Malone, T.W., Grant, K.R., and Turbak, F.A. "The information lens: An intelligent system for information sharing in organizations." Proceeding of the SIGCHI Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1--8, 1986.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....and exposure to a novel pathogen can elicit the response primed by a related pathogen. The term information filtering refers to a large range of techniques used to remove data from an incoming stream on the basis of user or group specified preferences [5] Early approaches used simple rules [41] or signatures (e.g. keywords) to identify undesirable data to block. These approaches are still popular, and many commercial products, such as Cyberpatrol [14] for web content, Snort [55] for network tra#c, and the Realtime Blackhole List [53] and Brightmail [9] for e mail, come with long lists ....

T. W. Malone, K. R. Grant, and F. A. Turbak, "The Information Lens: An intelligent system for information sharing in organizations," in M. Mantei and P. Orbeton (eds.), Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 1986), pp. 1--8, ACM Press, New York, 1986.

....and find them by rummaging or searching through folders. An alternative is to allow a user to retrieve messages dy namically using both associated attributes (e.g. folder, keywords, new message status) and message header fields. These ideas have been pursued in Babar[15] the Information Lens 13] and database oriented mail systems. The InfoGrid interaction model can also be applied to the desktop. The desktop metaphor interaction Figure 7: Interaction model for InfoGrid. This model refines the Rooms notion of user task by adding an information access component that supports stor ....

T.W. Malone, K.R. Grant, and F.A. Turbak. The information lens: An intelligent system for information sharing in organizations. In Proceedings SIGCHI '86: Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 18. ACM, April 1986.

....and exposure to a novel pathogen can elicit the response primed by a related pathogen. The term information ltering refers to a large range of techniques used to remove data from an incoming stream on the basis of user or group speci ed preferences [2] Early approaches used simple rules [30] or signatures (e.g. keywords) to identify undesirable data to block. These approaches are still popular, and many commercial products, such as Cyberpatrol [9] for web content and the Realtime Blackhole List [41] and Brightmail [6] for e mail, come with long lists of rules and signatures, which ....

T. W. Malone, K. R. Grant, and F. A. Turbak. The Information Lens: An intelligent system for information sharing in organizations. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 1986.

.... a conceptual world into itself. Moran s analysis shows that in the process of design certain conceptual mismatches arise between the system s internal representations and the external reality of tasks and their specifications in the user s domain of interest. The Information Lens This system [9] addressed the overload problem in the domain of electronic mail. There are differences between the news and mail domains. For example, mail message senders must specify a finite list of recipients and usually know who these people are. News message senders, however, know very little or nothing ....

....space, 2) support for conversations, 3) filtering methods for personalization, and (4) agents assisting in analyzing user behavior. An important aspect of INFOSCOPE is that it operates on top of the Usenet system. INFOSCOPE can also be viewed as an extension to parts of the INFORMATION LENS [9]. While INFOSCOPE does not include a set of template types, it augments the users ability to define filters by introducing agents that help create more effective filters. The techniques used can extend systems like the INFORMATION LENS because those systems require non trivial amounts of effort ....

Malone, T. W.; Grant, K. R.; Turbak, F. A.; The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing in Organizations; In Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI'86 Conference Proceedings (Boston, MA); ACM: New York, 1986; pp 1-8.

....can take the form of highlighting items of high importance or deleting items that are not considered relevant. Even though the term filtering has a literal connotation of leaving things out, we use it here in a more general sense that includes selecting things from a larger set of possibilities [MGT 87, p. 390]. 1.1.1.1 Information filtering versus related research areas IF is similar to information retrieval (IR) in several ways [Koc74, Sal83] Both approaches involve the same basic components, the same flows of information, and can be accomplished with a very similar architecture [BC92] The ....

....Denning did not implement this concept (it may be actually implemented as a rule based system or using a different technique) but the functionality he suggested can be found in several rule based systems that were built in the following years. The Information Lens is one of these systems [MGT86, MGT 87, MMC 89] User profiles in this mail filtering system contain so called production rules of the type If Boolean expression over object properties then action . User profiles consist of collections of such rules. Extending Denning s design, the Boolean expressions can also take the ....

