Julia R. Galliers. The positive role of conflict in cooperative multiagent systems. In Jean-Pierre M uller and Yves Demazeau, editors, Decentralized A.I. Elsevier (North-Holland): Amsterdam, NL, 1990.  Home/Search   Document Not in Database   Summary   Related Articles   Check

....world knowledge, TouringMachines will inevitably be faced with various belief and or goal conflict situations arising from unforeseen interactions with other agents. 13 Agents operating cooperatively in complex domains must have an understanding of the nature of cooperation. This, Galliers [Gal90] argues, involves understanding the nature and role of multi agent conflict. To behave flexibly and to 12 Following Bond and Gasser [BG88, page 19] cooperation in the TouringWorld is viewed simply as a special case of coordination among non antagonistic agents. While TouringMachines are not ....

Julia R. Galliers. The positive role of conflict in cooperative multiagent systems. In Jean-Pierre M uller and Yves Demazeau, editors, Decentralized A.I. Elsevier (North-Holland): Amsterdam, NL, 1990.

....conflicts between agents, by associating particular forms of conflict with particular dialogic techniques. 3 HANDLING CONFLICT Conflict is not necessarily a bad thing. As Galliers points out, both individual agents and a multi agent society as a whole can benefit from the presence of conflict [2]. This in turn has led to formal means of representing the existence of conflict [3] However, there are times particularly when agents need to commit to action when conflicting beliefs and goals need to be resolved. The question then is how the agents should go about conflict resolution ....

Galliers, J.R. (1990) "The Positive Role of Conflict in Cooperative Multi Agent Systems", in Demazeau, Y. & Mller, J.P., Decentralized Artificial Intelligence, Elsevier, pp33-46

....with the aim of destroying a particularly shocking picture. One of them is intercepted by the guard, but because the guard is distracted, the other succeeds [Power84] However by examining the mental state of the participants it is clear that they are not cooperating in the true sense of the word [Galliers89]. Master slave behaviour can also be interpreted as a type of cooperation requiring minimal coordination knowledge. The master need only know that the slave has certain capabilities and it will endeavour to supply all the services requested, the slave that all the master s requests should be ....

J.R.Galliers, (1989), "The Positive Role of Conflict in Cooperative Multi-Agent Systems", European Workshop on Modelling an Autonomous Agent in a Multi-Agent World.

....to highly fast and only a little tolerant agents to be maximally satisfied. It seems therefore that in this context aggressivity is not a particular motivation of the agent to chase others but a deadlock avoidance and conflict resolution mechanism. Observations similar to this one were drawn by Galliers (1990). It is also noteworthy that in this case the most unhappy agents are found to be somewhat counter intuitively the stronger faster ones, who may be manipulated in this sense by external forces. This is no longer strange, once we observe that an agent s internal need is in fact proportional to ....

Galliers, J.R. (1990). The positive role of conflict in cooperative multi-agent systems, pp. 33-46, in (Demazeau & Müller 1990).

....have acquired more knowledge both about the matter and about the opponent. In spite of these positive aspects, it seems generally agreed that a conflict is a circumstance that accidentally occurs as a side effect of the interaction between the two agents. Even when the conflict is constructive [18], it is not clear whether a conflicting situation is better than having an agreement in the first place. Instead, we would like to consider here a context which intrinsically involves conflicts: advice giving. In this situation an advisor has to help an advisee to take a decision, concerning an ....

J. Galliers, `The Positive Role of Conflicts in Cooperative Multi-Agent Systems', in Decentralized A.I., eds., E. Werner and Y. Demazeau, volume 3, 33--49, Elsevier Science Publisher, (1992).

....goal node allocation. Thus an agent simply has to communicate its goal to another agent for cooperation in the form of joint planning to ensue. The concept of benevolence that agents will cooperate with other agents whenever and wherever possible has no place in modelling autonomous agents [6, 9]. Cooperation will occur between two parties only when it is considered advantageous to each party to do so. Autonomous agents are thus selfish agents. A goal (whether traditionally viewed as selfish or altruistic ) will always be adopted so as to satisfy a selfish motivation. c fl 1996 M. ....

J. R. Galliers, `The positive role of conflicts in cooperative multi-agent systems', in Decentralized AI: Proceedings of the First EuropeanWorkshop on Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World, eds., Y. Demazeau and J.-P. Muller, Elsevier, (1990).

....described in this paper has been partially supported by the ESPRIT II project P2256 (ARCHON) whose partners are: Krupp Atlas Elektronik, Ispra, Framentec, Labein, QMW, IRIDIA, Iberduero, ERDC, Amber, University of Athens, Univ. of Amsterdam, Volmac, CERN and Univ. of Porto. lence is not assumed [6], 23] However merely having a common objective is not sufficient for realising a collective goal agents also need to agree upon a means of reaching the target state. Previous work on collaborative problem solving [11] 16] 17] 18] 20] has concentrated on defining joint intentionality ....

