D. Schmidt, D. Fox, and T. Sudya. Adaptive: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment. Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, June 1993.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....such as synchronization, fault tolerance, and distribution. To isolate a designer from the complexity of a distributed system, there is a need for appropriate middleware abstractions. A number of frameworks for group communication have been proposed for this purpose[vRBF 95, MMSA 96, SBS93, ADKM92, FG00] A group communication service (GCS) provides the capability of constructing and maintaining multicast channels. In particular, an application can request a channel with desired QoS parameters and ordering specification. The ordering specification is used to prescribe a set of ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. Adaptive: a dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4), 1993.

....issues given the desire to maximize independence between modules. We use Cactus as our framework for building modular software, although many of the techniques apply equally well for software built using other frameworks such as the x kernel [12] Scout [18] Ensemble [19] and Adaptive [21]. Figure 1 illustrates the basic software architecture on a host. This architecture consists of a number of 2 user kernel Device Drivers Application Protocol stack Middleware AC AC AC AC AC Adaptation Controller AC AC AC Figure 1: System architecture. system layers, which may ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....and linking them together with a runtime system to give a composite protocol, which is then composed hierarchically with other composite protocols and standard protocols to form the network subsystem. When compared with similar systems for building configurable protocols [9] 10] 11] [12], Cactus provides finer granularity, a two level composition model with both hierarchical and non hierarchical composition, and a flexible and dynamic event mechanism that maximizes the configurability of micro protocols. Several prototype implementations of Cactus have been constructed, ....

....For example, a micro protocol may be notified when a message arrives at the composite protocol, when it is ready to be transmitted, and when it has been sent out. As a result, micro protocols do not need to be simple data filters, but can implement arbitrary logical transport properties. Adaptive [12] introduces a non hierarchical approach for constructing configurable protocols. In this approach, each protocol or service consists of a backplane with slots for different protocol functions such as flow control and reliability. The fact that a service is pre divided into a fixed set of ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment," Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 269--286, Jun 1993.

....of code maintenance, flexibility in the face of widely varying application requirements, and configurability through the composition of basic protocol functions. There are two points of departure from a classical kernel based architecture: designing a new operating system abstractions, as with [1][2][3] and moving the communication services out of the kernel, as with [4] 5] 6] 7] The x kernel [1] and ADAPTIVE [2] approaches overcome inflexibility in protocol implementation and deployment through composing protocol functions via miniprotocols or protocol machines. The Conduit [3] model ....

....the composition of basic protocol functions. There are two points of departure from a classical kernel based architecture: designing a new operating system abstractions, as with [1] 2] 3] and moving the communication services out of the kernel, as with [4] 5] 6] 7] The x kernel [1] and ADAPTIVE [2] approaches overcome inflexibility in protocol implementation and deployment through composing protocol functions via miniprotocols or protocol machines. The Conduit [3] model uses object oriented language constructs and design methods such as inheritance, dynamic binding, and delegation to ....

Schmidt, D. C., Box, D. F., and Suda, T., "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 269-286, June

....Other examples include concurrency This work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant CCR 9003161 and the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014 91 J 1015. control of database transactions [3] real time parallel systems [6, 29] and high speed communication protocols [28]. Furthermore, adaptive systems are important in the area of dependable computing since the actions taken by fault tolerant systems in response to failures are often adaptive in nature [10] An example in this area is the SCOP (Self Configuring Optimistic Programming) scheme [7] an adaptive ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....without the degree of flexibility or fine grain customization provided by our approach. For example, the x kernel [11] and Horus [12] support construction of configurable services, but the modules are relatively coarse grain and can only interact hierarchically using a fixed interface. Adaptive [23] introduces an approach to building protocols that employs a collection of reusable building block protocol mechanisms that can be composed automatically based on functional specifications. The objects are tightly coupled in the sense that interactions between objects are fixed a priori. ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment," Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, Jun 1993.

....support tool that, based on these relations, allows only correct configurations to be created. 1 Introduction The recent research on customizable software components such as operating systems [1, 2, 3, 4] file systems [5, 6, 7] database systems [8, 9, 10] and communication subsystems [11, 12, 13, 14, 15] has demonstrated many advantages of customization. For example, it allows the implementation of a software component to be optimized for the requirements of its users as well as for the characteristics of the execution environment. As a result, the performance may be considerably better than that ....