T.W. Malone, K.R. Grant, and F.A. Turbak. The Information Lens: an intelligent system for information sharing in organizations. In Proceedings of the

....exchange among the participants. It has been suggested that messages should be organized in a structured way to achieve efficiency [14] That is, protocols must be designed to differentiate 2 cooperative information from those of little relevance, e.g. the cognitive filtering in Information Lens [15] and the semi automatic agents in Object Lens [16] The second requirement is the provision of mechanisms for information sharing and cooperation [8] Most CSCW environments stress the need for the distinction of public and private information. However, as described in [17] information to be used ....

....mention something about chemical reaction. The result of the query may be used for finer search until the needed information is found, or it may be used to define a view (see below) for the user to focus his her attention. This functionality is similar to what is provided by the Information Lens [15] and the Object Lens [16] It is potentially important for new members to define his her work scope. CHEMICAL COMPOUND CHEMICAL REACTIONS ORGANIC NONORGANIC . BELONGS TO IS A Organizational Structure Semantic Structure Figure 2: An Example Semantic Network Finally, it is interesting ....

T. W. Malone, K. R. Grant, and F. A. Turbak. "The Information Lens: an Intelligent System for Information Sharing in Organization". In Proc. of the ACM Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference, pages 1--8, Boston, MA, 1986.

....set of possible rooms. The seminar abstract would be an example of an unstructured text field. Another example of a semi structured message is a request for action that includes a deadline field. Several advantages occur when structure is made explicit (Lai and Malone, 1988; Malone et al. 1987; Malone, Grant and Turbak, 1986). Computers can process structured fields more easily than free text fields. For example, unread notices about seminars that have already taken place may be removed automatically, and messages passing some specified criteria may be placed in different folders. The system may fill in default ....

....includes a deadline slot, the composer will be more likely to use it than if he was composing a completely unstructured message. One example of a semi structured messaging system is Object Lens (Lai and Malone, 1988) a second generation version of Malone s fairly well known Information Lens (Malone et al. 1986). Object Lens contains two fundamental ideas. First, passive information can be represented as semi structured objects, where each object is defined as part of an inheritance hierarchy. Consider the added structure as one specializes through the following hierarchy branch: Thing Message ....

Malone, T. W., Grant, K. R. and Turbak, F. A. (1986) "The Information Lens: An Intelligent system for information sharing in organizations." In Proceeding of the SIGCHI Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1-8, Boston, Mass, April 13-17, Association for Computing Machinery.

.... among the participants and it has been suggested that messages should be organized in a structured way to achieve efficiency [12] That is, protocols must be designed to discriminate between cooperation information and messages of little relevance, e.g. the cognitive filtering in Information Lens [13] and the semi automatic agents in Object Lens [14] A second fundamental requirement is the provision of mechanisms for information sharing and cooperation [15] It has been argued that information to be used in cooperative work needs to be taken out of the limit of a personal wall , thus all ....

....the semantic network and the search facility, users may compose queries to locate all nodes that satisfy a certain condition. The result of the query may also be used for a finer search until the needed information is found. This functionality is similar to what is provided by the Information Lens [13] and the Object Lens [14] CHEMICAL COMPOUND CHEMICAL REACTIONS ORGANIC NONORGANIC BELONGS TO IS A Organizational Structure Semantic Structure Figure 2: An Example Semantic Network Finally, it is interesting to note that the hypertext solution in Quilt [24] ForComment [25] rIBIS [26] ....

T. W. Malone, K. R. Grant, and F. A. Turbak. "The Information Lens: an Intelligent System for Information Sharing in Organization". In Proc. of the ACM Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference, pages 1--8, Boston, MA, 1986.

