J. Lee, "SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System," To appear in P. Winston and S. Shellard (eds.), Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, (1990).  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....(IBIS) in the Urban Planning domain [15] This quadrant also includes systems catering to the reusable software engineering domain. For example, Potts and Bruns Model [26]# Conklin and Begeman s Graphical Issue Based Information System (gIBIS) 5]# Lee s Design Representation Language (DRL) [16]. Gruber et al. s SHADE [10] system is an example of a design rationale capture system in the mechanical engineering domain for multiple designers, but providing passive computer only. A similar example in the Civil and Construction engineering domain include Favela et al. s CADS [6] It is ....

J. Lee. SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System. In P. Winston and S. Shellard, editor, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers,chapter 5, pages 104--133. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990.

....a user must be able to specify alternate graphic renderings of the same structure. For example, a user might want to see arguments about design options and criteria as a matrix at the same time as the information is shown as a dependency tree (see MacLean et al. s QOC [MacL91] or Lee s SIBYL [Lee90]) 5) To use combinations of methodologies in a single task (as in Streitz s activity spaces [Stre89] a user must be able to compose knowledge structuring schemes. For example, a task that requires both issue structuring and argumentation might combine an IBIS Issue PositionArgument model and a ....

Lee, J. "SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System," to appear in Draft of: August 28,

....They are best seen as complementary, both contributing to an evolving comprehensive framework for dealing with non functional requirements. Two sources of ideas were particularly influential on our work. The first involves recent work on decision support systems, such as that described in [28, 29] and [19] Lee s work, for example, adopts an earlier model for representing design rationale [38] and extends it by making explicit the goals presupposed by arguments. The work reported here can be seen as an attempt to adopt this model to the representation and use of non functional ....

....in 19 response time. 5 Conclusions The main contribution of this research is that it offers a concrete framework for integrating non functional requirements into the software development process, at least for information systems. In tackling this task, our research extends earlier work by Lee [28, 29] and [38, 14] The framework is still under refinement and a prototype implementation is under way, intended to provide a vehicle for more thorough testing and for gaining experience with the framework s strengths and weaknesses. Much remains to be done with this work. Firstly, the framework ....

J. Lee, "SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System," in Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, vol. 1, P. H. Winston and S. A. Shellard, Eds. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1990, pp. 105--133.

.... as applied to organizational work, e.g. Croft88] The NFR model is an application of a framework originally designed for dealing with non functional requirements in software engineering [Chung93] which is based on ideas from argumentation, design rationale, and decision support, e.g. Lee90] Earlier versions of portions of this framework have been presented in the context of requirements engineering [Yu93a] business process reengineering [Yu93c] Yu93d] and understanding the organizational impact of information systems [Yu93b] The framework has also been applied to software ....

J. Lee, SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, P. Winston, ed., with S. Shellard, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, June 1990.

....applied to social studies tend to be deductive and rationalistic. Such model are difficult to accommodate multiple perspective reasoning. Models of argumentation have been adapted for use in software engineering to capture arguments about design alternatives and to support decision making [29] [21]. 8] and [27] has further specialized these frameworks by making the distinction between functional and non functional goals, and by incorporating a notion of satisficing. The Issue Argumentation model in the proposed framework is an application of a subset of the Non Functional Requirements ....

J. Lee, SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, P. Winston, ed., with S. Shellard, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, June 1990.

....The goal is to design an ontology which is simple enough to understand without being simplistic, yet expressive enough that most researchers can represent the key claims made in most documents. More elaborate argumentation schemes have been proposed for computer supported argumentation (e.g. [26], 34] 38] 40] but our analysis of this literature shows little evidence of successful uptake (see discussion) The ScholOnto scheme therefore supports argumentation in relatively simple terms (supports, raises issues with, and refutes) to make it as easy as possible to add an argumentation ....

Lee, J. SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System. In Artificial intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, Winston, P. and Shellard, S., (Ed.), MIT Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1990, pp. 105-133

.... Notebook Bradley Agogino, 1991 Garcia Howard, 1992 Fischer et al. 1989 Casotto et al. 1990 Rossignac et al. 1988 Ganeshan et al. 1991 Lu et al. 1990 Klein, 1992 Sycara, 1990 Brown, 1985 Lander Lesser, 1989 Kunz Rittel, 1970 Conklin Begeman, 1988 Potts Bruns, 1988 Lee, 1990 Favela et al. 1993 Grubber et al. 1992 Toulmin, 1958 Fraser Hipel, 1988 Anandalingam, 1988 Anson Jelassi, 1990 Computer Supported Y X Z Figure 1. Comparison of Design Rationale research efforts researchers in different application areas ranging from discourse (Toumlin, 1958) ....

