Brown P.J., Bovey J.D., Chen X., Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace. In IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5) (1997), 58-64  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....positioning systems (e.g. consumer satellite navigation systems) can make dynamic location information available in the same format, for instance, in cars and aircraft. This information can be used to trigger events when other nodes pass, thus opening up all the possibilities described in [6] and [11]. Personal nodes can record location against time and so build up an accurate trace of where the node has been. PDA alarms for meetings can be related to a location and will be given earlier if the PDA is far away, but suppressed if the PDA is heading in the right direction or has arrived at the ....

P. J. Brown, "Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace," IEEE Pers. Commun., this issue.

....developed to display location information to interested users in text [8] or graphical [2] form. Next, follow me applications allow users to work while moving around, an example being desktop teleporting [19] Thirdly, applications can be made location dependent, e.g. the Stick E note system [5] and the Cyberguide project [1] Finally, intelligent environments can be constructed, including interactive desks [16] and walls [18] offices [2] and home environments [6] In addition to the existing applications above, Networked Surfaces can lend themselves to new types of application, in ....

Peter J. Brown, John D. Bovey, and Xian Chen. Context-aware applications: From the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEEPersonal Communications, 4(5):58 64, October 1997.

....in mobile devices. A variety of projects have shown how integration of GPS with mobile computing devices can support new kinds of application. For example, in the stick e notes system GPS is used in conjunction with palm computers to support context based access to shared notes in fieldwork [2,19]. In contrast to approaches based on positioning technology, one of our explicit objectives is to achieve awareness of context that can not be inferred from location. With the use of diverse sensors we further aim at more direct acquisition of multi faceted information from the local environment ....

P.J. Brown, P.D. Bovey and X. Chen, Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace, IEEE Personal Communications 4(5), 1997, pp. 58-64.

....approach, based on a smart environment is described by Schilit et al. 13] Other scenarios are using GPS and RF to determine the users location, e.g. 4] 11] But, as pointed out in [14] context is more than location. We use the term context in a more general way, as also suggested by [2], to describe the environment, situation, state, surroundings, task, and so on. Context is used with a number of different meanings; this is illustrated by the following definitions: Context n 1: discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation [syn: linguistic ....

....in these contexts. In our recent work we found it helpful to use a notation that is human readable as well as easily to process using a computer. We decided to use a markup language that is specified in XML for this purpose. Extending the SGML based description model introduced by Brown in [2], 3] we added two further concepts grouping context with matching attributes and trigger attributes to make the description more expressive and suitable for our projects. Depending on the platform (e.g. context sensing module in a microcontroller) we use a different implementation language. If ....

Brown, P. J., Bovey, J. D., Chen, X. Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, October 1997.

....Through the evaluation of these alternative designs we hope to gain a better understanding of the usability implications of push vs. pull in both this specific domain and in interactive context aware systems in general. 1. Introduction One of the fundamental attributes of context aware systems [1,2] is that they react to not only the user s input but also input (i.e. context) from the user s environment. For example, the classic location aware system utilises location in order to tailor the information presented to the user. The inherent problem with any such system is that designers need to ....

Brown, P.J., Bovey, J.D., Chen, X.: Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the market place. IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 4, No. 5 (1997) 58-64

....and other physical issues such as the user having special needs or disabilities. The field is especially strong in mobile computing and the creation of applications for PDA s. Here the phrase contextaware has become synonymous with applications needing to understand physical and practical contexts [12]. A project at The Future Computing Group at the Georgia Institute of Technology has built a context toolkit of Java classes for use in building context aware applications. Their notion of context is environmental information gathered through sensors. Earlier work on CyberDesk [29] created a ....

P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey, and X. Chen. Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5):58--64, October 1997. 38

....HP CoolTown framework, and we believe that CoolTown could be mapped as a specific instance of our general framework. 4.1. 4 University of Kent Canterbury Stick e notes and Context Information Service The University of Kent Canterbury has built several prototype systems based on stick e notes [4, 5, 73] , including tour guide and field data collection assistants. 36, 53, 54] Stick e notes is a database of information pages, each with a set of context attributes. Each stick e note is attached to one or more particular contexts, e.g. a place or time, and then triggered when the user is in ....

