D. Schmidt, D. Fox, and T. Sudya. Adaptive: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment. Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, June 1993.  Home/Search   Document Details and Download   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....such as synchronization, fault tolerance, and distribution. To isolate a designer from the complexity of a distributed system, there is a need for appropriate middleware abstractions. A number of frameworks for group communication have been proposed for this purpose[vRBF 95, MMSA 96, SBS93, ADKM92, FG00] A group communication service (GCS) provides the capability of constructing and maintaining multicast channels. In particular, an application can request a channel with desired QoS parameters and ordering specification. The ordering specification is used to prescribe a set of ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. Adaptive: a dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4), 1993.

....issues given the desire to maximize independence between modules. We use Cactus as our framework for building modular software, although many of the techniques apply equally well for software built using other frameworks such as the x kernel [12] Scout [18] Ensemble [19] and Adaptive [21]. Figure 1 illustrates the basic software architecture on a host. This architecture consists of a number of 2 user kernel Device Drivers Application Protocol stack Middleware AC AC AC AC AC Adaptation Controller AC AC AC Figure 1: System architecture. system layers, which may ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....and linking them together with a runtime system to give a composite protocol, which is then composed hierarchically with other composite protocols and standard protocols to form the network subsystem. When compared with similar systems for building configurable protocols [9] 10] 11] [12], Cactus provides finer granularity, a two level composition model with both hierarchical and non hierarchical composition, and a flexible and dynamic event mechanism that maximizes the configurability of micro protocols. Several prototype implementations of Cactus have been constructed, ....

....For example, a micro protocol may be notified when a message arrives at the composite protocol, when it is ready to be transmitted, and when it has been sent out. As a result, micro protocols do not need to be simple data filters, but can implement arbitrary logical transport properties. Adaptive [12] introduces a non hierarchical approach for constructing configurable protocols. In this approach, each protocol or service consists of a backplane with slots for different protocol functions such as flow control and reliability. The fact that a service is pre divided into a fixed set of ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment," Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 269--286, Jun 1993.

....of code maintenance, flexibility in the face of widely varying application requirements, and configurability through the composition of basic protocol functions. There are two points of departure from a classical kernel based architecture: designing a new operating system abstractions, as with [1][2][3] and moving the communication services out of the kernel, as with [4] 5] 6] 7] The x kernel [1] and ADAPTIVE [2] approaches overcome inflexibility in protocol implementation and deployment through composing protocol functions via miniprotocols or protocol machines. The Conduit [3] model ....

....the composition of basic protocol functions. There are two points of departure from a classical kernel based architecture: designing a new operating system abstractions, as with [1] 2] 3] and moving the communication services out of the kernel, as with [4] 5] 6] 7] The x kernel [1] and ADAPTIVE [2] approaches overcome inflexibility in protocol implementation and deployment through composing protocol functions via miniprotocols or protocol machines. The Conduit [3] model uses object oriented language constructs and design methods such as inheritance, dynamic binding, and delegation to ....

Schmidt, D. C., Box, D. F., and Suda, T., "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 269-286, June

....Other examples include concurrency This work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant CCR 9003161 and the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014 91 J 1015. control of database transactions [3] real time parallel systems [6, 29] and high speed communication protocols [28]. Furthermore, adaptive systems are important in the area of dependable computing since the actions taken by fault tolerant systems in response to failures are often adaptive in nature [10] An example in this area is the SCOP (Self Configuring Optimistic Programming) scheme [7] an adaptive ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....without the degree of flexibility or fine grain customization provided by our approach. For example, the x kernel [11] and Horus [12] support construction of configurable services, but the modules are relatively coarse grain and can only interact hierarchically using a fixed interface. Adaptive [23] introduces an approach to building protocols that employs a collection of reusable building block protocol mechanisms that can be composed automatically based on functional specifications. The objects are tightly coupled in the sense that interactions between objects are fixed a priori. ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment," Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, Jun 1993.