.... Toulmin s Model (Toumlin, 1958) Kunz and Rittel s Issue Based Information System (IBIS) Kunz et al. 1970) Potts and Bruns Model (Potts et al. 1988) Conklin and Begeman s Graphical Issue Based Information System (gIBIS) Conklin et al. 1988) Lee s Design Representation Language (DRL) (Lee, 1990); and Gruber et al. s SHADE (Gruber et al. 1992) and Favela et al. s CADS (Favela et al. 1993) It is important to note in this quadrant the ontology used by these systems. Their ontology lacks a representation and a structure for the process and the product as they evolve. Missing is the ....

J. Lee :1990. SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System, in P. Winston and S. Shellard (eds), Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, MIT Press, 1990, pp 104-133.

....not only computer decisions but also decisions made by designers to override computer decisions or to suggest courses of action not anticipated by the computer. 3 Pe na Mora and Vadhavkar Multiple Single Designer s Notebook Bradley Agogino, 1991 Garcia Howard, 1992 Fischer et al. 1989 Casotto et al. 1990 Rossignac et al. 1988 Ganeshan et al. 1991 Lu et al. 1990 Klein, 1992 Kunz Rittel, 1970 Conklin Begeman, 1988 Lee, 1990 Favela et al. 1993 Grubber et al. 1992 Toulmin, 1958 Z Designers Nierstrasz, 1993 Luqi, 1992 Potts and Bruns, 1988 Design Rationale Reuse Isakowitz et ....

....notebook which represents the notes taken by the designer during the design process. This documentis usually private and manually developed usually in the form of emails or notes taken during design reviews. It also has Rossignac et al. s MAMOUR #Rossignac et al. 1988# and Cassotto et al. s VOV #Casotto et al. 1990# whichkeep a trace of the design as it evolves, but leave the design intent implicit in the trace. The idea behind these systems is that a sequence of transformations represents the design and captures some of the designer s intent. Here, the transformations are operations performed on a model, ....

CA. #Lee, 1990# Lee, J. #1990#. SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System. In P. Winston and S. Shellard, editor, Arti#cial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers,chapter 5, pages 104#133. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

....and in section 5 we make some concluding remarks and present directions for our future work. 2. A new logic based approach 2. 1 Experience We have been experimenting with software deliberation representation in the phase of design, using qualitative prototypes of existing data models [Potts88] [Lee90], Lee91] Conklin88] Vesc95] Our experimentation has been done on the design of three software applications: a small sized text formatter developed for illustrative purposes, a medium scale document manager, and a large scale technical construction cost estimation application. We came out ....

....assumption is wider than a single evolution problem; however, an assumption could also be used as a reasoning element at the application specific level as shown in Figure 2. With respect to this classification, current approaches provide reasoning support at the application specific level [Potts88][Lee90][Arango93] and only partially embody the notion of assumption [Ramesh92] as a reasoning element. 2.3 Requirements from a data model Based on the discussion so far, we present several requirements from a model that will be used to capture deliberations in software evolution. Software life cycle ....

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Lee, Jintae, SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, Winston and Shellard, editors, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, Vol 1, Ch. 5, 1990.

....computational services, but leaving the document texts to express the details and nuances of an author s argument. This minimizes the effort required to submit a document description. Numerous more elaborate argumentation schemes have been proposed for computer supported argumentation (e.g. [37], 49] 54] 8 [56] but our analysis of this literature shows usability and literacy obstacles to their successful uptake (see discussion) 1 Moreover, whilst rigorous and carefully maintained argumentation networks enable more powerful computational analysis (a primary motivation for ....

Lee, J. SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System. In Artificial intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, Winston, P. and Shellard, S., (Ed.), MIT Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1990, pp. 105-133

....decision) the resulting record is much easier to index and search. Importantly, the simple ontology works when the instances are interpretable by humans, as with textual and graphical annotation. This is the level of ontological commitment of collaboration tools such as gIBIS [3, 4] and SYBIL [22, 24], which support documentation of group deliberation and decision making based on a simple ontology. With a commitment to a rich ontology of formally represented design knowledge, the relevance of new information to expressions of interest can be inferred, rather than just matched. In addition, if ....