....further constrain a search for an object by conjoining different keys. To find all instances of a particular set of classes created by a particular group of users before a particular date, for example. Such a mechanism has been shown to be useful for filtering and categorising E mail messages [Malone 86a, Lai 88] An advantage of OODBs openness to schema evolution is that users design and refine browsing tools tailored to their requirements. As currently implemented, browsers focussing on conjunctions of object characteristics such as attribute names and values are definable using the ....

....rather than a static set of help documentation. 8.2.4 Application Generation As well as providing a useful structure through which applications and users may communicate, dynamic forms are capable of capturing the semantics of object class (and therefore form type) definitions. The information [Malone 86a] and object [Lai 88] Lens systems have demonstrated the ability of form based user interface systems to 153 provide high level application generation facilities for tailoring group communication systems. The form editor tool described in chapter 6 demonstrates the ability to define new object ....

Malone, T.W., Grant, K.R., Turbak, F.A.: 'The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing in Organisations'. Proceedings of CHI'86, pp 1 - 8, April 1986. 163

....Atlantic, collaboration . This allows the organization of knowledge to evolve over time as the group itself evolves. The Knowledge Depot uses the same type of privacy mechanism as the Information Lens: information does not become publicly available unless explicitly emailed to a special user name (Malone et al. 1989). The Information Lens used the account Anyone to determine which knowledge should be publicly distributed, while Knowledge Depot uses a mail account named after the group to capture mail that is to be archived in the group memory. Although the Depot focuses on email, it can also process ....

Malone, T. W., Grant, K. R., Lai, K.-Y., Rao, R., & Rosenblitt, D. A. The Information Lens: An Intelligent System For Information Sharing And Coordination, in M. H. Olson (Ed.), Technological Support for Work Group Collaboration, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ,1989, pages 65-88.

....Table 7: COMMONKADS Communication Model construction guidelines. Clearly, our approach incorporates many advances due to other work. In particular, this holds for notions such as message typing, well known from agent software [Finin et al. 1997; Haddadi, 22 1996] but also from CSCW, e.g. [Malone et al. 1993]. The idea of our work, however, has not been so much to advance the contents of agent communication specification, but to improve the state of the art in terms of a structured analysis process. This aspect of structured process methodology is still lacking also in the agent software area. Here, ....

Th.W. Malone et al.: The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing and Coordination, in R.M. Baecker (Ed.): Readings in Groupware and Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, pages 461--473, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1993.

....direction [Glaser, 1996; Jonker and Treur, 1997] are only very recent. Clearly, our approach incorporates many advances due to other work. In particular, this holds for notions such as message typing, well known from agent software [Finin et al. 1997; Haddadi, 1996] but also from CSCW, e.g. [Malone et al. 1993]. The idea of our work, however, has not been so much to advance the contents of agent communication specification, but to improve the state of the art in terms of a structured analysis process. Here, we have shown how to do this in a stepwise fashion. Also, we have indicated a number of simple ....

Th.W. Malone et al.: The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing and Coordination, in R.M. Baecker (Ed.): Readings in Groupware and Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, pages 461-- 473, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1993.

....explored in a reasonable amount of time; it is a salesman knocking at the door, an old friend calling to ask a favor, and myriad nameless addresses petitioning for one s time. 23 2.4. 1 Information Lens One of the earliest attempts to filter electronic mail, Information Lens [Malone et al. 1987, Malone et al. 1989] relied on user authored rules to filter out unimportant messages. Instead of sending messages to their recipients directly, users targeted communications at the Anyone server, which then processed the messages and redirected them where intended. Extra fields could be added to the message header ....

T. Malone, R. Grannat, K-Y. Lai, R. Rao, and D. Rosenblitt. "The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing and Coordination." Technological Support for Work Group Collaboration, M. Olson (ed), 1989.

....is augmented by using special communication structures, e.g. dervied from the theory of speech acts [53] or by adding intelligence to the message system to automatically route incoming messages into specific folders. Well known messages systems include e.g. Coordinator [53] InformationLens [30], Domino [29] and Cosmos [52] Workflow Management Systems (cf. 11] 34] 5] are the todays most popular representatives of messages systems. Conferencing Systems provide three different conferencing styles to the users, namely Real Time Computer Conferencing, Computer Teleconferencing, and ....

