W. Kuhn, "Metaphors Create Theories for Users," in Spatial Information Theory, vol. 716, Lectures Notes in Computer Science, A. Frank and I. Campari, Eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993, pp. 366-376.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

.... [20, 22] and their combinations [19, 35, 39] While these formalisms capture semantics in a mathematically sound way, it has been questioned whether their inferences are cognitively plausible [11, 19] Information systems that generate intuitive answers are better accepted and commonly desired [26, 32]. Studies of spatial commonsense concepts for defining spatial relations have been limited. Models of spatial relations described by linguistics and psychologists are based upon introspection [21, 41] and usually lack the formalism necessary to be used in information systems. In this paper, we ....

W. Kuhn, "Metaphors Create Theories for Users," Spatial Information Theory COSIT '93, A. Frank and I. Campari, eds., Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 716, SpringerVerlag, Berlin, 1993, pp. 366-376.

....base for query optimization. Image schemata are considered good candidates as a foundation for the formal definition of spatial relations. Kuhn has pointed out the importance of 4 image schemata as a tool to build natural (i.e. cognitively sound) user interfaces for GIS (Kuhn and Frank 1991, Kuhn 1993). 3 Specification of Image Schemata Johnson (1987) proposes that people use recurring, imaginative patterns so called image schemata to comprehend and structure their experiences while moving through and interacting with their environment. Image schemata are supposed to be pervasive, ....

W. Kuhn (1993) Metaphors Create Theories for Users. in: A. Frank and I. Campari (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 716, pp. 366-376, Springer.

....and that merely use spatial attributes in task relevant ways. Rather, the most useful information interfaces will target people s natural spatial understanding of information use and at the same time allow people flexibility to create an appropriate metaphorical understanding of the domain (see Kuhn, 1993). For example, Dieberger s (1997) city metaphor for information navigation seems to follow the right approach. In particular, Dieberger carefully balances spatially real interface elements with magic features that break the spatial metaphor. In a sense, magic features provide the user with known ....

Kuhn, W. (1993). Metaphors create theories for users. In A. U. Frank & I. Campari (Eds.) Spatial information theory: A theoretical basis for GIS (COSIT '93). Berlin: SpringerVerlag.

....issues, the absence of context dependencies, or a restricted choice of primitive and derived concepts. In what follows, we relate our approach to insights from metaphors, information theory, and semiotics. 7. 1 Metaphors The knowledge representation framework presented here is related in spirit to Kuhn s (1993) work on the significance of metaphors for the design of GIS user interfaces. Kuhn also points to the fact that most current spatial theories have mathematical rigor and or implementability as primary goals and stresses the need for theories that support users as well. This implies in particular ....

....in particular the ability to provide explanations consistent with the mental models of the domain which users build when interacting with a GIS. Even more, ideally the source domain of the metaphor should generate an appropriate ontology, i.e. a set of concepts appearing at the user level (Kuhn 1993, p. 371) Finding appropriate metaphors for a task domain corresponds in the context of the representation framework to the modeling process. 7.2 Information Theory Our abstract knowledge representation perspective complements in a sense the information theoretical perspective on the design of ....

Kuhn, W. (1993). Metaphors create theories for users. In Frank, A. U. and Campari, I., editors, Spatial Information Theory. A Theoretical Basis for GIS. European Conference, COSIT'93, Marciana Marina, Italy, Volume 716 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 366--376. Springer, Berlin.

....of a stereotype, which can be organized in a hierarchy, with the canonical user on top. The stereotype of a particular user can be built by combining and modifying different stereotypes in the hierarchy. The construction of a mental model must take three factors into consideration [Kuh91, LS92, Kuh93, Gou93, Woo93] the information the user needs, the information the user already has, and the user s ability in deriving new facts from combining new and previously known data. Mental models are used as a basis for defining command execution orders and presentation rules, validating different ....

W. Kuhn. Metaphors Create Theories for Users. In Proc. European Conference in Spatial Information Theory, pages 366--376. Springer Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science 716, 1993.

....the base for query optimization. Image schemata are considered good candidates as a foundation for the formal definition of spatial relations. Kuhn has pointed out the importance of image schemata as a tool to build natural (i.e. cognitively sound) user interfaces for GIS (Kuhn and Frank 1991, Kuhn 1993). 3 Specification of Image Schemata Johnson (1987) proposes that people use recurring, imaginative patterns so called image schemata to comprehend and structure their experiences while moving through and interacting with their environment. Image schemata are supposed to be pervasive, ....

W. Kuhn (1993) Metaphors Create Theories for Users. in: A. Frank and I. Campari (Eds.), Spatial Information Theory. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 716, pp. 366-376, Springer.

.... will answer the questions, how ontologies are used and how they can contribute to the building of better information systems (Kuhn 1992, Mark et al. 1992) This will be mostly done in relation to examples of problems which arise for the users due to the lack of a consistent ontology in the system (Kuhn 1993, Kuhn 1996) Such problems become manifest at the user interface level, where the user is confused by two conflicting ontologies and he has to learn when one and when the other applies. The paper will conclude with a set of recommendations as to how ontologies can be made more useful and how the ....

Kuhn, W. "Metaphors Create Theories for Users." In Spatial Information Theory: Theoretical Basis for GIS, ed. Frank, A.U., and Campari, I. 366-376. 716. Heidelberg-Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1993.

....coverages 3 partition of the attribute domain. The standard operation of merging areas too small to be mapped clearly with their adjoiners will lead to an approximation. Such a formalization is useful for implementing a GIS because a clean theory simplifies the software construction enormously (Kuhn 1993) . This leads to a crisp user interface because the formalization defines what concepts and operations must be visible to the user. These concepts and operations are separable from the artifacts of a specific implementation. If a consistent, compact theory can be found, a conceptual ....

Kuhn, W. "Metaphors Create Theories for Users." In Spatial Information Theory: Theoretical Basis for GIS, ed. Frank, A.U., and Campari, I. 366-376. 716. Heidelberg-Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1993.

....are illustrated by the numerous stories of european Macintosh users having to be taught what a folder is and that the strange striped thing sitting on ( the desktop is a waste basket. A second, more subtle criterion is that a metaphor should create a useful ontology for the user s tasks [14]. The ontology of a user interface is the collection of concepts which a user has to master in order to use the system productively. A careful selection of these concepts is one of the most important steps in the design of a good user interface: a clearly and consciously organized ontology is the ....

Kuhn, W., Metaphors Create Theories for Users, in COSIT'93: Spatial Information Theory, A.U. Frank and I. Campari, Editor. 1993, Springer-Verlag: 366-376.

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W. Kuhn, "Metaphors Create Theories for Users," in Spatial Information Theory, vol. 716, Lectures Notes in Computer Science, A. Frank and I. Campari, Eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993, pp. 366-376.

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Kuhn W.: "Metaphors Create Theories For Users", Proc. COSIT'93, Elba, Sept. 1993, pp. 366-376

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