....have to be added to the specification files for the tool to generate the proper files. 5.2 Slotted approaches A customizable software component is constructed as a fixed system backplane with slots that can be filled using a choice of modules for each slot. Examples of this approach are Adaptive [12] and a framework for group communication systems presented in [22] In contrast with the hierarchical approach, modules in this approach are typically typed and thus can only be used in one specific slot. However, there may be other relations between modules that typing of modules does not ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....follow rather coarse grained, layered structuring approaches. The advantages of fine grained structuring and modularization higher flexibility and improved re usability without serious performance degradation were first exposed by O Malley and Peterson [27] DaCaPo [28] and ADAPTIVE [30] demonstrate the higher flexibility of fine grained modularity by featuring dynamic configuration and assembly of protocols with classified requirements. Bhatti [2] overcomes problems of the X Kernel environment to implement finegrained fault tolerance multicast applications. The Java protocol ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. Adaptive - a dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency Practice and Experience, 5(4), June 1993.

....when compared with their monolithic counterparts. While a number of systems have explored this design space with respect to standard communication protocols, fault tolerance, and security [BHSC98, Hay98, HP91, RBM96] only a few have attempted to combine modularity with real time guarantees [SBS93, SVK97, TMR96, ASJS96] This is not surprising given the inherent tension between the two: ensuring predictable and timely execution requires careful control over virtually all aspects of a system s behavior, while a major rationale for providing configurability is, in essence, to facilitate ....

....and predictability afforded by the architecture, and discussed other specific problems that arose in both the user space and kernel space implementations. Only a few systems address both real time and configurability in the context of communication services similar to RTD channels. Adaptive [SBS93] introduces an approach to building protocols that employs a collection of reusable building block protocol mechanisms that can be composed automatically based on functional specifications. While designed to support multimedia applications, the system is oriented more towards maximizing ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....and linking them together with a runtime system to give a composite protocol, which is then composed hierarchically with other composite protocols and standard protocols to form the network subsystem. When compared with similar systems for building configurable protocols [9] 10] 11] [12], Cactus provides finer granularity, a two level composition model with both hierarchical and non hierarchical composition, and a flexible and dynamic event mechanism that maximizes the configurability of micro protocols. Several prototype implementations of Cactus have been constructed, ....

....For example, a microprotocol may be notified when a message arrives at the composite protocol, when it is ready to be transmitted, and when it has been sent out. As a result, micro protocols do not need to be simple data filters, but can implement arbitrary logical transport properties. Adaptive [12] introduces a non hierarchical approach for constructing configurable protocols. In this approach, each protocol or service consists of a backplane with slots for different protocol functions such as flow control and reliability. The fact that a service is pre divided into a fixed set of ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment," Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 269--286, Jun 1993.

....but the design allows for both sequential and parallel processing. A number of proposals have been made for providing dynamic communications through configurable protocol systems. The goal of ADAPTIVE A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment [SBS93] is to provide automated support for composing lightweight and adaptive protocols. Their approach employs a collection of reusable building block protocol mechanisms that may be composed together automatically at runtime. This work emphasized the need for dynamically configurable protocols, but ....

....TCP protocol. The protocol functions together provide the menu from which an application can choose the services it desires. We envision communication services implemented by composing atomic singlefunction protocols from a menu of functionality , as have others [OP92, ZST93, Haa91, PPVW93, SBS93] For example, a service for a reliable, secure image application could be implemented with 9 JPEG, DES, a sequence numbering function, and two different reliability functions (one for request retransmission and one for response error detection and retransmission) 5 Interfaces The design of ....

Douglas C. Schmidt, Donald F. Box, and Tatsuya Suda. Adaptive: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, June 1993.

....is a necessity. Another example of customizability is a graphic equalizer, a device to tailor music to the taste of the listener. This concept is also applicable to software, and has found application in operating systems [16, 3, 6, 26] database systems [2, 24, 22] and communication services [11, 21, 14, 17, 4]. Customization is necessary but not sufficient by itself since it is not practical to build a new instance of a service every time a variation is required. The primary reason is that the number of possible variations can be so large that they cannot possibly be accommodated in one single ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....BKTJ92] have proposed frameworks based on distributed shared memory that allow remote processes to share objects. Similarly, distributed object systems such as Corba [Gro95] and DCOM provide uniform transparent access to remote objects. Frameworks have also been proposed [vRBF 95, SSTZ93, SBS93] that provide building block protocols to construct customized protocols for group communication with different quality of service properties. Based on these abstractions, several higher level abstractions such as whiteboards and shared editors have also been constructed. In addition to ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. Adaptive: a dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4), 1993.

