| Hanke, J. E., and Reitsch, A. G. Business Forecasting, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, Needham Heights, MA, 1989. |
....ff, fi, and fl are smoothing constants such that 0 ff; fi; fl 1. The calculation of the initial estimates b 1 (0) b 2 (0) and c t ; t = 1; L can be done from historical data using a least squares linear regression [47] Other researchers such as Lewis [40] and Hanke and Reitsch [26] suggest simpler methods. Once the initial estimates are computed, the model is used with no further need to reference the historical data. The smoothing constants ff, fi, and fl are determined heuristically by the model developer. Smaller values for the smoothing constants give more weight to ....
Hanke, J. E., and Reitsch, A. G. Business Forecasting, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, Needham Heights, MA, 1989.
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