A.T. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J.M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, R. de Hoog, CommonKADS, a comprehensive methodology for KBS development, IEEE Expert 9 (6) (1994) 28-37.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....of a specification: a task definition, a problem solving method, a domain model and an adapter that relates the other elements. Abstract dat. types and a variant of dynamic logic are used as formal means to specify these elements. Other knowledge engineering methodologies such as CommonKADS [5] and MIKE [6] are successful in providing structure to the development process of KBSs by identifying intermediate models and defining the languages and organizations of these models. However, the moving from a high level conceptual model to a high quality implementation is still a difficult and ....

A.T. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J.M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, R. de Hoog, CommonKADS, a comprehensive methodology for KBS development, IEEE Expert 9 (6) (1994) 28-37.

....be considered as techniques for building CM, the main goal of this chapter. Additionally, the CMs for ontologies can be regarded as part of the CMs for KBS, whose construction is covered by the development methodologies. KBS development methodologies explicitly address the definition of CMs [50] [51] 52] Unlike SE, where, as discussed in the preceding section, the most commonly used CMs are relatively simple, the CMs in KE are fairly rich and complex, recording a huge number of concepts about the problem domain. All the methodologies described divide the CM into three different ....

....make up the dynamic part of the model. In the following, we will analyse the CMs used by the KE methodologies, focusing attention on how each knowledge level of the expertise model is described. We will actually describe the following modelling languages: CML [53] 54] linked to CommonKADS [50], KARL [55] 56] linked to MIKE [52] and MODEL [57] linked to PROTG II [51] These languages have special builders for each knowledge level. 20 Handbook of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 5.1. Domain level All the above methodologies describe the structural aspects of the ....

A. Schreiber, B.J. Wielinga, R. de Hoog, H. Akkermans, W. Van de Velde, CommonKADS; A comprehensive methodology for KBS development. IEEE Expert, vol. 9, 1994.

....have been developed (c.f. Marcus, 1988] Chandrasekaran et al. 1992] Puppe, 1993] Breuker Van de Velde, 1994] Benjamins, 1995] Musen 1998] Motta, 1999] and a number of problem solving method specification languages have been proposed, ranging from informal notations (e.g. CML [Schreiber et al. 1994]) to formal modeling languages (see [Fensel Motta, to appear] Fensel van Harmelen, 1994] Fensel, 1995] Gomez Perez Benjamins, 1999] for summaries) From a technical point of view, PSMs are a special type of software architectures ( Shaw Garlan, 1996] software architectures for ....

A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

....a component. Currently, it provides three different styles: natural language 4. The Meta Object Facility (MOF) standard is a proposal of the OMG s group for expressing various modeling frameworks in a joint representation (cf. OMG, 1997] OIL UPML 14.3 D. Fensel et al. definitions (like CML, [Schreiber et al. 1994]) ordersorted logic (like (ML) 2 [van Harmelen Balder, 1992] and frame logic (like KARL, Fensel et al. 1998] In this paper, we will examine how OIL could fill in the gap as a defined standard language for the logical specification of the elementary elements of a UPML specification. ....

A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

....software architectures for describing the reasoning part of knowledge based systems. Several problem solving method libraries are now available (see e.g. 13] 7] 54] and a number of problem solving method specification languages have been proposed, ranging from informal notations (e.g. CML [59]) to formal modeling languages (e.g. KARL [31] see [29] for a survey) 2.3 Ontologies Ontologies have become a popular research topic and have been investigated by several Artificial Intelligence research communities, including KE, natural language processing and knowledge representation. More ....

A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development. IEEE Expert 9 (6), 1994, pp. 28-37.

.... Several problem solving method libraries are now available (Marcus, 1988; Chandrasekaran et al. 1992; Puppe, 1993; Breuker Van de Velde, 1994; Musen 1998; Motta, 1997) and a number of problem solving method specification languages have been proposed, ranging from informal notations (e.g. CML) (Schreiber et al. 1994) to formal modelling languages see (Fensel van Harmelen, 1994; Fensel, 1995) for surveys. The aim of the IBROW3 project (Benjamins et al. 1998) is to produce a software broker able to configure semi automatically an intelligent problem solver out of reusable components. In order to identify ....

Schreiber, A. TH., Wielinga, B. Akkermans, J.M., Van De Velde, W. and de Hoog, R: (1994). CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

....reusable building block fit to each other and the specific circumstances of the actual problem and knowledge. In the paper, we discuss a conceptual and formal framework for the specification of KBSs. The conceptual framework is developed in accordance to the CommonKADS model of expertise (see [27]) because this model has become widely used by the knowledge engineering community. The formal means applied are based on combining variants of algebraic specification techniques (see [5] and dynamic logic (see [19] As a consequence of our modularized specification, we identify several ....

