The Patients's Charter (for England), January 1997 see http://www.doh.gov.uk/pcharter/patientc.htm  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....expressing the default policy at the Health Record service, but other mechanisms will be needed for explicit denial of access. 2.3 Legal and Ethical Constraints Governing Access Health records are personal, and therefore subject to the provisions of the Data Protection Act. The Patient s Charter [13] guarantees a patient s general right to restrict access to their health records. Ideally an access control guard should respect this regulatory framework as well as explicit policy, but it is hard to express law within logic [7] Recent advances in biology are undermining the assumptions lying ....

....records are personal, and therefore subject to Data Protection legislation, as enacted in both the UK and European parliaments. In each UK province there is also a Patient s Charter, which among other things makes explicit the right of each patient to determine who may access their health records [13]. Health authorities will express policies in terms of the role and seniority of their sta , and the nature of the data that is to be accessed or service that is to be managed. Specialist departments will recognize professional skills in addition to seniority. All of these sources of policy must ....

The Patients's Charter (for England), January 1997 see http://www.doh.gov.uk/pcharter/patientc.htm

....network timeouts in a context sensitive manner. Erlang OTP User Conference 2000 3 2 Background Since we and the company had developed many applications in C already, we had an intrinsic bias toward this language. Early on, we built a rudimentary prototype in C using the Libero [Lib] and SMT [SMT] tools by iMatix and using the familiar rpcgen and libc s ONC RPC library to handle the data transport over the network to the remote Data Servers. The Libero SMT nite state machine approach seemed a viable way to manage the Client Daemon s growth if we decided we liked SMT, and we wouldn t lose ....

SMT, the Simple Multi-Threading kernel. See http://www.imatix.com/html/smt/.

....code to a full featured ONC RPC library, allowing us to avoid a lot of XDR and RPC related drudge work. 2 Also, around this time we had the opportunity to talk with a number of the software engineers at Bluetail A.B. who have written most of an email proxying system, called the Mail Robusti er [Blu], in Erlang. The fact that these folks had done signi cant work on an email related project in Erlang increased our con dence in Erlang s viability. Their kindness to answer some general questions about coding such a project in Erlang helped us tremendously. Two potential bene ts of using Erlang ....

The Bluetail Mail Robustier. See http://www.bluetail.com/products/bmr/.

....system task; 2. identify the relationships between elementary behaviours; 3. identify the organisational behaviours of the system, for example, the way in which agents form themselves into groups. Collinot et al. illustrate the methodology by way of the design of a RoboCup soccer team (see [38]) Luck and d Inverno: Agents in Z Luck and d Inverno have developed an agent specification framework in the Z language [68] although the types of agents considered in this framework are somewhat different from those discussed above [48, 49] They define a four tiered hierarchy of the entities ....

The Robot World Cup Initiative. See http://www.RoboCup.org/.

....model such well known agent protocols as the Contract Net [66] a notion of role that extends that provided in UML, and in particular, allows the modelling of an agent playing many roles. Both the Object Management Group (OMG) 55] and the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) [27] are currently supporting the development of UML based notations for modelling agent systems, and there is therefore likely to be considerable work in this area. Treur et al.: DESIRE In an extensive series of papers (see, e.g. 8, 19] Treur and colleagues have described the DESIRE framework. ....

The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents. See http://www.fipa.org/.

....from the abstract model to the concrete one. There are several approaches to constructing abstractions. One is to use abstractions which are safe by (automatic) construction [2, 9] Here, we assume that the abstraction is speci ed by the user. A similar approach is taken in the Bandera tool set [1]. This way, the particular insight of the system s designer may be exploited in constructing an appropriate abstraction, thus opening the road for certain clever abstractions that are less likely to be constructed automatically. The danger, however, is that such a hand crafted abstraction is not ....

The Bandera project. See http://www.cis.ksu.edu/santos/bandera/.

....networkbased code. Java supports the Java Native Interface (JNI) 31] which enables users to make calls to native code. Recently it has been established that Java can become a dominant language for computational science [32] for instance in the areas of distributed parallel computing [33] or numerical linear algebra [34] 35] Also recently an extension to the Java language has been presented that provides support for physical dimensions and units of measurement [36] II. Software architecture A. Introduction In this section we give an overview of the software architecture, used ....

The Do! project for generation of distributed parallel Java programs. See: http://www.irisa.fr/caps/PROJECTS/Do/Do.html

.... information systems (VIS s) on the World Wide Web (WWW) 1 9] Among the various applications we like to mention (collaborative) remote control of specialized instruments (remote instrumentation) 1 3] distant learning [5] 8] access to (large) databases [4] 6] and viewing of medical images [10]. An important aspect of visual information systems is that they often should be able to execute programs on remote computers [1 3] An immediate consequence of this is that such systems should be platform independent as much as possible. B. Integration of image reconstruction algorithms In ....

