are time consuming and cause high access delays [HKS87] LGA90] SGK91] [SBD92]. This means that this network model is not consistent with bursty traffic needs in terms of low access delay requirements. The wavelength switching is a time consuming process as well. Neither tunable lasers nor tunable filters are commercially available today that are capable of retuning speeds ....

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Sigalingam, K.M., Bogineni, K. and Dowd, P.W.,"Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM'92, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 235 - 246, August 1992.

....transmission channels and may deliver an aggregate throughput that can grow with the number of wavelengths deployed, and can be in the order of Terabits per second [6] Our concern in this paper is with one class of the proposed architectures, namely, singlehop networks. Single hop networks [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13] are all optical in nature, i.e. a packet is sent from the source to the destination in one hop, without passing through intermediate stations. For a successful packet transmission, one of the transmitters of the source and one of the receivers of the destination must operate on the same ....

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd. Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks. In Proceedings of SIGCOMM '92, pages 235--246. ACM, 1992.

.... (requiring different transmitter receiver capabilities and configurations at each station) Muk92] The simplest access scheme is S ALOHA, stabilized with retransmission time out controls, which can be implemented with a single laser detector pair per station, without a separate control channel [SBD92] b) Multi hop Networks. Instead of using a direct path from the source to the destination, multi hop networks require some packets to travel across several hops. Basically, the multi hop network is a store and forward network embedded in the passive optic network. The switches of the multi hop ....

K.M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P.W. Dowd. Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '92 Symposium, pages 235--246, Baltimore, Maryland, August 1992.

....a laser array [11] The protocol described here is optimized for the laser array but can be extended to a general tunable transmitter. The protocol is based on channels pre allocated for data reception where each node receives on a specific channel referred to as its home channel. As described in [12], a source node can determine the home channel of a destination node through the destination node number, the number of nodes in the system and the number of channels. Let M denote the number of nodes and C the number of channels. For M C, M C nodes share a home channel. The effectiveness of ....

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Preallocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, pp. 235--246, Aug. 1992.

....[7, 15] This eliminates the requirement that a node possess both a tunable transmitter and a tunable receiver. Pre allocation eliminates the need for a control channel so all channels are used for data transmission [16, 7] Random and static access pre allocation protocols were proposed in [7, 15, 17, 18]. Pre allocation may be achieved by either specifying the channel a node will use to transmit (requires a tunable receiver and a fixed transmitter) or receive (requires a tunable transmitter and a fixed receiver) A source node tunes its transmitter to the home channel of the destination node and ....

.... may be shared with other nodes if the number of nodes (M) exceeds the number of channels (C) Any node in the system can determine the home channel of any other node in a decentralized fashion with knowledge of the destination node number and the total number of nodes and channels in the system [7, 18]. The reservation based protocols proposed for star coupled systems in [9, 16] are based on random access schemes. The channels are shared by all nodes in [9] on a contention basis, with random access schemes employed on both control and data channels. The destination node is informed through the ....

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K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, (Baltimore, Maryland), Aug. 1992.

....access (WDMA) star coupled photonic networks. In particular, protocols with channel allocation specified a priori to reduce system complexity are considered. Two pre allocation protocols based on static access and random access (I TDMA and I SA respectively) have been proposed and analyzed in [1]. This paper generalizes and improves the two protocols, and their performance is analyzed extensively through discrete event simulation. Overlapping techniques to reduce protocol sensitivity to optical device switching time and protocol processing time are introduced. WDM networks are achieved ....

....or all data packet receptions. This eliminates the requirement that a node possess both a tunable transmitter and a tunable receiver. Pre allocation approaches appear to be very promising due to their low implementational and operational complexity. Pre allocation protocols have been considered in [10, 12, 14, 1, 18]. A survey of existing media access protocols protocols may be found in [14] The two protocols analyzed in [1] are based on random access (I SA) and static access (I TDMA) Both protocols assumed one tunable transmitter and one fixed receiver per node. Each node had a single queue of variable ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, (Baltimore, Maryland), Aug. 1992.