Jintae Lee. Sibyl: A qualitative decision management system. In P. Winston and S. Shellard, editors, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers. MIT Press, 1990.

....a number of arguments that support it or object to it. It is the underlying model of a hypertext system called gIBIS [Con88] which facilitates and encourages the capture of deliberations. gIBIS is a general tool independent of any application domain. Some other models, such as QOC [MaL91] and DRL [Lee90], were also suggested in the field of Design Rationale for the capture and use of the rationale provided during deliberation in design activities. Both Conversation for Possibilities and the IBIS model are based on the same underlying theoretical foundation known as Toulmin s argumentation theory ....

J. Lee. SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System. In P. Winston & S. Shellard (Eds.), Artificial intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers vol. 1 (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990) 104-133.

....1111 for implementation and not goal G 1112 . The issue of goal influencing has been studied in the context of non functional requirements by [MCB92, Chu93] and their methodology and algorithms are directly applicable to our case. In this context the issue of decision rationale is also important [Lee90] For every choice among alternatives that we make, our decision rationale must be recorded explicitly so it can guide future changes to the developed process. To achieve this we use an issue argumentation model in the spirit of [Lee90] and [YM94b] We omit the details of this model due to ....

....context the issue of decision rationale is also important [Lee90] For every choice among alternatives that we make, our decision rationale must be recorded explicitly so it can guide future changes to the developed process. To achieve this we use an issue argumentation model in the spirit of [Lee90] and [YM94b] We omit the details of this model due to limited space. Let us now consider goal G 13 . This goal can be AND decomposed into the following subgoals: ffl G 131 : All correspondence with applicants is promptly handled by a member of administrative staff. ffl G 132 : Applications ....

J. Lee. SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System. In P.H. Winston and S.A Shellard, editors, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, volume 1, pages 105-- 133. MIT Press, 1990.

....not goal G 1112 . The issue of goal influencing has been studied in the context of non functional requirements by [ Mylopoulos et al. 1992; Chung, 1993 ] and their methodology and algorithms are directly applicable to our case. In this context the issue of decision rationale is also important [ Lee, 1990 ] For every choice among alternatives that we make, our decision rationale must be recorded explicitly so it can guide future changes to the developed process. To achieve this we use an issueargumentation model in the spirit of [ Lee, 1990 ] and [ Yu and Mylopoulos, 1994b ] We omit the ....

....the issue of decision rationale is also important [ Lee, 1990 ] For every choice among alternatives that we make, our decision rationale must be recorded explicitly so it can guide future changes to the developed process. To achieve this we use an issueargumentation model in the spirit of [ Lee, 1990 ] and [ Yu and Mylopoulos, 1994b ] We omit the details of this model due to limited space. Let us now consider goal G 13 . This goal can be AND decomposed into the following subgoals: ffl G 131 : All correspondence with applicants is promptly handled by a member of administrative staff. ffl G ....

J. Lee. SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System. In P.H. Winston and S.A Shellard, editors, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, volume 1, pages 105--133. MIT Press, 1990.

....in his article No Silver Bullets [1] significant gains in software productivity are likely to be based on tools for aiding organization and design rather than traditional software engineering approaches. Research in the area of design rationale and models of argumentation and their support [10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23] can be applied to meet such a challenge. The primary focus of most of these models have been the recording of the design decisions and their rationale. To facilitate such recording, the models typically make distinctions on the issue (topic goal question) focusing the decision, the options ....

. J. Lee, "SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System," in Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, P. Winston and S. Shellard, eds., MIT Press, 1990, pp. 106-133.

....there seems to be some criteria for user friendliness that a large number of people tend to agree with. Such criteria, among other things, usually include: 11 promptness no undue delay in accepting information items and responding to requests (which 10 From management perspective, [Lee90] considers the goal of minimizing some system cost, expressed as MinimizeCost. 11 For instance, Nielsen90] describes nine usability heuristics for user interface. would be related to system load and performance that may necessitate the use of multiple processors, faster disk drivers with ....