....of types, constants, functions and predicates) and a set of axioms that define properties of these syntactical elements. 2.1. 2 The Problem Solving Method The concept PSM is present in a large part of current knowledge engineering frameworks (e.g. Generic Tasks [7] CommonKADS [6] [27], Method to task approach [9] Configurable Role Limiting Methods [22] In general, PSMs are used to describe the reasoning process of a KBS. Besides some differences between the approaches, there is strong consensus that a PSM: decompose the entire reasoning task into more elementary ....

A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

....the first time an axiomatization and proof theory of specification languages for knowledge based systems. We achieve this by developing the logical language MLPM (Modal Logic of Predicate Modification) 1 INTRODUCTION The model of expertise as developed in the KADS I and CommonKADS projects [13] has become a widely used framework for developing and describing knowledge based systems (KBS) Such a model of expertise can be used to describe the reasoning process and the knowledge required by this process in an implementationindependent manner. During the last years a couple of formal ....

A.T. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

....principles and points of interest differ significantly in the two approaches. A detailed comparison of both approaches can be found in Fensel and Poeck (1994) MIKE is strongly influenced by the results of the KADS I and CommonKADS projects, c.f. Wielinga, Schreiber and Breuker (1992) and Schreiber, Wielinga, Akkermans, van de Velde and de Hoog (1994), and by work in software engineering and information system design, cf. Angele, Fensel and Studer (1990) It is based on the distinction of different phases in the software development process such as, e.g. analysis, design, and implementation. An important means of MIKE is the formal and ....

Schreiber, G., Wielinga, B., Akkermans, H., Van de Velde, W. & de Hoog, R. (1994). CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, vol 9, no 6.

....knowledge based system, however, providing a very limited querying and inference interface at its current state. In the area of knowledge based systems ontologies have been developed for structuring and reusing large bodies of knowledge (cf. CYC [Lenat, 1995] KIF Ontolingua [KIF] and CommonKADS [Schreiber et al. 1994]) Ontologies are consensual and formal specification of a vocabulary used to describe a specific domain. Frame based languages enriched by logical axioms are often used to formulate them (cf. LOOM [MacGregor, Introduction 2 1990] and Frame Logic [Kifer et al. 1995] Roughly, ontologies ....

G. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

....fit to each other and to the specific circumstances of the actual problem and knowledge. In the paper, we discuss a conceptual and formal framework for the specification of KBSs composed of reusable building blocks. Our conceptual framework is derived from the CommonKADS model of expertise (see [Schreiber et al. 1994]) because this model has become widely used by the knowledge engineering community. We refined this model to describe KBSs that are built up by combining and adapting different components. The formal techniques applied are based on combining variants of algebraic specification techniques (see ....

....elements. 2. 2 The Problem Solving Method The concept of a problem solving method (PSM) is present in many current knowledgeengineering frameworks (e.g. GENERIC TASKS [Chandrasekaran, 1986] ROLELIMITING METHODS [Marcus, 1988] Puppe, 1993] KADS [Breuker Van de Velde, 1994] and CommonKADS [Schreiber et al. 1994]; the METHOD TO TASK approach [Eriksson et al. 1995] COMPONENTS OF EXPERTISE [Steels, 1990] GDM [Terpstra et al. 1993] MIKE [Angele et al. 1998] Libraries of PSMs are described in [Benjamins, 1995] Breuker Van de Velde, 1994] Chandrasekaran et al. 1992] Motta Zdrahal, 1996] and ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

A. Th. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

....of software architectures can immediately be applied to connect knowledge based components. 5 TASK STRUCTURES: PROBLEM DECOMPOSITION AND SYSTEM INTEGRATION Task structures [Chandrasekaran et al. 1992] Generalized Directive Models (GDM) Terpstra et al. 1993] and KADS inference structures [Schreiber et al. 1994] are different means to decompose a complex task into more tractable subtasks. Such an approach is necessary when the problem cannot be solved by directly available components. In this case the task of the broker becomes more complex. It has to select an appropriate task structure that decomposes ....

A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

....reusable problem definitions, problem solving methods, and adapters. 1 Introduction Problem solving methods (PSMs) are used by most of the current knowledgeengineering frameworks (e.g. Generic Tasks [Chandrasekaran et al. 1992] Configurable Role Limiting Methods [Puppe, 1993] CommonKADS [Schreiber et al. 1994]; the Method To Task approach [Eriksson et al. 1995] Components of Expertise [Steels, 1990] GDM [Terpstra et al. 1993] MIKE [Angele et al. 1996] Libraries of PSMs are described in [Benjamins, 1995] Breuker Van de Velde, 1994] Chandrasekaran et al. 1992] Motta Zdrahal, 1996] and ....

A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

....make with respect to domain knowledge and goal specifications. 1 Introduction The concept of generic problem solving method (PSM) is present in several knowledgeengineering frameworks (e.g. Generic Tasks [Chandrasekaran et al. 1992] Configurable Role Limiting Methods [Puppe, 1993] CommonKADS [Schreiber et al. 1994]; the Method To Task approach [Eriksson et al. 1995] Components of Expertise [Steels, 1990] GDM [Terpstra et al. 1993] MIKE [Angele et al. 1996] In general a PSM describes in a domain independent way which reasoning steps and which types of knowledge are needed to perform a task. Libraries ....