....National Science Foundationunder Grant CCR 9010774 and ECS 9112435. pre allocation approach achieves further reduction in system complexity by eliminating the requirement of having one wavelength channel operate as a control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining data channels [5]. The protocols are described in terms of the star coupled configuration due to its fanout characteristic and high network fault tolerance. Media access control protocols developed for photonic star coupled WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [6, ....

....channels. Media access control protocols are required to provide arbitration on both the data and control channels. Pre allocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a home channel that it uses either for all data packet transmissions or all data packet receptions [5]. This eliminates the requirement that a node possess both a tunable transmitter and a tunable receiver. Pre allocation may be achieved by either specifying the channel a node will use to transmit (requires a tunable receiver and a fixed transmitter) or receive (requires a tunable transmitter and ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, (Baltimore, Maryland), pp. 235--246, Aug. 1992.

.... (BS) passive star coupled configuration operating in a multiple access environment as opposed to a Wavelength Routing (WR) network [7] Media access control protocols developed for photonic star coupled WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation protocols [19, 20, 21]. Reservation techniques designate at least one wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining channels (designated as data channels) for data packet transmission [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30] Media access control protocols are required to provide ....

....receiver) A home channel may be shared with other nodes if the number of nodes exceeds the number of channels. A node can determine the home channel of any other node in a decentralized fashion with knowledge of the destination node number and the total number of nodes and channels in the system [19, 32, 21]. This approach does not require a control channel: all channels are used for data transmission [19] Reservation protocols are often more complex than pre allocation protocols since the transfer is based on two stages: reservation and transmission [19] Depending on the implemented protocol, ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, pp. 235--246, Aug. 1992.

....division multiplexing. Refer to [9, 10, 11, 12] for detail regarding the WDM network architectures and wavelength tunable transmitters and receivers. Media access protocols developed for photonic star coupled WDM networks may be broadly classified into reservation and pre allocation strategies [3, 13, 14]. Reservation techniques may designate a wavelength channel as the control channel that is used to reserve access on the remaining data channels for data packet transmission [1, 2, 4, 5, 6] The control channel is used to transmit control information and reserve access on the data channels. Media ....

....channel may be shared with other nodes if the number of nodes exceeds the number of channels. Any node in the system can determine the home channel of any other node in a decentralized fashion with knowledge of the destination node number and the total number of nodes and channels in the system [3, 14]. This approach does not require a control channel: all channels are used for data transmission [16, 3] Reservation protocols are often more complex than preallocation protocols since the transfer is basedon two stages: reservation and transmission [3] Depending on the implemented protocol, ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, (Baltimore, Maryland), pp. 235--246, Aug. 1992.

....the descriptions below, the following system parameters are assumed. Let M and C denote the number of nodes and channels in the system, respectively. In the case where M C, home channels are shared, with no channel being shared by more than M C nodes. 2.1. I SA I SA, as described in [12], is a simple random access protocol. Time is slotted, and transmissions occur only on slot boundaries. Each node maintains a single FIFO queue. The source node transmits the first packet in the queue at the beginning of each slot to the appropriate destination. Acknowledgment via slot extension ....

....is a simple random access protocol. Time is slotted, and transmissions occur only on slot boundaries. Each node maintains a single FIFO queue. The source node transmits the first packet in the queue at the beginning of each slot to the appropriate destination. Acknowledgment via slot extension [12] is assumed so the source node knows if the transmission was successful by the start of the next slot. The source node enters backoff mode for a random number of slots if a collision occurs. No transmissions take place during backoff mode. A retransmission is attempted at the end of the backoff ....

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, (Baltimore, Maryland), Aug. 1992.

....[5, 15] This eliminates the requirement that a node possess both a tunable transmitter and a tunable receiver. Pre allocation eliminates the need for a control channel so all channels are used for data transmission [16, 5] Random and static access pre allocation protocols were proposed in [5, 15, 17, 18]. Pre allocation may be achieved by either specifying the channel a node will use to transmit (requires a tunable receiver and a fixed transmitter) or receive (requires a tunable transmitter and a fixed receiver) A source node tunes its transmitter to the home channel of the destination node and ....