Thomas W. Malone, Kenneth R. Grant, and Franklyn A. Turbak. The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing in Organizations. In CHI/GI Proceedings `86, pages 1--8. ACM Press, 1986.

....in the header (e.g. to: from: etc. or contents parts. The use of filters aims at reducing the user effort in the identification of messages for later processing (e.g. classification, deletion, etc. 24] Filtering can be triggered automatically for incoming messages. In most mail tools [27, 9, 18, 25, 23, 14, 30, 28, 29, 8, 22], automatic processing is implemented using rules. A rule is composed of a selection part, which describes a filter, and an action part, which defines a set of procedures to be applied to the set of filtered messages. Rules are triggered by system events, such as incoming mail, enabling the ....

.... processing of messages (e.g. automatic deletion or classification) Rule based tools such as ISCREEN [25] Tapestry [29] Procmail [8] ELM [28] and MailFilter [30] are based on semi structured messages, i.e. messages divided into a header part and a contents part (free text) Information Lens [27, 23, 22], Object Lens [18] Andrew Message System [9] and PAGES [15] are examples of systems based on structured messages, which have their contents part further divided into a number of pre defined fields, defining a message template. Structured messages are normally associated to classes or types, and ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

MALONE, T.; et al. The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing and Coordination. In: Technological Support for Work Group Collaboration, pp. 65-88, by M.H.Olson, 1989, Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrenc Erlbaum.

....which filters all messages coming from john and which have the word SBBD in its contents. It is not reported in [GOL 92] the use of TQL for searching messages in the user mailbox. To increase the expression power of filters, some works propose the use of structured messages [LAI88] MAL87][MAL89], i.e. messages of which the contents part follows a rigid template composed of a number of pre defined fields. The use of structured messages makes the process of message identification easier, since their pre defined fields can be used to construct more precise and reliable filters ....

....i.e. messages of which the contents part follows a rigid template composed of a number of pre defined fields. The use of structured messages makes the process of message identification easier, since their pre defined fields can be used to construct more precise and reliable filters [MAL89][BOR91] However, the adoption of structured messages becomes awkward in environments where the information exchanged cannot be easily standardized, or when communication among heterogeneous systems is required, since they may not recognize each other s type system, if they recognize any type ....

MALONE, T.; et al. The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing and Coordination. In: Technological Support for Work Group Collaboration, pp. 65-88, by M.H.Olson, 1989, Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum.

....of messages the folder represents. Second, the retrieval language puts forward the foundations enabling mail systems to be treated as real information systems, where information can be easily be located and retrieved. In contrast to existing mail systems, either commercial [LAQ92] or experimental [BOR 91, NIC92, GOL92, MAL87, MAL89, LAI88, POL88, MAE94, EGL93, BER94, TAY92, POL88, WYL92], the retrieval facilities are not limited to the location and retrieval of messages, but enables to easily retrieve information about messages and or classification structures. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, current approached for dealing with the problem of ....

....in the header (e.g. to: from: etc. or contents parts. The use of filters aims at reducing the user effort in the identification of messages for later processing (e.g. classification, deletion, etc. PAL95] Filtering can be triggered automatically for incoming messages. In most mail tools [ROB91, BOR91, LAI88, POL88, MAL89, GOL92, WYL92, TAY92, TER92, BER94, MAL87], automatic processing is implemented using rules. A rule is composed of a selection part, which describes a filter, and an action part, which defines a set of procedures to be applied to the set of filtered messages. Rules are triggered by system events, such as incoming mail, enabling the ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

MALONE, T.; et al. The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing and Coordination. In: Technological Support for Work Group Collaboration, pp. 65-88, by M.H.Olson, 1989, Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum.