....approach is based on implementation of QoS attributes and service properties as configurable modules. Our emphasis on integrating attributes and on providing a high degree of flexibility distinguishes the approach from other real time and configurable systems that support a degree of customization [15, 17, 18, 19]. An implementation of the model is currently underway using the Open Group RI MK 7.2 real time operating system [16] on a cluster of Pentium PCs. 2 Configurable Real Time Services The focus of the Cactus project is on customizable middleware services for distributed systems, especially those ....

....even this relatively small set of micro protocols can be used to build channels with properties suitable for a variety of different applications. 4 Related Work A number of systems support configurability and customization of communication services in distributed systems, including Adaptive [17], Horus [15] and the x kernel [7] However, only Adaptive and the configurable control system in [18] address issues related to real time. Adaptive introduces an approach to building protocols that employs a collection of reusable building block protocol mechanisms that can be composed ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....are correct and providing configuration support tools that allow only correct configurations to be created. 1. Introduction The recent surge of configurable or extensible operating systems [21, 3, 9] file systems [13, 17, 18] database systems [2, 29, 26] and communication subsystems [16, 24, 20, 23] has demonstrated the importance of customization in such services. Customization allows the service implementation to be optimized for the requirements of each application and the execution environment. As a result, the performance of such an implementation may be considerably better than that of ....

....it in the hierarchy. Three recent examples of this approach are the x kernel [16] Horus [23] and stackable file systems [12] ffl Slotted. A fixed system or service backplane has slots, or hooks, that can be filled using a choice of modules for each slot. Examples of this approach are Adaptive [24] and a modular framework for group communication systems presented in [11] ffl Class hierarchy based. Mechanisms for constructing a system or a service are presented to users as an object class hierarchy. A predefined class hierarchy specifies the available components, which can be manipulated ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....services that are implemented at a high level in the protocol stack. Thispaper describes Coyote, a system that supports the construction of highly modular and configurable versions of complex high level protocols. Coyote extends the notion of protocol objects supported by systems such as ADAPTIVE [SBS93] Horus [RBM96] and the x kernel [HP91] to finer grain modules called micro protocols that implement individual properties of the target service as separate modules. For example, with atomic multicast, one micro protocol might implement the consistent ordering requirements, while another might ....

....lend credence to the claim that such fine grain modularity can be introduced without sacrificing performance. System V Streams [Rit84] also supports modularization of protocols, but its model is also hierarchical and relatively coarse grained. Somewhat closer to our work is the ADAPTIVE system [SBS93] which is also designed to support flexible combinations of protocol objects. The goal of the system is to support efficient construction of transport services with different quality of service (QoS) characteristics, especially for multimedia applications using high performance networks. In ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency--Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, June 1993.

....of other frameworks such as OTEC [20] and RENEW [18] for implementing rollback recovery protocols. Egida is unique in that it allows rollback recovery protocols to be configured from basic building blocks. This approach is similar to the one used in other systems for instance, in Adaptive [23] and xkernel [13] for networking protocols, and in Horus [22] and Cactus [11] for distributed computing and group membership protocols. We have integrated Egida with the MPICH implementation of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard [25] This enables existing MPI applications to take ....

....exported by Egida identifies key properties of rollback recovery protocols, simplifying their understanding, while hiding the tedium of combining the various properties to implement a complete protocol. Egida s architecture, is similar to the one used in other systems for instance, in Adaptive [23] and xkernel [13] for networking protocols, in Horus [22] and Cactus [11] for distributed computing and group membership protocols, and in COMERA [29] and Quarterware [24] for communications middleware. However, to our knowledge, Egida is the first application of this approach to rollback recovery ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. Adaptive: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and Evaluation Environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269---286, June 1993.

....as argued for and developed a data stream architecture for protocols. A lightly explored area in protocol software development, datastream architectures offer easier optimization targets and a clearer separation between data and control issues than do object oriented architectures such as adaptive [36] and Lavender s work [29] The data stream architecture, as used in this work, is smaller in scope and simpler in execution than are whole language approaches such as the Fox Project and Plexus Spin. 2. The data stream compiler. This work has instantiated the data stream architecture as a language ....