.... may be shared with other nodes if the number of nodes (M ) exceeds the number of channels (C) Any node in the system can determine the home channel of any other node in a decentralized fashion with knowledge of the destination node number and the total number of nodes and channels in the system [5, 18]. The reservation based protocols proposed for star coupled systems in [7, 16, 12, 13] are based on random access schemes. The channels are shared by all nodes in [7] on a contention basis, with random access schemes employed on both control and data channels. Packet collisions could occur during ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, (Baltimore, Maryland), Aug. 1992.

....enable various issues such as memory allocation, process migration and load balancing to be viewed from a new perspective. The section on optical interconnections and media access protocols used in this paper, I TDMA and I TDMA , has been deleted due to space constraints. For more information, see [4, 5]. 2.1 Memory Organization of OIDSM The memory organization of the OIDSM system mainly consists of a physical memory shared by all processors in the system. The memory hierarchy at each node is as follows: each processor has a processor cache (PC) an extended cache (EC) and a local portion of ....

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, (Baltimore, Maryland), pp. 235--246, Aug. 1992.

....number of nodes exceeds the number of channels. Any node in the system can determine the home channel of any other node in a decentralized fashion with knowledge of the destination node number and the total number of nodes and channels in the system [1] Pre allocation protocols were considered in [4, 5, 1, 6, 7]. DT WDMA [8] can be viewed as a combined approach: it has channels pre allocated for transmission and a control channel is used to inform the destination of a source node s desire to transmit. Each node possesses two fixed transmitters, a fixed receiver and a tunable receiver. An arbitration ....

....of the protocol. This paper restricts itself to the basic TDMA C model for cases where propagation delay is negligible and to TDMA C 1 when the impact of propagation delay is being studied. 2.2. 2 Interleaved Slotted Aloha (I SA) Access along each channel is governed by a Slotted Aloha strategy [1, 6, 7]. The receiver of the source node is tuned to its own home channel, so successful packet transmissions cannot be sensed. This implies that destination nodes must explicitly acknowledge successful packet transmissions. Two schemes can be employed for acknowledgment transmission: Implicit ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, (Baltimore, Maryland), pp. 235--246, Aug. 1992.

....being applicable to systems with many more nodes than channels. The protocol described in this paper is based on the pre allocation approach. Each node is required to possess a fast tunable transmitter and a fixed receiver. A Slotted Aloha based pre allocation protocol (I SA) has been analyzed in [1]. Collisions can occur during packet transmission which cannot be sensed by the source node since its receiver is fixed to its own data reception channel. Successful data transmission must be acknowledged by the destination node. Two possible ways of providing acknowledgments are: i) ....

....channel. Successful data transmission must be acknowledged by the destination node. Two possible ways of providing acknowledgments are: i) acknowledgment subslots at the end of data packet transmission in which the destination node transmits an acknowledgment on successful data packet reception [1]; and (ii) explicit acknowledgments transmitted by the destination node. The source node transmits the data packet and waits for an acknowledgment and retransmits the packet if the acknowledgment is not received within a timeout period. The performance impact of these two schemes is studied in ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, pp. 235--246, Aug. 1992.

....for wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) star coupled photonic networks are investigated in this paper. Channels are allocated to nodes a priori in this approach reducing system complexity. Two pre allocation protocols based on random (I SA) and static (I TDMA) access have been analyzed in [1] but propagation, protocol processing and optical device tuning times were not considered. This paper considers protocol design in a more realistic scenario and develops overlapping techniques to reduce protocol sensitivity to propagation delay, optical device switching time and protocol ....

.... to reserve access on the remaining channels (designated as data channels) for data packet transmission [5, 6, 7, 8] Preallocation techniques pre assign the channels to the nodes, where each node has a home channel that it uses either for all data packet transmissions or all data packet receptions [9, 10, 3, 11, 1]. Preallocation achieves reduction in system complexity by eliminating the requirement of a control channel as discussed below. The protocols defined in this paper are analyzed in terms of performance and also in terms of the following concerns. The issues identified below are used throughout the ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

K. M. Sivalingam, K. Bogineni, and P. W. Dowd, "Pre-allocation media access control protocols for multiple access WDM photonic networks," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'92, pp. 235--246, Aug. 1992.

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