P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 1977. Home/Search Document Not in Database Summary Related Articles Check |
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Emotive Signals for Virtual Worlds - Fabri, Hobbs, Moore (2002) (Correct)
....2002 2002 British HCI Group Fabri, M. Hobbs, D.J. Moore, D.J. 2002) Emotive Signals for Virtual Worlds, in HCI2002 Conference Proceedings, London, September 2002 3. Emotion in the Human Face To offer a comprehensive description of the visible muscle movement in the face, Ekman and Friesen [15] established the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) This was informed by a major body of work and is based on highly detailed anatomical studies of human faces. A facial expression is a high level description of facial motions, which can be decomposed into certain muscular activities, i.e ....
Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V. Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologists Press (1978).
Generation of facial expressions from Emotion using a.. - Bui, Heylen, Poel.. (2001) (1 citation) (Correct)
....of the facial movements to express basic emotions [2] We used several other information sources to map the descriptions of faces from Ekman and Friesen onto the values for the muscle contraction intensities that generate the expressions. These sources were the Facial Action Coding System (FACS)[3], and the book and tutorial by, respectively, Waters and Parke [15] and Prevost and Pelachaud [20] Also our own observations on emotion expression in human faces have played a role. We will discuss these rules in more detail in section 4. As can be seen from the system, the FRBS is actually ....
Ekman, P., and W. Friesen, Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., 1978.
Quo vadis Face Recognition? - Ralph Gross Jianbo (Correct)
....motion is present. Image size is 640 by 480 pixels with 8 bit gray scale resolution. There are three variations in lighting: ambient lighting, single high intensity lamp, and dual high intensity lamps with reflective umbrellas. Facial expressions are coded using the Facial Action Coding System [7] and also assigned emotion specified labels. For the current study, we selected a total of 1424 images from 105 subjects. Emotion expressions included happy, surprise, anger, disgust, fear, and sadness. Examples for the different expressions are shown in Figure 4. Figure 4: Cohn Kanade AU Coded ....
P. Ekman and W.V. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologist Press, 1978.
Facial Action Recognition In Face Profile Image Sequences - Pantic, Patras (2002) (1 citation) (Correct)
....or few discrete facial features, such as raising the eyebrows in surprise [1] To detect such subtlety of human emotion, automatic recognition of facial gestures (i.e. fine grained changes in facial expression) is needed. Facial gestures are anatomically related to contractions of facial muscles [4]. Contractions of facial muscles produce changes in both the direction and magnitude of the motion on the skin surface and in the shape and location of the permanent facial features (eyes, mouth, etc. To reason about shown facial gestures, the face, its features and their current appearance ....
.... review on the past attempts to address the problems of automatic facial gesture recognition in frontal and nearly frontal views of faces, readers are referred to [3] From several methods for recognition of facial gestures based on visually observable facial muscular activity, the FACS system [4] is the most commonly used in the psychological research. Following this trend, all of the existing methods for automatic facial gesture analysis, including the method proposed here, interpret the facial display information in terms of the facial action units (AUs) of the FACS system [3, 5] Yet ....
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P. Ekman and W. Friesen, Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologist Press, 1978.
Facial Gesture Recognition In Face Profile Image Sequences - Pantic, Patras (Correct)
....or few discrete facial features, such as raising the eyebrows in surprise [2] To detect such subtlety of human emotion, automatic recognition of facial gestures (i.e. fine grained changes in facial expression) is needed. Facial gestures are anatomically related to contractions of facial muscles [5]. Contractions of facial muscles produce changes in both the direction and magnitude of the motion on the skin surface and in the shape and location of the permanent facial features (eyes, mouth, etc. To reason about shown facial gestures, the face, its features and their current appearance ....
.... reviews on the past attempts to address the problems of automatic facial gesture recognition in frontal and nearly frontal views of faces, readers are referred to [4, 6] From several methods for recognition of facial gestures based on visually observable facial muscular activity, the FACS system [5] is the most commonly used in the psychological research. Following this trend, all of the existing methods for automatic facial gesture analysis, including the method proposed here, interpret the facial display information in terms of the facial action units (AUs) of the FACS system [4, 6] Yet ....
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P. Ekman and W. Friesen, Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologist Press, 1978.
Parameterized Facial Expression Synthesis For.. - Raouzaiou.. (Correct)
....and Computer Engineering National Technical University of Athens Heroon Polytechniou 9, 157 73 Zographou, GREECE Tel. 301) 7722491 Fax: 301) 7722492 email: araouzimage.ece.nma.gr ABSTRACT In this paper we propose a method of creating intermediate facial expressions based on primary ones [1]. To achieve this goal we utilize both Facial Definition Parameters (FDPs) and Facial Animation Parameters (FAPs) We introduce a way for modeling the primary expressions using FAPs and we describe a rule based technique for the synthesis of intermediate ones. Furthermore, a relation between FAPs ....
....to the great influence of the works of Ekman [3] Friesen [4] and Izard [5] who proposed that the archetypal emotions correspond to distinct facial expressions which are supposed to be universally recognizable across cultures. In the contrary psychological researchers have extensively investigated [1][6] a broader variety of emotions. An extensive survey on emotion analysis can be found in [7] Although the exploitation of the results obtained by the psychologists is far from being straightforward, computer scientists can use some hints to their research. On the other hand, the MPEG 4 ....
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P. Ekman and W. Friesen, The Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologists Press, San Francisco, CA, 1978 (http://www.paulekman. com).