Douglas C. Schmidt, Donald F. Box, and Tatsuya Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, June 1993.

....micro protocol modules together with the CactusRT runtime system. Services built using CactusRT execute on a cluster of Pentium PCs running the Mach MK 7. 3 real time operating system from OpenGroup RI [Rey95] CactusRT goes beyond existing support for configurable middleware [Her94, RBM96, SBS93] and real time systems [SVK93, TMR96, SLC99, GSMT97] in its emphasis on fine grain customization, integration of QoS attributes, and extensibility of service properties. This paper has several goals. The first is to present RTD channels as a useful abstraction for distributed applications based ....

....MK provides synchronized clocks in the kernel, which will allow us to experiment with micro protocols that rely on synchronized clocks and to make meaningful end to end deadline measurements. 5 Related Work A number of systems support configurability in distributed systems, including Adaptive [SBS93] Horus [RBM96] and the x kernel [HP91] However, only Adaptive and the configurable control system in [SVK93] address issues related to real time. Adaptive introduces an approach to building protocols that employs a collection of reusable building block protocol mechanisms that can be ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....that are implemented at a high level in the protocol stack. This paper describes Coyote, a system that supports the construction of highly modular and configurable versions of complex high level protocols. Coyote extends the notion of protocol objects supported by systems such as Adaptive [SBS93] Horus Ensemble [Hay98, RBM96] and the x kernel [HP91] to finer grain modules called micro protocols that implement individual properties of the target service as separate modules. For example, with atomic multicast, one micro protocol might implement the consistent ordering requirements, ....

....have been investigated in the context of the layered x kernel model on which Coyote is based and its successor Scout system [AP93, MP96] protocols, while Horus and Ensemble are specific highly configurable instances of group communication services. 7. 2 Adaptive The Adaptive system [SBS93] proposes a configurable and adaptive framework for building communication protocols for applications like multi media that have special quality of service (QoS) requirements. The model used by Adaptive is based on dividing the communication service into functions, with each function being ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....Pentium PCs running the Mach MK 7. 3 real time operating system from OpenGroup RI [Rey95] The emphasis on integrating a range of QoS attributes and on providing a high degree of flexibility distinguishes CactusRT from other configurable systems that support a degree of customization [Her94, RBM96, SBS93, SVK93, TMR96] Thus, in a larger context, RTD channels illustrate the feasibility of constructing customized abstractions that merge dependability and real time using CactusRT. This paper has several goals. One is to present RTD channels as a useful abstraction for distributed applications based ....

....These include jitter control, which reduces jitter in the stream of messages delivered, and flow control, which enforces sender compliance with the given traffic model. 5 Related Work A number of systems support configurability and customization in distributed systems, including Adaptive [SBS93] Horus [RBM96] and the x kernel [HP91] However, only Adaptive and the configurable control system in [SVK93] address issues related to real time. Adaptive introduces an approach to building protocols that employs a collection of reusable building block protocol mechanisms that can be ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....high level protocols are useful, they embed complex functionality and are therefore difficult to design, debug, and modify. One option for addressing this problem is to implement the functionality as a collection of smaller protocol objects (a protocol suite) and then use a system like ADAPTIVE [37], Horus [38] or the x kernel [23] to combine the objects into a network subsystem. Such systems allow the overall functionality to be separated into more manageable modules, thereby accruing advantages in the areas of incremental development, system customization, and code reuse. Despite their ....

....without sacrificing performance. System V Streams [36] also supports modularization of protocols, but its model is also hierarchical and relatively coarse grained. Horus [38] supports stack line configurations of coarsegrained protocols. Somewhat closer to our work is the ADAPTIVE system [37], which is also designed to support flexible combinations of protocol objects. The goal of the system is to support efficient construction of transport services with different quality of service (QoS) characteristics, especially for multimedia applications using high performance networks. In ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, June 1993.

....functions that the infrastructure needs to deal with in a special way; some of these are considered in the next section. 3. 3 Protocol Functions and We envision communication services implemented by composing atomic single function protocols from a menu of functionality , as have others [OP92, ZT93, Haa91, PPVW93, PS93, SBS93]. For example, a service for a transaction oriented application could be implemented with a soft state connection management function, a sequence numbering function, and two different reliability functions (one for request retransmission and one for response error detection and retransmission) As ....

Douglas C. Schmidt, Donald F. Box, and Tatsuya Suda. Adaptive: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Journal of concurrency: Practice and Experience, June 1993.