....as E mail provides little in the way of shared environment or task focus. Enhanced asynchronous systems include the Andrew Message System [Borenstein 88] which adds multimedia, bulletin boards, active messages , and incoming message filtering to basic Email functionality. Information Lens [Malone 86, Mackay 89] Object Lens [Lai 88] and Oval [Malone 92] form a sequence of systems that provide computational behaviour and structure to the message objects, allowing the user a high degree of control over the objects. Quilt [Leland 88] and PREP [Neuwirth 90] are asynchronous group editors. 2.1.2. ....

....The Coordinator [Winograd 88, Flores 88] is a system based on speech act theory [Searle 69] Winograd 87] that tracks electronic conversations , enabling participants to request lists 17 of obligations they have to others, obligations others have to them, and deadlines. Information Lens [Malone 86] Object Lens [Lai 88] and Oval [Malone 92] are systems that build upon electronic messaging with structured message types, userprogrammability, and intelligent agents to support coordination among participants. ConversationBuilder [Kaplan 91] builds on Winograd s and Malone s work to provide ....

T.W. Malone, K.R. Grant, F.A. Trubank. "The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing in Organizations." Proceedings of the CHI'86 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Boston Mass., April 1986.

.... emotional agents [12, p1] A pre requisite is the development of broad agents systems that include a broad set of capabilities, including goal directed reactive behaviour, emotional state and behaviour, and some natural language abilities [12, p1] 9 Such a system has been prototyped [92]. 10 Not to be confused with the OZ programming language [69] Towards Agent Based Open Systems While the reviews presented above are by no means exhaustive, they at least indicate that computer scientists and AI researchers with a range of interests, applications, and backgrounds are taking ....

T. W. Malone, K. R. Grant, K.-Y. Lai, R. Rao, and D. A. Rosenblitt. The information lens: An intelligent system for information sharing and coordination. In M. H. Olson, editor, Technological Support for Work Group Collaboration, pages 65--88. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1989.

....that belong to different endeavors. In this case, each task is dealing with a totally different sets of objects, and no interference between them can happen. Example of systems which allow for parallel activities are e mail and coordination systems based on e mail, like the Coordinator, Info Lens [12], etc. Each procedure in an e mail system is strictly sequential: the activity of composing the message, and the activity of reading the message. But, in the system as a whole more than one instance of an activity may be active at the same time: Sousa may be composing a message, while Li Chen is ....

Malone, T.W., Grant, K.R., Turbak, F.A. The Information Lens: An intelligent system for information sharing in organizations. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Human factors in Computing Systems. (1986)

....Stornetta 92] Though synchronous communication via face to face meetings or video tools is certainly important in design, the approach taken here is to focus on the aspects of design which can be enhanced by asynchronous support. 11 Many group communication systems exist [Winograd 1988] [Maloneetal.1986] [Maloneetal.1988] ShepherdMayerKuchinsky 1990] HalaszMoranTrigg 1987] but as mentioned above, the CSCW community generally acknowledges that the only groupware to really have succeeded is electronic mail [Hollan, Stornetta 92; Grudin 92] Two prominent features of email are unstructured text ....

T.W. Malone, K.R. Grant, F.A. Turbak, The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing in Organizations, Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI'86 Conference Proceedings (Boston, MA), ACM, New York, April 1986, pp. 1-8.

No context found.

Malone, T.W., Grant, K.R., and Turbak, F.A. "The information lens: An intelligent system for information sharing in organizations." Proceeding of the SIGCHI Human Factors in Computing Systems, pages 1--8, 1986.

No context found.

T. W. Malone, K. R. Grant, and F. A. Turbak, "The information lens: an intelligent system for information sharing in organizations," in CHI, 1986, pp. 1--8.

No context found.

T. W. Malone, K. R. Grant, and F. A. Turbak. The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing in Organizations. In Proceedings of CHI '86, 1986.

No context found.

T. W. Malone, K. R. Grant, and F. A. Turbak. The Information Lens: An Intelligent System for Information Sharing in Organizations. In Proceedings of CHI '86, 1986.

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