Jintae Lee, SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System, P. H. Winston and S. A. Shellard (eds.), Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, Volume 1, Pp. 105 -- 133, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1990.

.... support falls into the category of structured languageaction systems exemplified by Flores and Winograd s Coordinator [Flores et al. 1988] The initial NGPSS approach is aimed at providing more structure than the Coordinator, but not as much as attempted in gIBIS [Conklin Begeman, 1988] SIBYL [Lee, 1990], and REMAP [Ramesh Dhar, 1992] which have difficulties in scaling up to large systems. The NGPSS degree of automation is roughly similar to that of Object Lens [Lai et al. 1988] which brought attention to task coordination through rule based processing of structured email messages; and ISHYS ....

. J. Lee, "SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System," in Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, P. Winston and S. Shellard, eds., MIT Press, 1990, pp. 106-133.

.... support falls into the category of structured languageaction systems exemplified by Flores and Winograd s Coordinator [Flores et al. 1988] The initial WinWin approach is aimed at providing more structure than the Coordinator, but not as much as attempted in gIBIS [Conklin Begeman, 1988] SIBYL [Lee, 1990], and REMAP [Ramesh Dhar, 1992] which have difficulties in scaling up to large systems. The WinWin degree of automation is roughly similar to that of Object Lens [Lai et al. 1988] which brought attention to task coordination through rule based processing of structured email messages; and ISHYS ....

. J. Lee, "SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System," in Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, P. Winston and S. Shellard, eds., MIT Press, 1990, pp. 106-133.

.... ideas from a number of areas: requirements modelling in IS development (e.g. 11] agent modelling in AI (e.g. 5] organizational task mod elling and work support (e.g. 6] and frameworks for argumentation, decision and design rationales support, and qualitative reasoning (e.g. [16, 22]) The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the Actor Dependency model, and how goals and rules lead to alternate designs. Section 3 describes the Issue Argumentation model, and how methods and correlation rules lead to an argumentation structure. Section 4 explains in greater detail ....

....the quality of a reengineering effort. We adopt an Issue Argumentation (IA) model to support reasoning about process redesign. An IA model is a network of assertions (issues) linked by reasons (arguments) It is a reasoning structure which shows the relationships among a set of issues. Following [16], we interpret issues as goals. Issues are pursued until acceptable solutions are found. In the context of organization design, the solutions are organizational configurations, i.e. actor dependency structures. Since design issues in organization design often do not have precise, formal ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

J. Lee, SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, P. Winston, ed., with S. Shellard, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, June 1990.

.... a better understanding of the issues involved [Conklin Yakemovic 91] MacLean et al. list two major benefits from design rationale representation [MacLean et al. 91] ffl aid to reasoning ffl aid to communication Examples of design rationale implementations include: QOC [MacLean et al. 91] DRL [Lee 90] g IBIS [Conklin Begeman 88] We use QOC as an example to draw comparisons between DR and planning. QOC can be characterised as a node arc graph where the nodes are Questions, Options, and Criteria. The meaning of the arcs depends on which nodes are being linked. Questions are essentially ....

J. Lee. Sibyl: A qualitative decision management system. In P.H. Winston and S. Shellard, editors, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, pages 104--133. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990.

....or group memories. These can be clustered into several groups: a. One group of these memories moves present day, documentbased memory that is cumbersome or informal into computer systems. Capturing design rationale on paper tends to be cumbersome; systems to augment this memory include [13] and [21]. Efforts to capture informal communications include bulletin board archives and Answer Garden [3] b. Another group attempts to augment organizational memory by facilitating access to organizational members (expertise sharing applications) Examples include Answer Garden [3] and various Lotus ....

Lee, J. SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System. Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers. Winston and Shellard ed. MIT Press, 1990.

No context found.

J. Lee, "SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System," To appear in P. Winston and S. Shellard (eds.), Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers. MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, (1990).

No context found.

J. Lee. SIBYL: A qualitative decision management system. In P. H. Winston and S. A. Shellard, editors, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, volume 1, pages 105-- 133. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990.

No context found.

Lee, J., "SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System", In Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, Edited by P. Winston and S. Shellard, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1990.

No context found.

J. Lee. SIBYL: A Qualitative Decision Management System. In P.H. Winston and S.A Shellard, editors, Artificial Intelligence at MIT: Expanding Frontiers, Vol. 1, pages 105-133. MIT Press, 1990.

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