....of service (QoS) guarantees optimized for each application and execution environment. This emphasis on integrating attributes and on providing a high degree of flexibility distinguishes the approach from other real time and configurable systems that support a degree of customization [Her94, RBM96, SBS93, SVK93, TMR96] Our approach is based on implementing different semantic properties and property variants of a service as separate fine grain modules called micro protocols that interact using an event based interaction model. A service is constructed by selecting a set of micro protocols ....

....or causal ordering are included, then a message may be delayed awaiting the arrival of other messages. In this case, d r should be larger than r r . 4 Related Work A number of systems support configurability and customization of communication services in distributed systems, including Adaptive [SBS93] ANSA [Her94] Horus [RBM96] and the x kernel [HP91] However, only Adaptive and the configurable control system in [SVK93] address issues related to real time. Adaptive introduces an approach to building protocols that employs a collection of reusable building block protocol mechanisms that ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....be simple for users of the service to configure. Finally, configurability should not come at the expense of performance. An option that approaches this ideal mix is to implement the functionality as a collection of smaller protocol objects (a protocol suite) and then use a system like ADAPTIVE [SBS93] Horus [vRHB94] or the x kernel [HP91] to combine the objects into a network subsystem. However, despite their advantages over monolithic realizations, these systems still have a number of deficiencies when it comes to implementing high level protocols. These include inadequate support for ....

....they are asynchronous and re entrant. 2.4. 4 ADAPTIVE ADAPTIVE (A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment) is a flexible transport environment for developing protocols of diverse quality of service requirements running on high performance networks [SBS93, SS94] The main benefits of ADAPTIVE are customized lightweight sessions and alternative process architectures for parallel processing. Sessions are the state of a connection and contain roundtrip timers, local and remote addresses, sequence numbers, and flow control window advertisements. ....

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D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency--Practice & Experience, 5(4):269--286, June 1993.

.... 94] Scout [MMO 94a] and V [CD94] Also, in file systems, configurability has been used to enable new application types, such as databases and multimedia, to make use of file systems efficiently for their storage needs [HP94, KN93, Maf94] In networking, the x kernel [HP91] and Adaptive [SBS93] are examples of systems that support construction of customized communication protocols out of modules. All these systems are described further in chapter 2. Although numerous projects have investigated issues related to communication services for fault tolerant distributed computing, only a few ....

....headers to avoid copying. The x kernel work has demonstrated that modular implementation can be efficient. For example, user to user communication latency in the x kernel has been shown to be much less, often less than half, than that of Unix on identical hardware [HP91] The Adaptive system [SBS93] proposes a configurable and adaptive framework for building communication protocols for applications like multi media that have special requirements for quality of service. The model used by Adaptive is based on dividing the communication service into functions, with each function being ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....framework is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communications. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work on ZEN. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [14] Conduit [15] System V STREAMS [16] ADAPTIVE [17], and F CSS [18] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....in this paper are freely available via anonymous ftp from the Internet host ics.uci.edu (128.195.1.1) in the file gnu C wrappers.tar.Z. This distribution contains complete source code, documentation, and example test drivers for the C components developed as part of the ADAPTIVE project [25] at the University of California, Irvine. Components in the ASX framework have been ported to both UNIX and Windows NT and are currently being used in a number of commercial products including the AT T Q.port ATM signaling software product and the Ericsson EOS family of network management ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993. 14

....is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines that research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [39] Conduit [30] System V STREAMS [40] ADAPTIVE [41], and F CSS [42] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....the network management portion of the Motorola IRIDIUM global personal communications system, and a family of telecommunication switch management systems developed at Ericsson GE Mobile Communications. In addition, the ASX framework has being used in the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) [16]. ACE facilitates experimentation with various aspects of communication subsystems (such as flexible process architectures for multi processor based communication protocol stacks [4] and adaptive protocol reconfiguration techniques [16] and distributed applications (such as extensible frameworks ....