J.R.Galliers, (1989) "The Positive Role of Conflict in Cooperative Multi-Agent Systems", Proc MAAMAW 1989, Cambridge, UK.

....particular aspects of control, conflict detection and resolution, and possible enhancements in the communication protocol. One original approach which is being addressed by our team is a dual representation of knowledge acquired by perception and by communication. Some researchers, like Galliers [GALL89] [GALL90] and Gaspar [GASP90] have pointed out that conflicts may have a positive role in a MAS, and propose some mechanisms of belief revision in order to avoid incoherence. This process may be considered as a type of learning method, as an agent may change and evolve its current knowledge about ....

GALLIERS, J. R. The positive role of conflict in cooperative multi-agent systems. In: DEMAZEAU, Y.; MULLER, J. P., ed. Decentralized A. I.. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., 1990. p. 33-46.

....process of exchanging information between two agents. We distinguish between two communication principles: message passing and data sharing [Demazeau 90] Data sharing is a common feature of blackboard architectures. Conflicts which arise in the interaction of agents require resolution [Decker 94, Galliers 90, Jennings 92, Oliveira 93] We distinguish two types of conflict resolution methods: coordination and negotiation. Coordination is possible if the agents can forecast eventual conflicts and organize their actions. Coordination is strongly related to interaction plans of the agents. Negotiation is ....

J. R. Galliers. The positive role of conflict in cooperative multi-agent systems. In Yves Demazeau and Jean-Pierre Muller, editors, Decentralized Artificial Intelligence, pages 33--46. First European workshop on modelling autonomous agents in a multi-agent world, NorthHolland, 1990.

....need to cooperate in order to achieve their goals; again, just as in human societies. Multi agent systems research is therefore concerned with the wider problems of designing societies of autonomous agents, such as why and how agents cooperate [125] how agents can recognise and resolve conflicts [1, 43, 44, 65, 66]; how agents can negotiate or compromise in situations where they are apparently at loggerheads [32, 89] and so on. Having implemented an artificial agent society, how does one assess the success (or otherwise) of the implementation What criteria can be used Distributed AI has proposed two ....

J. R. Galliers. The positive role of conflict in cooperative multi-agent systems. In Y. Demazeau and J.-P. Muller, editors, Decentralized AI --- Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World (MAAMAW-89), pages 33--48. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1990.

....limited world knowledge, TouringMachines will inevitably be faced with various belief and or goal conflict situations arising from unforeseen interactions with other agents. Agents operating cooperatively in complex domains must have an understanding of the nature of cooperation. This, Galliers (Galliers, 1990) argues, involves understanding the nature and role of multiagent conflict. To behave flexibly and to adjust appropriately to changing and unpredicted circumstance, TouringMachines should be designed to recognize and resolve unexpected conflicts rather than to avoid them. Also, for the purposes of ....

Galliers, J.R. 1990. The positive role of conflict in cooperative multi-agent systems. In Jean-Pierre Müller and Yves Demazeau, editors, Decentralized AI. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland), The Netherlands.

....overall problem was usually pre ordained by the system designer although they typically had the freedom to choose how they met their objectives. Also because of the dominance of the holistic view, the majority of systems adopted the benevolent agent assumption (Rosenschein and Genesereth, 1985; Galliers, 1989): agents willingly performed all tasks requested of them by their acquaintances and volunteered their services to others if they had sufficient free capacity. In such cases, the agents predisposition to be helpful to others, even to the detriment of their own problem solving in some cases, was ....

....systems itself. The first observation is that there has been comparatively little foundational work which is broadly based. Specific social phenomena have been investigated in depth e.g. negotiation (Laasri et al. 1992; M ller, 1996; Rosenschein and Zlotkin, 1994) cooperation (Bratman, 1992; Galliers, 1989), conflict resolution (Adler et al. 1989; Klein, 1991) commitment (Bratman, 1987; Cohen and Levesque, 1990; Jennings, 1993) and coordination (Decker, 1996; Durfee, 1988; von Martial, 1992) but, in general, these descriptions are not integrated with one another. Hewitt s (1991) work on ....

Galliers, J. R., (1989) "The Positive Role of Conflict in Cooperative Multi-Agent Systems" Proc. First European Workshop on Modelling an Autonomous Agent in a Multi-Agent World, Cambridge, UK.

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Galliers, J. R. (1990). The positive role of conflict in cooperative multi-agent systems. In Y. Demazeau & J. P. Muller (Eds.), Decentralized AI: Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World pp. 33-46. Elsevier Science: Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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