....we look at two fundamental issues associated with PSM specifications: i) the epistemology of the modelling frameworks used to characterise PSMs and ii) the nature of PSM specifications. These issues are discussed below. Reuse centred PSM descriptions Describing PSMs in the style of CommonKADS [Schreiber et al. 1994] requires to specify much of the internal reasoning process of a PSM. In particular, the following descriptions need to be given: 1) the internal reasoning steps of the PSM; 2) the data flows between the reasoning steps; 3) the control that guides the dynamic execution of the internal reasoning ....

A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

....task level 24 6 A simple example 26 7 Technical details 30 7.1 Eager versus lazy inference mechanisms : 30 7.2 Interaction between domain links and role mappings : 30 7. 3 Knowledge revision : 31 7.4 Reification : 31 8 The graphical user interface 36 8.1 Modelling and user interaction : 38 9 Conclusions 41 4 Abstract This report presents E x Claim, a hybrid language for ....

....mechanisms : 30 7.2 Interaction between domain links and role mappings : 30 7.3 Knowledge revision : 31 7. 4 Reification : 31 8 The graphical user interface 36 8.1 Modelling and user interaction : 38 9 Conclusions 41 4 Abstract This report presents E x Claim, a hybrid language for knowledge representation and reasoning. Developed as an operationalization language for ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

Schreiber G., Wielinga B., Akkermans H., Van de Velde W., de Hoog R. CommonKADS. A comprehensive methodology for KBS development. Report KADS-II/M1/PP/UvA/70/2.0, University of Amsterdam, 1994.

.... 19 of 73 mechanisms [63] etc; e.g. abstract and hypothesis in Figure 14) KL B is the major focus of much of the KA community: e.g. generic tasks [17] configurable role limiting methods [44, 113] SPARK BURN FIREFIGHTER here 310 after, SBF [63] model construction operators [22] CommonKADS [102, 120]; the Method To Task approach [35] components of expertise [112] MIKE [2] Libraries of PSMs are described in [5, 10,17,77,114] See the Related Work section of [120] for a discussion of the differences in some of these techniques. In the terminology of this paper, the KL B PSM research focuses ....

A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog. CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development. IEEE Expert, 9(6):28--37, 1994.

.... been developed (cf. Marcus, 1988] Chandrasekaran et al. 1992] Puppe, 1993] Breuker van de Velde, 1994] Benjamins, 1995] Musen 1998] and [Motta, 1999] and a number of problem solving method specification languages have been 205 proposed, ranging from informal notations (e.g. CML [Schreiber et al. 1994]) to formal modeling languages (see [Fensel van Harmelen, 1994] Fensel, 1995] Gomez Perez Benjamins, 1999] for summaries) Ontologies and PSMs provide the components which need to be combined by the IBROW broker to configure a particular knowledge system on the Web. As a central ....

A. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. Akkermans, W. van de Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28-37, 1994.

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Schrieber, G., Wielinga, B.; Akkermans, H., Van de Velde, W., de Hoog, R.: A comprehensive methodology for KBS development. IEEE Expert, October 1994.

....architectural constraints, development guidelines, and tools provided by UPML. Our focus is hereby on the meta ontology that has been developed to formalize the architectural structure and elements of UPML. 1 Introduction Problem solving methods (PSMs) for knowledge based systems (KBSs) cf. [Schreiber et al. 1994]; Benjamins Fensel, 1998] decompose the reasoning task of a KBS in a number of subtasks and inference actions that are connected by knowledge roles. Several problem solving method libraries are now available [Breuker van de Velde, 1994] Motta Zdrahal, 1998] The IBROW project [Benjamins ....

....can be used to browse and query such descriptions. In addition, the IBROW broker matches user requirements with knowledge components specified in UPML and supports their distributed execution. Related Work UPML is close in spirit to CML which has been developed in the CommonKADS project (cf. [Schreiber et al. 1994]) CML provides a layered conceptual model of KBS by distinguishing between domain, inference, and task layers according to the CommonKADS model of expertise. UPML took this model as a starting point, but refined it according to the component oriented style of software architectures. UPML ....

A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

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G. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, R. de Hoog, H. Akkermans, and W. Van de Velde. CommonKADS, a comprehensive methodology for KBS development. IEEE Expert 9 (1994)

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G. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, R. de Hoog, H. Akkermans, and W. Van de Velde: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, vol 9(6), 1994.

No context found.

G. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, R. de Hoog, H. Akkermans, and W. Van de Velde: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, vol 9(6), 1994.

No context found.

A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

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A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28--- 6 37, 1994.

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A. TH. Schreiber, B. Wielinga, J. M. Akkermans, W. Van De Velde, and R. de Hoog: CommonKADS. A Comprehensive Methodology for KBS Development, IEEE Expert, 9(6):28---37, 1994.

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