.... has being used in the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) 16] ACE facilitates experimentation with various aspects of communication subsystems (such as flexible process architectures for multi processor based communication protocol stacks [4] and adaptive protocol reconfiguration techniques [16]) and distributed applications (such as extensible frameworks for concurrent event demultiplexing [5] A freely available subset of the ASX framework described in this paper may be obtained via anonymous ftp from ics.uci.edu in the files gnu C wrappers.tar.Z and gnu C wrappers doc.tar.Z. ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journalof Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993. 15

....is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [32] Conduit [33] System V STREAMS [34] ADAPTIVE [35], and F CSS [36] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....The design of TAO s pluggable protocols framework is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems, as described below. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [33] System V STREAMS [34] Conduit [35] ADAPTIVE [36], and F CSS [37] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [27] Conduit [28] System V STREAMS [29] ADAPTIVE [30], and F CSS [31] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....bytes of messages the ACE Message Queue is willing to buffer before it becomes flow controlled. The low water mark indicates the level at which a previously flow controlled ACE Task is no longer considered to be full. 4 ACE Examples The ACE components are currently being used in several research [46] and commercial environments [6, 38, 47] to enhance the configuration flexibility and software component reuse of communication software that operate efficiently and portably across multiple hardware and software platforms. To illustrate how the ASX framework is used in practice, this section ....

.... (such as local and remote IPC [4] event demultiplexing and service handler dispatching [14] service initialization [16, 17] configuration mechanisms for distributed applications containing monolithic and layered services [20] distributed logging [13] and intra and inter service concurrency [46]) into reusable OO components and frameworks. ACE is freely available via the World Wide Web at URL www.cs.wustl.edu schmidt ACE.html. This distribution contains the source code, documentation, and example test drivers developed at Washington University, St. Louis. ACE is currently being used in ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....the network management portion of the Motorola IRIDIUM global personal communications system, and a family of telecommunication switch management systems developed at Ericsson GE Mobile Communications. In addition, the ASX framework has being used in the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) [16]. ACE facilitates experimentation with various aspects of communication subsystems (such as flexible process architectures for multi processor based communication protocol stacks [4] and adaptive protocol reconfiguration techniques [16] and distributed applications (such as extensible frameworks ....

.... has being used in the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) 16] ACE facilitates experimentation with various aspects of communication subsystems (such as flexible process architectures for multi processor based communication protocol stacks [4] and adaptive protocol reconfiguration techniques [16]) and distributed applications (such as extensible frameworks for concurrent event demultiplexing [5] A freely available subset of the ASX framework described in this paper may be obtained via anonymous ftp from ics.uci.edu in the files gnu C wrappers.tar.Z and gnu C wrappers doc.tar.Z. ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....requirements. To enhance performance, the generated protocols may execute in parallel on several target platforms such as shared memory and message passing multi processors. This paper focuses primarily on ADAPTIVE s process architecture support; other aspects of ADAPTIVE are described in [15]. Figure 1 depicts the main levels of abstraction and services in ADAPTIVE s architecture. Multimedia applications that generate and receive various types of synchronized and independent traffic (such as voice, video, text, and image) access ADAPTIVE s services via an interface between the ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [26] System V STREAMS [27] Conduit [28] ADAPTIVE [29], and F CSS [30] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....bytes of messages the ACE Message Queue is willing to buffer before it becomes flow controlled. The low water mark indicates the level at which a previously flow controlled ACE Task is no longer considered to be full. 3 ACE Examples The ACE components are currently being used in several research [42] and commercial environments [5, 34, 43] to enhance the configuration flexibility and software component reuse of communication software that operate efficiently and portably across multiple hardware and software platforms. To illustrate how the ASX framework is used in practice, this section ....

.... (such as local and remote IPC [3] event demultiplexing and service handler dispatching [18] service initialization [44, 45] configuration mechanisms for distributed applications containing monolithic and layered services [16] distributed logging [17] and intra and inter service concurrency [42]) into reusable C components. The ADAPTIVE Communication Environment employs a variety of advanced OS mechanisms (such as explicit dynamic linking and multi threading) object oriented design techniques (such as encapsulation, hierarchical classification, and deferred composition) and C ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....the generation of application tailored protocols. The components in this framework automate many steps required to generate customized protocols and to execute these protocols in parallel on heterogeneous platforms (such as message passing transputers [9] and shared memory multi processors [10]) The work described in this paper is based on the principles of a function based communication model that decomposes protocols into de layered protocol function and mechanism components [2] The primary objectives of this functionbased model are to (1) enhance service flexibility and (2) ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....provides a set of classes and tools that enable flexible selection from among several message based and task based process architectures [5] A process architecture binds units of application service processing (such as layers, functions, connections, messages, etc. with one or more CPUs [17]. The choice of process architecture significantly affects key sources of distributed application performance overhead (such as memory to memory copying and data manipulation, NETWORK INTERFACE OR PSEUDO DEVICES STREAM Tail Multiplexor APPLICATION Stream STREAM Head APPLICATION Stream ....