....to one or more particular contexts, e.g. a place or time, and then triggered when the user is in that context. The context is represented as attributes on entities, and the payload of the stick e note may be text or a program. Stick e notes were implemented with an SGML mark up language [5] , which surely has been or soon will be replaced by XML. In addition to a database of notes, the stick e note architecture includes three components: Environment module . Triggering engine . Manager The environment module tracks the context, reading various sensors and updating the ....

Brown, Peter J., Bovey, J. D., and Chen, Xian, "Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace," IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 58-64, 1997. http://www.cs.ukc.ac.uk/people/staff/pjb/papers/p ersonal_comms.html

....that this enables richer applications to be written using the same set of abstractions. 1 Introduction As computing devices become ubiquitous, mobile and wearable, there is an increased opportunity and necessity for the computation to be context aware. The term context aware has been defined by [1, 2]; a general definition in [3] describes location, identity, activity and time as vital parts of context. Often context aware applications are built by combining awareness of these parts in ad hoc ways. Many context aware applications are primarily location aware [4, 2, 5] or spatially aware ....

....aware has been defined by [1, 2] a general definition in [3] describes location, identity, activity and time as vital parts of context. Often context aware applications are built by combining awareness of these parts in ad hoc ways. Many context aware applications are primarily location aware [4, 2, 5], or spatially aware (aware of location and orientation) 6, 2, 5] Others such as vehicular applications and proprioceptive ubiquitous computing [7] need to be aware of spatiotemporal context, which includes location, orientation, time, and motion (linear and angular velocity, acceleration) ....

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P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey, and X. Chen. Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Pers. Comm. Special issue on Mobility and Location, October 1997.

....user is a mobile entity. In most systems, the location context is the major criterion for efficiently supporting the user. Among these are, for instance, a mobile museum guide [10] and a mobile tourist guide [4] which have both been presented at the IMC 98 workshop, and the stick e notes system [1], which is a generalized digital equivalent of Post It notes. In addition to the location information, user preferences, cultural event information, the actual time and opening hours, and other environmental information are often considered added value information, which constitutes the actual ....

Brown, P., Bovey, J., Chen, X., "Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the marketplace", IEEE Personal Communications, 1997 4(5): 58-64.

....stationary on a table, and driving in a car can be indicated by an accelerometer s data. Acceleration is especially interesting in examination of usage patterns. Location Position, location, collocation, and proximity of users, devices, and environment provide important information; see [8, 9] for examples. Outdoors, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is mostly used for fine grained location sensing, but coarse location information is also available from cellular network infrastructures such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Indoors, location sensors are typically ....

P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey, and X. Chen, "Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace," IEEE Pers. Commun., vol. 4, no. 5, 1997, pp. 58--64.

....a database, a Location Server and the effectors undertaking the actions triggered as result of sensor input interpretation. This appreciation has resulted in several research efforts being conducted towards facilitating context aware applications development, e.g. the stick e note architecture [2] and the Context Toolkit framework [21] The SIF framework is our approach to tackle this issue. This framework differs from previous work in that it focuses not only on providing suitable high level abstractions on which sentient application programmers base their designs, but also pays a special ....

Brown P.J., Bovey J.D. and Chen X. "Context-aware Applications: from the Laboratory to the Marketplace", IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5), pp. 58-64, 1997

....as a network of sensors, a database, a Location Server or the effectors undertaking the actions triggered by the sensor inputs. This appreciation has resulted in several research efforts being conducted towards facilitating context aware applications development, e.g. the stick e note architecture [2] and the Context Toolkit framework [20] The Sentient Information Framework (SIF) is our approach to tackle this issue. This framework differs from previous work in that it focuses not only on providing suitable high level abstractions on which sentient application programmers base their designs, ....

Brown P.J., Bovey J.D. and Chen X. "Context-aware Applications: from the Laboratory to the Marketplace", IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5), pp. 58-64, 1997

....about their environment. This is an interesting divergence from other context aware studies, such as the oft quoted location aware tourist guide, as here information is being authored in a particular context rather than presented in a particular context. The stick e note context aware model [11] was used as the basis for constructing the fieldwork tools. In this model, electronic notes that are made by the user are automatically attached to the current context (typically the user s location) thereby creating a stick e note. For example, a stick e note could consist of a Saw giraffe ....