....support tool that, based on these relations, allows only correct configurations to be created. 1 Introduction The recent research on customizable software components such as operating systems [1, 2, 3, 4] file systems [5, 6, 7] database systems [8, 9, 10] and communication subsystems [11, 12, 13, 14, 15] has demonstrated many advantages of customization. For example, it allows the implementation of a software component to be optimized for the requirements of its users as well as for the characteristics of the execution environment. As a result, the performance may be considerably better than that ....

....have to be added to the specification files for the tool to generate the proper files. 5.2 Slotted approaches A customizable software component is constructed as a fixed system backplane with slots that can be filled using a choice of modules for each slot. Examples of this approach are Adaptive [12] and a framework for group communication systems presented in [22] In contrast with the hierarchical approach, modules in this approach are typically typed and thus can only be used in one specific slot. However, there may be other relations between modules that typing of modules does not ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....follow rather coarse grained, layered structuring approaches. The advantages of fine grained structuring and modularization higher flexibility and improved re usability without serious performance degradation were first exposed by O Malley and Peterson [27] DaCaPo [28] and ADAPTIVE [30] demonstrate the higher flexibility of fine grained modularity by featuring dynamic configuration and assembly of protocols with classified requirements. Bhatti [2] overcomes problems of the X Kernel environment to implement finegrained fault tolerance multicast applications. The Java protocol ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. Adaptive - a dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency Practice and Experience, 5(4), June 1993.

....when compared with their monolithic counterparts. While a number of systems have explored this design space with respect to standard communication protocols, fault tolerance, and security [BHSC98, Hay98, HP91, RBM96] only a few have attempted to combine modularity with real time guarantees [SBS93, SVK97, TMR96, ASJS96] This is not surprising given the inherent tension between the two: ensuring predictable and timely execution requires careful control over virtually all aspects of a system s behavior, while a major rationale for providing configurability is, in essence, to facilitate ....

....and predictability afforded by the architecture, and discussed other specific problems that arose in both the user space and kernel space implementations. Only a few systems address both real time and configurability in the context of communication services similar to RTD channels. Adaptive [SBS93] introduces an approach to building protocols that employs a collection of reusable building block protocol mechanisms that can be composed automatically based on functional specifications. While designed to support multimedia applications, the system is oriented more towards maximizing ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....and linking them together with a runtime system to give a composite protocol, which is then composed hierarchically with other composite protocols and standard protocols to form the network subsystem. When compared with similar systems for building configurable protocols [9] 10] 11] [12], Cactus provides finer granularity, a two level composition model with both hierarchical and non hierarchical composition, and a flexible and dynamic event mechanism that maximizes the configurability of micro protocols. Several prototype implementations of Cactus have been constructed, ....

....For example, a microprotocol may be notified when a message arrives at the composite protocol, when it is ready to be transmitted, and when it has been sent out. As a result, micro protocols do not need to be simple data filters, but can implement arbitrary logical transport properties. Adaptive [12] introduces a non hierarchical approach for constructing configurable protocols. In this approach, each protocol or service consists of a backplane with slots for different protocol functions such as flow control and reliability. The fact that a service is pre divided into a fixed set of ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment," Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 269--286, Jun 1993.

....but the design allows for both sequential and parallel processing. A number of proposals have been made for providing dynamic communications through configurable protocol systems. The goal of ADAPTIVE A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment [SBS93] is to provide automated support for composing lightweight and adaptive protocols. Their approach employs a collection of reusable building block protocol mechanisms that may be composed together automatically at runtime. This work emphasized the need for dynamically configurable protocols, but ....

....TCP protocol. The protocol functions together provide the menu from which an application can choose the services it desires. We envision communication services implemented by composing atomic singlefunction protocols from a menu of functionality , as have others [OP92, ZST93, Haa91, PPVW93, SBS93] For example, a service for a reliable, secure image application could be implemented with 9 JPEG, DES, a sequence numbering function, and two different reliability functions (one for request retransmission and one for response error detection and retransmission) 5 Interfaces The design of ....

Douglas C. Schmidt, Donald F. Box, and Tatsuya Suda. Adaptive: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, June 1993.