Communication over the Internet using a 3D Agent.. - Chandrasiri.. (2002) (Correct)
....these agents represent the chat parties. From the several existing facial animation approaches [10] we chose the pseudomuscle based concept with a face represented by a polygonal mesh. The pseudomuscle functions are conforming to action units of the Facial Action Coding System described in [11]. Besides facial expressions, head and eye motion is used to construct complex behavioral patterns. Moreover, appropriately changing facial colors help emphasize the agent s emotional state. In our 3 D agent we didn t aim to achieve photorealism but rather easy modification and animation, in ....
P. Ekman and W. Friesen, Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., 1978.
Dynamics Of Facial Expression: Normative Characteristics And.. - Schmidt, Cohn (2001) (3 citations) (Correct)
....to both psychologists and computer scientists seeking to describe and replicate naturalistic interactive behavior. There is relatively little information available, however, on the normative qualities of facial expressions (but see [1] 2] For example, the smile (action unit 12, FACS Manual [5]) has been described as ballistic, with characteristic onset, peak and offset duration, but this finding has not been replicated in the literature [1] Qualitative studies of the presence or absence of accompanying action units that change the appearance of the smile led Ekman [3] to identify 18 ....
....normative properties of spontaneous smiles, as well as explore the possibility of stable inter individual differences in smiles. 2. METHODS 2.1 Data Collection Original data were collected from a sample of subjects in a psychophysiological study of emotion. Manual facial action coding (FACS) [5], automated facial analysis using feature tracking (AFA) 6] and facial electromyography (EMG) were used to investigate the dynamic properties of smiling. Video and EMG data were collected throughout a session that included baseline (seated with eyes open) and viewing of film clips. Smiles ....
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Ekman, P. & Friesen, W.V. Facial Action Coding System . Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, 1978.
Computing Spatio-Temporal Representations of Human Faces - Yacoob, Davis (1994) (49 citations) (Correct)
.... from static pictures as suggested by Ekman and Friesen in [6] and the descriptions of motion patterns of the face as proposed by Bassill in [2] We chose not to model or analyze facial muscle ac tions, setting our work apart from [9,10,12] as well as not to use models for muscle actions [7]. Instead, we focus on the motions associated with the edges of the mouth, eyes, and eyebrows (the relevant considerations appear in [14] Before proceeding, we introduce some terminology needed in the paper. Face region motion refers to the changes in images of facial features caused by facial ....
P. Ekman and W. Friesen, The Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., San Francisco, CA, 1978.
Real Time Facial Expression Recognition in Video - Using Support Vector Self-citation (Facial) (Correct)
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P. Ekman and W. Friesen. Pictures of Facial A#ect. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, USA, 1976.
Individual Differences in Facial Expression: Stability.. - Cohn, Schmidt, Gross.. (2002) Self-citation (Ekman) (Correct)
....is the most common of facial expressive movements [19] and is a reliable index of emotion valence and intensity [2] In study 2, 85 middle aged to older adults were observed at a 4 month interval in a clinical interview. Facial expres1 sion was manually coded using the Facial Action Coding System [7]. We report Pearson correlation coefficients for specific facial actions and using pattern recognition demonstrate the utility of facial behavior signatures for person recognition. The two studies afford evaluation of individual differences in multiple contexts (alone versus 2 person interview) ....
....emotion (Study 1) and biometric analysis of facial behavior (Study 2) in person recognition. 2 Study 1: Facial expression during solitary viewing of films Original data were collected from a sample of subjects in a psychophysiological study of emotion [4, 15] Manual facial action coding (FACS) [7], automated facial analysis using feature tracking (AFA) 20] and facial electromyography (EMG) were used to investigate the dynamic properties of smiling [18] Video and EMG data were collected on two occasions separated in time by approximately 12 months. At each session, subjects were ....
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P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, 1978.
A Taxonomy of Multimodal Interaction in the Human.. - Schomaker, Nijtmans, al. (1995) (5 citations) (Correct)
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P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 1977.
Real Time Facial Expression Recognition in Video - Using Support Vector (Correct)
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P. Ekman and W. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System (FACS): Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, USA, 1978.
MIMIC - A Language for Specifying Facial Animations - Fuchs, Haber, Seidel (2004) (Correct)
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Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System. Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, 1978.
Case-Based Reasoning for User-Profiled Recognition of.. - Pantic, Rothkrantz (2004) (Correct)
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P. Ekman and W. Friesen, Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologist Press, 1978.
Multimodal Embodied Agents - Pelachaud, Poggi (2001) (Correct)
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P. Ekman and W. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1978.
Model-Based Estimation of Facial Expression Parameters from - Eisert, Girod (1997) (4 citations) (Correct)
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P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen, Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., Palo Alto, 1978.
Recognition of Facial Expressions in the - Presence Of Occlusion (2001) (Correct)
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P. Ekman and W. Friesen. The Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, San Francisco, CA, 1978.
Towards Genuine Machine Autonomy - Van Der Vyver (2004) (Correct)
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P. Ekman, W. Friesen, Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologist Press, Palo Alto, 1978.
Mediating the Expression of Emotion in Educational.. - Fabri, Moore, Hobbs (2004) (Correct)
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Ekman P, Friesen W. Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press 1978
An Algebra for combining MPEG-4 compliant Facial Animations - Paradiso (Correct)
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Ekman, P., Friesen, W. Facial Action Coding System. Consulting psychologists Press, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, 1978.
MIMIC - A Language for Specifying Facial Animations - Fuchs, Haber, Seidel (2004) (Correct)
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Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System. Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA, 1978.
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Expressions with Hand-Generated .. - Choe, Ko (2001) (Correct)
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P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., 1978.
Performance-Driven Muscle-Based Facial Animation - Choe, Lee, Ko (2001) (1 citation) (Correct)
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P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., 1978.
Communicating Multimodal Information on the WWW.. - Barakonyi.. (Correct)
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P. Ekman and W. Friesen, Facial Action Coding System, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., 1978.
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