P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey, X. Chen, Context-aware Applications: from the Laboratory to the Marketplace, IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5), 58-64, 1997.

....the hostname and port the component is being executed on. In addition, this system architecture concentrates on easing application development but doesn t provide an event service that addresses information dissemination scalability issues. 2.2.6. The stick e note infrastructure Brown et al. [Brown97] noted that context aware applications implementation is complicated and requires the skills of highly qualified systems programmers. To overcome this situation, they proposed a new infrastructure, the stick e note 10 [Brown96] that makes the creation of discrete context aware applications as ....

....that enables a nomadic user to carry on her videoconference by monitoring her location and orientation accurately in relation to the available video and sound input and output resources. The stick e notes [Brown96] infrastructure has been used to produce PDA based context aware applications. Brown97] described an application that uses stick e notes to cover paging requests. Somebody looking for a book she can not find can create a stick e note expressing her wish to obtain it. Whenever, somebody comes across with that item, a paging message is triggered indicating that somebody else is ....

Brown P.J., Bovey J. D. and Chen X. "Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace", IEEE Personal Communications 4(5), 58-64, 1997

....context is used to start such script. There are different semantics for triggering scripts, such as start when enter a context, start when leaving a context, start every n seconds while in a context. Similar approaches for triggering processing and information display actions are described in [2]. 4 EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS In the experiment we collected data of all sensors in different contexts, as described in Tab. 2. Each cycle over all sensors (some sensors where pulled more than once in a cycle to recognize oscillation) was regarded as a record. The data for each context was ....

Brown, P. J., Bovey, J. D., Chen, X. Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, October 1997.

.... 0, and for note taking in fieldwork as investigated by [10] A more general concept for time and location aware information capture, retrieval and messaging are Brown s Stick e notes, documents tagged with location and time information [3] which have been applied in fieldwork and for tour guides [2]. Context aware information retrieval is also investigated in other tour guide applications, for instance Cyberguide at GeorgiaTech [1] and GUIDE in Lancaster [4] The latter combines the more obvious contexts of location and user preference with an awareness for quality of service provided by the ....

Brown, P. J., Bovey, J. D., Chen, X. Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5) pp.58-64. (1997).

....relatively little use is the perception that it requires special hardware or software. Pioneering work with the Xerox PARCTAB [11] and the ORL Active Badge system [14] took place in the context of office wide wireless infrared networks which provide location information. These and other systems [17, 2, 4] proposed new frameworks for location reactive software. Lack of general purpose location aware software is surprising given the wide availability of portable computers and the increasing availability of wireless networking. Although some specialized applications such as mail and printing include ....

P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey, and X. Chen. Contextaware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications Magazine, 4(5):58--64, October 1997.

....The pedestrian will not be very interested in one way streets, while the driver is unlikely to require detailed information about the local shops or history. Selection of data from speed of movement is described in [21] More advanced interaction and proximity based functions are described in [2,22]. 3 Adaptation In A Map Application Due To Context And QoS We shall now extend our map example to describe the use of context in application based adaptation and QoS management through the model described above. We shall discuss the adaptation of the displayed map by the application, then ....

....simulation) the real life provision of these would require specific tailoring to patterns of user application activity. Our approach does not assume any special network provisions, although it may make use of these where available. Another system providing for scalable map data is described in [22]. The system they describe is very general, allowing contextual presentation of data through the use of SGML. We see the techniques we describe as being complementary to this kind of application. They describe problems with location sensing, which we believe could to some extent be alleviated by ....

Brown, P.J., Bovey, J.D., Chen, X.: Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace IEEE Personal Communications October 1997 p58-64

....milliseconds, v is a situation, p is a number, if in(v, p, m) then perform action(i) Beyond the defined scripting primitives the application programmer is free to use context knowledge in any part of the applications where it seems appropriate. A different approach is described by Brown et. al [2]. 3 Feasibility Demonstration The demonstrator described in this section was implemented to prove feasibility, gaining contextual knowledge using low level sensors. A main requirement for the prototype was flexibility to enable experiments with different sensors as well as a variety of ....

Brown, P. J., Bovey, J. D., Chen, X. Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, October 1997.