....is a necessity. Another example of customizability is a graphic equalizer, a device to tailor music to the taste of the listener. This concept is also applicable to software, and has found application in operating systems [16, 3, 6, 26] database systems [2, 24, 22] and communication services [11, 21, 14, 17, 4]. Customization is necessary but not sufficient by itself since it is not practical to build a new instance of a service every time a variation is required. The primary reason is that the number of possible variations can be so large that they cannot possibly be accommodated in one single ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, Jun 1993.

....BKTJ92] have proposed frameworks based on distributed shared memory that allow remote processes to share objects. Similarly, distributed object systems such as Corba [Gro95] and DCOM provide uniform transparent access to remote objects. Frameworks have also been proposed [vRBF 95, SSTZ93, SBS93] that provide building block protocols to construct customized protocols for group communication with different quality of service properties. Based on these abstractions, several higher level abstractions such as whiteboards and shared editors have also been constructed. In addition to ....

D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. Adaptive: a dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4), 1993.

....framework is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communications. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work on ZEN. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [14] Conduit [15] System V STREAMS [16] ADAPTIVE [17], and F CSS [18] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....in this paper are freely available via anonymous ftp from the Internet host ics.uci.edu (128.195.1.1) in the file gnu C wrappers.tar.Z. This distribution contains complete source code, documentation, and example test drivers for the C components developed as part of the ADAPTIVE project [25] at the University of California, Irvine. Components in the ASX framework have been ported to both UNIX and Windows NT and are currently being used in a number of commercial products including the AT T Q.port ATM signaling software product and the Ericsson EOS family of network management ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993. 14

....is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines that research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [39] Conduit [30] System V STREAMS [40] ADAPTIVE [41], and F CSS [42] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....the network management portion of the Motorola IRIDIUM global personal communications system, and a family of telecommunication switch management systems developed at Ericsson GE Mobile Communications. In addition, the ASX framework has being used in the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) [16]. ACE facilitates experimentation with various aspects of communication subsystems (such as flexible process architectures for multi processor based communication protocol stacks [4] and adaptive protocol reconfiguration techniques [16] and distributed applications (such as extensible frameworks ....

.... has being used in the ADAPTIVE Communication Environment (ACE) 16] ACE facilitates experimentation with various aspects of communication subsystems (such as flexible process architectures for multi processor based communication protocol stacks [4] and adaptive protocol reconfiguration techniques [16]) and distributed applications (such as extensible frameworks for concurrent event demultiplexing [5] A freely available subset of the ASX framework described in this paper may be obtained via anonymous ftp from ics.uci.edu in the files gnu C wrappers.tar.Z and gnu C wrappers doc.tar.Z. ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journalof Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993. 15

....is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [32] Conduit [33] System V STREAMS [34] ADAPTIVE [35], and F CSS [36] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....The design of TAO s pluggable protocols framework is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems, as described below. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [33] System V STREAMS [34] Conduit [35] ADAPTIVE [36], and F CSS [37] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

....is influenced by prior research on the design and optimization of protocol frameworks for communication subsystems. This section outlines this research and compares it with our work. Configurable communication frameworks: The x kernel [27] Conduit [28] System V STREAMS [29] ADAPTIVE [30], and F CSS [31] are all configurable communication frameworks that provide a protocol backplane consisting of standard, reusable services that support network protocol development and experimentation. These frameworks support flexible composition of modular protocol processing components, such as ....

D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, vol. 5, pp. 269--286, June 1993.

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D. Schmidt, D. Fox, and T. Sudya. Adaptive: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment. Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269--286, June 1993.

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D. C. Schmidt, D. F. Box, , and T. Suda, "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment," Journal of Concurrency: Practice and Experience, pp. 269--286, June 1993. 14

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D. Schmidt, D. Box, and T. Suda. ADAPTIVE --- A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration and eValuation Environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4), 1993.

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Douglas C. Schmidt, Donald F. Box, and Tatsuya Suda. Adaptive: A dynamically assembled protocol transformation, integration, and evaluation environment. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, June 1993.

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D. C. Schmidt, et al.: "ADAPTIVE: A Dynamically Assembled Protocol Transformation, Integration, and eValuation Environment", Concurrency: Practice and Experience, 5(4):269-286, 1993

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