The EasyVision Modules of Philips Medical Systems. See: http://www.sun.nl/java/nieuws/1999/01/ PhilipsMedicalSystemsinnov.html

....can be closely related to the mathematics of the problem. The resulting code becomes easy to use, extend and maintain. OOP is very dioeerent from standard procedural programming in, e.g. Fortran or C. Although Fortran or C can be used to implement an object oriented design, see Gropp and Smith [17, 23] for a C implementation of a library similar to ours, the programming eoeort is signicantly decreased by using a language that supports OOP. Today, C [15, 4] is the only language of this kind that meets the strong eOEciency requirements of numerical computations. Besides being an eOEcient tool ....

....only a few documented examples on sparse matrix solvers that have the AEexibility of the degree that is described in this paper. One very comprehensive and impressive contribution in this eld is the SLES li2 brary, which is the linear algebra part of the PETSc package developed by Gropp and Smith [17, 23]. In contrast to the PETSc approach, we apply C instead of C. Due to inherent mechanisms supporting OOP, the choice of using C leads to a much simpler implementation at the library level. Other impressive libraries include the IML (and SparseLib ) software [9, 19] the C extension ....

The PETSc WWW home page. (See http://www.mcs.anl.gov/petsc/petsc.html).

....detail a specic application of OOP to a library for iterative solution of linear systems. The emphasis is put on the fundamental design ideas. These ideas are illustrated by examples taken, usually in a simplied form, from a library developed by the authors. This library is available from netlib [22] and constitutes a part of a comprehensive software package for numerical solution of partial dioeerential equations [11, 6] However, this paper is written primarily for specialists on preconditioned iterative methods who also have an interest in and some knowledge about OOP. We also emphasize ....

The Netlib WWW home page. (See http://www.netlib.org).

....here is not to evaluate new JVM architectures, but Section 3 describes one possible way that a JVM might exploit BLP. Section 4 then concludes the paper. 2. BLP Characterization Measurements have been obtained with a tool BAT which we have built on top of the x86 Linux port of the Kaffe [10] JVM. Kaffe is an open source JVM with a modular JIT compiler that can be deactivated as needed. Kaffe consists of about 110,000 lines of C code, and has been ported to a dozen or so platforms. With the JIT disabled, Kaffe implements the JVM using a pure bytecode interpreter. BAT modifies this ....

The Kaffe virtual machine. see http://www.kaffe.org.

....within Gaia is currently somewhat impoverished. In future work, we will need to provide a much richer protocol specification framework. ffl International Standards. Gaia was not designed with any particular standard for agent communication in mind (such as the FIPA agent communication language [11]) However, in the event of widescale industrial takeup of such standards, it may prove useful to adapt our methodology to be compatible with such standards. ffl Formal Semantics. Finally, we believe that a successful methodology is one that is not only of pragmatic value, but one that also has ....

The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents. See http://www.fipa.org/.

....those kinds of security issues in this paper. Instead, we will examine a new kind of security problem that can arise even when the system is assumed to protect content and enforce contracts as speci ed. Systems to enforce digital contracts are already in place or will be available soon see [14, 15, 16, 13] for a few examples. Initially, these kinds of systems might be used to support relatively simple business models. Speci cally, we would not expect to see very early support for business models that involved middlemen. Middlemen are entities that are neither direct producers nor direct consumers ....

The Secure Digital Music Initiative. See http://www.sdmi.org/.

....the abstract interpretation of the program s instructions over the predicates representing the abstract states, thus constructing the reachable part of the abstract state space by symbolic execution . Examples of tools that o er (some of) these capabilities are STeP [18] InVeSt [2] and Bandera [1]. The predicates for the initial abstraction are usually derived from syntactic clues in the program text and the correctness property. For example, the abstract states are taken to be conjunctions of predicates expressing that control is at a certain point with the set consisting of all ....

The Bandera project. See http://www.cis.ksu.edu/santos/bandera/.

....Performance Evaluation In order to evaluate the performance and the load distribution of the implementation, we used a URL request generator tool called SURGE [8] Scalable URL Reference Generator) to create a realistic web workload. Surge is a tool developed as part of the Commonwealth project [17] that attempts to accurately mimic a fixed population of users accessing a Web server. It adheres to six empirically measured statistical properties of typical client requests, including request size distribution and inter arrival time distribution. Surge adopts a closed system model (workload is ....

....two additional hosts must be purchased: the new host plus a connection router, even though most of the capacity of the connection router will be unused. DPR allows more costeffective scaling of distributed servers, and as a result more directly supports the goals of the Commonwealth project [17]. Acknowledgments: We would like to thank all members of the Commonwealth Research Group for their support and for the many useful discussions that helped solidify the results presented in this report. In particular, we would like to acknowledge the help of Mark Crovella, David Martin, Jun Liu, ....

The Commonwealth Scalable Server Project. See Http://www.cs.bu.edu/groups/cwealth.