....Conference Assistant automatically displays the name of the presenter, the title of the presentation, and other related information. Available audio and video equipment automatically record the slides of current presentation, comments, and questions for later retrieval. People and Object Pager [BBC97, Bro98] Group: University of Kent at Canterbury. Passive context: None. Active context: User s location, nearby people and objects. Description: The pager can send message to a visitor, who wears an active badge but no paging device, by routing the message to the closest person with the visitor. ....

....such as in the Office Assistant systems [YS00] Nearby objects: If the system records the locations of people and other objects, it is easy to figure out who and what are near us by just querying the location database. The Teleporting system [BRH94, HHS 99] and the context aware Pager [BBC97, Bro98] are good demonstrations of how this context can be used. Network bandwidth: As stated before, network bandwidth is also an important computational context. There is no easy way, however, for applications to adapt to the bandwidth changes without underlying system support. Implemented as a ....

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Peter J. Brown, John D. Bovey, and Xian Chen. Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5):58-64, October 1997.

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Brown P.J., Bovey J.D., Chen X., Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace. In IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5) (1997), 58-64

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Brown, P.J., Bovey, J.D., Chen X. Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5) (1997), 58-64.

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P. Brown, J. Bovey, X. Chen, Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5):58-64. 1997.

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BROWN, P.J., BOVEY, J.D. AND CHEN, X. Context-aware applications: From the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications 4, 5, 58-64.

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P.J. Brown, J.D. Bovey and X.Chen. Context-aware Applications: from the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5):58-64, October 1997.

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P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey, and X. Chen, "ContextAware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace ", IEEE Personal Communications, October 1997

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Brown, P. J., Bovey, J. D., & Chen, X. (1997). Context-aware applications: From the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5), 58--64.

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P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey, and X. Chen. Context-aware applications: From the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5):58--64, October 1997.

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P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey and X. Chen. Context-aware applications: From the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications 4(5): pp. 58-64. October 1997.

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P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey, and X. Chen, "ContextAware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace ", IEEE Personal Communications, October 1997

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Peter J. Brown, John D. Bovey, and Xian Chen. Context aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5):58-64, October 1997.

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P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey, and X. Chen. Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5):58--64, 1997.

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P. J. Brown, J. D. Bovey, and X. Chen, "Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace" IEEE Personal Communications, vol.4 no.5 pp.58-64, October 1997.

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Brown PJ, Bovey JD and Chen X (1997) Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Pers Comm 4(5):58--64

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BROWN, P. J., BOVEY, J. D., AND CHEN, X. Context-aware Applications: from the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications 4, 5 (October 1997), 58--64.

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P. Brown, J. Bovey, and X. Chen, "Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the market place," IEEE Personal Communications, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 58--64, 1997.

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P.J. Brown, J.D. Bovey, and X. Chen. Contextaware applications: from the laboratory to the market place. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5):58--64, 1997.

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Brown P.J., Bovey J.D., and Chen X., "Context-Aware Applications: From the Laboratory to the Marketplace". IEEE Personal Communications, 4, pp. 58-64, 1997, http://www.cs.ukc.ac.uk/people/staff/pjb/papers/personal_comms.html.

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Brown, P.J., Bovey, J.D., and Chen, X. (1997). Context-aware applications: From the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4 (5), 58-64.

No context found.

P.J. Brown, J.D. Bovey and X.Chen. Context-aware Applications: from the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5):58-64, October 1997.

No context found.

Brown PJ, Bovey JD and Chen X (1997) Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Pers Comm 4(5):58--64

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P.J. Brown, J.D. Bovey and X.Chen. Context-aware Applications: from the Laboratory to the Marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5):58-64, October 1997.

No context found.

Peter J. Brown, John D. Bovey, and Xian Chen. Context-aware applications: From the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, pages 58--64, October 1997.

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Brown, P.J., Bovey, J.D., and Chen, X. Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the market place. IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 4, No. 5 (1997) pp 58-64.

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Brown, P.J., Bovey J.D., & Chen, X. Context-aware applications: From the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4, 5 (October 1997), 58-64.

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Brown, P.J., J.D. Bovey, and X. Chen. "Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the market place." 4 No. 5, Pages 58-64.

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Brown, P.J., J.D. Bovey, and X. Chen. "Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the market place", IEEE Personal Communications, October '97, Pages 58-64.

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