.... CLIENT HOST APPLICATION NAMED PIPE TCP CONNECTION TCP CONNECTION CLIENT HOST : Listener : Logging IO : Logging IO : Log Msg : SOCK Stream Figure 5: ASX Components in the Distributed Logging Facility 4 ASX Examples The ASX framework components are currently being used in several research projects [17] and commercial projects [1] to enhance the configuration flexibility and software component reuse of distributed communication systems that operate efficiently and portably across multiple hardware and software platforms. The remainder of this section examines the architecture of two existing ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

.... framework is being used by Ericsson Communications to configure and administer concurrent network services that implement a family of PBX management products on UNIX and Windows NT platforms [12] The Service Configurator framework is also being used in the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) [18]. ACE facilitates the development and experimentation with various aspects of communication subsystems (such as flexible process architectures for multi processor based communication protocol stacks [2] and adaptive protocol reconfiguration techniques [19] and distributed applications (such as ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....different design alternatives found in four existing commercial and experimental operating systems. Our research group at University of California, Irvine is currently using this taxonomy to guide the development of a highly modular transport system development environment called called ADAPTIVE [61]. ADAPTIVE is an integrated collection of communicationrelated C components [62] that may be combined via inheritance, template instantiation, and object composition. These components help control for factors (such as concurrency control schemes, protocol functionality, and application traffic ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....framework to facilitate the development of application tailored protocols. The components in this framework automate many steps involved with generating customized protocols that run in parallel on heterogeneous platforms such as message passing transputers [3] and shared memory multi processors [4]. In general, the application tailored protocols described in this paper share two related characteristics. First, they are based on a de layered communication model, rather than a conventional layered model [1] Second, they are composed of reusable protocol function building blocks (such as ....

.... [21] The technique of using flowgraphs as a language for specifying function based protocol machines is described in this paper using notions and definitions from the function based communication model presented in [1] In addition, the same approach is also applicable to the system described in [4]. ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

.... types of parallel processing architectures (such as message passing and shared memory) A model describing a flexible function based communication subsystem (F CSS) is presented in [1] A similar approach (ADAPTIVE) involving transport system support for multimedia applications is presented in [7]. Other related work addresses issues such as architectures that support function based protocol decomposition [5, 8] and graph and shape based protocol configuration techniques [6, 9] However, the related work does not address in detail the automated support necessary to generate ....

....into protocol machine instantiations. An instantiation is an executable protocol machine that consists of resources (such as object code and related data) that may be optimized to run efficiently on a particular target execution platform (such as transputers [13] or shared memory multi processors [7]) Instantiations are implemented via mechanisms selected from the protocol resource pool during the first transformation phase. Depending on the hardware platform, protocol mechanisms may be grouped into clusters and mapped onto one or more processing elements using the tools discussed in Section ....

[Article contains additional citation context not shown here]

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....the network management portion of the Motorola IRIDIUM global personal communications system, and a family of telecommunication switch management systems developed at Ericsson GE mobile communications. In addition, the ASX framework has being used in the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) [19] ACE facilitates experimentation with various aspects of communication subsystems (such as flexible process architectures for multi processor based communication protocol stacks [12] and adaptive protocol reconfiguration techniques [19] and distributed applications (such as extensible frameworks ....

.... being used in the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) 19] ACE facilitates experimentation with various aspects of communication subsystems (such as flexible process architectures for multi processor based communication protocol stacks [12] and adaptive protocol reconfiguration techniques [19]) and distributed applications (such as extensible frameworks for concurrent event demultiplexing [15] Public domain versions of the ASX framework described in this paper is available via anonymous ftp from ics.uci.edu in the file gnu C wrappers.tar.Z. ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

No context found.

D. Schmidt, D. Fox, and T. Sudya. Adaptive: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment. Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, June 1993.

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D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, , and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, pp. 269--286, June 1993. 14

No context found.

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE --- A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration and eValuation Environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4), 1993.

No context found.

Douglas C. Schmidt, Donald F. Box, and Tatsuya Suda. Adaptive: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, June 1993.

No context found.

D. C. Schmidt, et al.: "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment", Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269-286, 1993

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