....interactive systems for mathematics. A system for matrix computations developed as a teaching aid during the period 1977 84 by Cleve Moler at the University of New Mexico, was commercialized as a tool for control system engineers. Today MATLAB is a very popular system for scienti c computing [49]. The overall structure of modern interactive mathematics systems was greatly in uenced by the system Mathematica developed by Stephen Wolfram in 1988 [84] Mathematica was the rst commercial system to integrate symbolic, numerical, and graphical capabilities into a single package. The growing ....

MATLAB. The MathWorks, Inc. See http://www.mathworks.com/.

....project has been integrated within the service platform, where it contributes to the development and testing of service components. 2. 1 Component framework Our monitoring approach is facilitated by a Distributed Software Component (DSC) framework [1, 2] which was developed during the MESH [3] project. The DSC framework is also used to implement the FRIENDS services platform. The DSC framework provides the middleware layer that allows components to interact with each other in a distributed environment. The DSC framework consists of a CORBA ORB and a runtime library, which provides ....

The MESH project, see http://www.mesh.nl/

....past 3 years. Returning to commercial solutions, Mass Storage Management Systems at the scale we need for the next millenium are having an extremely small market niche. Therefore there is currently only a single semi commercial product available, called HPPS (High Performance Storage System) [4], developed by a consortium including a number of National Labs in the US centred around IBM Government Systems providing for coordination of the development efforts and marketing. We carefully looked into the design and capabilities of HPSS and found that HPSS is Delta well designed in terms ....

The High Performance Storage System, see http://www.sdsc.edu/hpss/

....processes should be scheduled to maximize throughput despite potential lock contention between such processes. While addressing these goals, the scheduler must ensure that no process starves. In this paper we are not concerned with real time schedulers [10] 2. 1 Scheduling in FreeBSD FreeBSD [7] is a UNIX operating system for the Intel x86 platform based on UC Berkeley s 4.4BSD Lite [14] release. FreeBSD s scheduler is a typical decay usage priority scheduler [4] also used in System V [8] and Mach [2] The scheduler employs a multi level feedback queue in which processes with equal ....

The FreeBSD Operating System, 1999. See http://www.- freebsd.org/.

....k Dept. of AM and CS, Weizmann Institute of Science. Research supported by an Eshkol Fellowship from the Israeli Ministry of Science. Email: bennyp wisdom.weizmann.ac. il 1 This survey is also the basis for a recent internet draft [8] prepared for the Secure Multicast Group (SMuG) of the IRTF [26]. See also [15] for an earlier, more basic discussion of secure multicast issues. It soon becomes clear that the scenarios are so diverse that there is little hope for a unified security solution that accommodates all scenarios. Yet we suggest two benchmark scenarios that, besides being ....

The Secure Multicast Group of the Internet Research Task Force, see http://www.ipmulticast.com/community/smug/

....processes should be scheduled to maximize throughput despite potential lock contention between such processes. While addressing these goals, the scheduler must ensure that no process starves. In this paper we are not concerned with real time schedulers [11] 2. 1 Scheduling in FreeBSD FreeBSD [16, 7] is a UNIX [21] operating system for the Intel x86 platform based on UC Berkeley s 4.4BSDLite [1, 19] release. FreeBSD s scheduler is a typical decay usage priority scheduler [26] also used in System V [8] and Mach [3] The scheduler employs a multi level feedback queue in which processes with ....

The FreeBSD Operating System, 1998. See http://www.freebsd.- org/.

....in x10. Although the name of each experiment suggests a particular purpose, we gathered and report performance results from each of them in various ways. Our experiments are based upon simple maximum speed unidirectional TCP bulk data transfers. More sophisticated models such as SPECWeb96 [20] and SURGE [6] exercise a server s TCP connection management, memory management, task management, and Web server application software. Our protocols only impact those areas in terms of increased CPU competition, so our experiments just measure how quickly an anonymizing network can carry data ....

The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation. Specweb96. See http://www.specbench. org/org/web96/.

....starve. In some contexts, schedulers must ensure that processes meet real time deadlines, although we are not concerned with such systems here. Following, we contrast the characteristics and goals of the FreeBSD scheduler with the lottery scheduler. 2. 1 Scheduling in FreeBSD FreeBSD [Lehey 1996, FreeBSD 1997] is a UNIX [Ritchie Thompson 1974] operating system for the Intel 80386 platform based on UC Berkeley s 4.4BSD Lite [4.4BSD 1994, McKusick et al. 1996] release. FreeBSD s scheduler is a typical example of decay usage priority scheduling also used in System V and Mach with 100 ms time slices. ....

The FreeBSD Operating System, 1997. See http://www.freebsd.org/.

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The MESH project, see http://www.mesh.nl/

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The Commonwealth Scalable Server Project. See Http://www.cs.bu.edu/groups/cwealth

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